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1.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the flavonoid quercetin can prevent alterations in the behavioral tests and of cholinergic neurotransmission in rats submitted to the ethidium bromide (EB) experimental demyelination model during events of demyelination and remyelination.

Main methods

Wistar rats were randomly distributed into four groups (20 animals per group): Control (pontine saline injection and treatment with ethanol), Querc (pontine saline injection and treatment with quercetin), EB (pontine 0.1% EB injection and treatment with ethanol), and EB + Querc (pontine 0.1% EB injection and treatment with quercetin). The groups Querc and Querc + EB were treated once daily with quercetin (50 mg/kg) diluted in 25% ethanol solution (1 ml/kg) and the animals of the control and EB groups were treated once daily with 25% ethanol solution (1 ml/kg). Two stages were observed: phase of demyelination (peak on day 7) and phase of remyelination (peak on day 21 post-injection). Behavioral tests (beam walking, foot fault and inclined plane test), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and lipid peroxidation in pons, cerebellum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, striatum and cerebral cortex were measured.

Key findings

The quercetin promoted earlier locomotor recovery, suggesting that there was demyelination prevention or further remyelination velocity as well as it was able to prevent the inhibition of AChE activity and the increase of lipidic peroxidation, suggesting that this compound can protect cholinergic neurotransmission.

Significance

These results may contribute to a better understanding of the neuroprotective role of quercetin and the importance of an antioxidant diet in humans to provide benefits in neurodegenerative diseases such as MS.  相似文献   
2.
Novel synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides have been developed to exhibit structural properties and antimicrobial activity similar to those of natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of the innate immune system. These molecules have a number of potential advantages over conventional antibiotics, including reduced bacterial resistance, cost-effective preparation, and customizable designs. In this study, we investigate a family of nylon-3 polymer-based antimicrobials. By combining vesicle dye leakage, bacterial permeation, and bactericidal assays with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), we find that these polymers are capable of two interdependent mechanisms of action: permeation of bacterial membranes and binding to intracellular targets such as DNA, with the latter necessarily dependent on the former. We systemically examine polymer-induced membrane deformation modes across a range of lipid compositions that mimic both bacteria and mammalian cell membranes. The results show that the polymers' ability to generate negative Gaussian curvature (NGC), a topological requirement for membrane permeation and cellular entry, in model Escherichia coli membranes correlates with their ability to permeate membranes without complete membrane disruption and kill E. coli cells. Our findings suggest that these polymers operate with a concentration-dependent mechanism of action: at low concentrations permeation and DNA binding occur without membrane disruption, while at high concentrations complete disruption of the membrane occurs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Interfacially Active Peptides and Proteins. Guest Editors: William C. Wimley and Kalina Hristova.  相似文献   
3.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a genetically complex, progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder of the brain which involves multiple associated etiological targets. The complex pathogenesis of AD gave rise to multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) principle to combat this dreaded disease. Within this approach, the design and synthesis of hybrids prevailed greatly because of their capability to simultaneously target the intertwined pathogenesis components of the disease. The hybrids include pharmacophoric hybridization of two or more established chemical scaffolds endowed with the desired pharmacological properties into a single moiety. In AD, the primary foundation of medication therapy and drug design strategies includes the inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) enzymes. Hence the development of ChE inhibition based hybrids is the central choice of AD medicinal chemistry research. To illustrate the progress of ChE inhibition based hybrids and novel targets, we reviewed the medicinal chemistry and pharmacological properties of the multi-target molecules published since 1998-December 2018. We hope that this article will allow the readers to easily follow the evolution of this prominent medicinal chemistry approach to develop a more efficient inhibitor.  相似文献   
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【目的】从牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)根部组织中分离鉴定内生细菌,测定拮抗菌株脂肽类活性物质的体外抑菌活性。【方法】采用平板对峙法筛选出对牡丹灰霉病菌(Botrytis paeoniae Oadem)、牡丹炭疽病菌(Gloeosporium sp.)、牡丹黑斑病菌(Altenaria sp.)、牡丹黄斑病菌(Phyllosticta commonsii)有拮抗作用的内生细菌。基于形态特征、生理生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列同源性鉴定拮抗菌株。根据脂肽类抗菌物质合成相关基因序列对拮抗菌株进行基因扩增检测,采用酸沉淀法提取拮抗菌株的脂肽类物质,平板对峙法测定脂肽类物质的体外抑菌活性。【结果】从牡丹根部组织中共分离获得62株内生细菌,其中菌株Md31和Md33对4种病原菌均有较明显的抑制作用。Md31和Md33被鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。通过对菌株Md31和Md33进行5个脂肽类合成功能基因bmyB、fenD、ituC、srfAA和srfAB的检测,序列同源性分析,表明两个菌株具有合成脂肽类物质的能力。菌株Md31和Md33的脂肽类粗提物对所测试的牡丹病原真菌均具有不同程度的抑制作用。【结论】获得了2株对牡丹病原菌有良好抑制效果的解淀粉芽孢杆菌Md31和Md33,两个菌株的脂肽类粗提物也具有较强的体外抑菌活性,该研究为牡丹内生细菌的进一步开发应用奠定了基础。  相似文献   
7.
We previously reported that Klebsiella pneumoniae MGH78578 exhibited higher resistance against various antimicrobials than K. pneumoniae ATCC10031. In this study, we showed that the plasmid, pKPN5, in K. pneumoniae MGH78578 played an important role in resistance against aminoglycosides, ampicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol, while genome-derived β-lactamases and drug efflux pumps appeared to be more important in resistance to cloxacillin. acrAB, encoding a potent multidrug efflux pump, was cloned from K. pneumoniae MGH78578 and ATCC10031, to investigate reasons for the high drug resistance of K. pneumoniae MGH78578, and the results revealed that AcrAB from K. pneumoniae ATCC10031 conferred weaker drug resistance than AcrAB from K. pneumoniae MGH78578. DNA sequencing revealed that acrB from K. pneumoniae ATCC10031 carried the nonsense mutation, UGA, which was not found in acrB from K. pneumoniae MGH78578. However, acrB from K. pneumoniae ATCC10031 conferred slightly elevated resistant levels to several antimicrobials. The intact length of AcrB was detected in K. pneumoniae ATCC10031 by Western blot analysis, even though its quantity was small. Therefore, the stop codon UGA in acrB was thought to be overcome to some extent in this strain. We artificially introduced the nonsense mutation, UGA to the cat gene on pACYC184, and the plasmid also elevated the MIC of chloramphenicol in K. pneumoniae ATCC10031. These results suggest that a mechanism to overcome the nonsense mutation in acrB sustained resistance against a few β-lactams, dyes, and cholic acid in K. pneumoniae ATCC10031.  相似文献   
8.
The chemical shift assignments and secondary structure of a murine–human chimera,MH35, of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a 180-residue protein of molecular mass 20 kDa,have been determined from multidimensional heteronuclear NMR spectra acquired on auniformly 13C,15N-labelled sample. Secondary structure elements were defined on the basisof chemical shifts, NH-CH coupling constants, medium-range NOEs and the location ofslowly exchanging amide protons. The protein contains four -helices, the relativeorientations of which were determined on the basis of long-range, interhelical NOEs. The fourhelices are arranged in an up-up-down-down orientation, as found in other four-helical bundlecytokines. The overall topology of MH35-LIF is similar to that of the X-ray crystallographicstructure for murine LIF [Robinson et al. (1994) Cell, 77, 1101–1116]. Differencesbetween the X-ray structure and the solution structure are evident in the N-terminal tail, wherethe solution structure has a trans-Pro17 compared with the cis-Pro17 found in the crystalstructure and the small antiparallel -sheet encompassing residues in the N-terminus andCD loop in the crystal structure is less stable.  相似文献   
9.
刘华  靳永亮  张纪越  朱伶俐  盛天露  刘峰 《广西植物》2020,40(12):1699-1705
毛梗豨莶草(Siegesbeckia glabresce)的乙酸乙酯萃取部位具有显著的抑制细胞坏死性凋亡(necroptosis)的活性。为明确毛梗豨莶草的活性成分,该研究采用正相硅胶柱色谱谱(二氯甲烷:甲醇20:1~0:1)、反相ODS柱色谱(30%~100% 甲醇)、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、重结晶等方法对毛梗豨莶草乙酸乙酯萃取部位进行了化学成分分离和纯化,并根据理化性质和波谱数据进行了结构鉴定。结果表明:从毛梗豨莶乙酸乙酯部位分离并鉴定了9个化合物,分别为3,7-二甲氧基槲皮素(1)、芹菜素(2)、奥卡宁(3)、okanin-4''-O-β-D-6″-trans-p-coumaroylglucoside(4)、1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde(5)、对羟基苯甲醛(6)、3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲醛(7)、3,4-divanillyltetrahydrofuran(8)、buddlenol D(9)。除化合物1和化合物6外,其余7个化合物均为首次从豨莶属植物中分离得到  相似文献   
10.
氨肽酶N的表达及其与结石形成的关系(英文)   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
 为研究大鼠高胆固醇饮食时 ,肝脏氨肽酶N(APN)在实验结石形成中可能的结石发生作用 ,采用 1.2 %胆固醇饮食 4周 ,诱发新西兰兔胆囊结石形成 .根据兔APN基因cDNA序列设计引物 ,提取肝脏总RNA .利用RT PCR检测肝脏APNmRNA水平的变化 ,用组织化学方法观察肝脏毛细胆管膜上APN的表达 .观察新西兰兔胆囊结石形成过程中肝脏APN的mRNA水平的变化、APN表达及胆汁中APN活性、胆脂、总蛋白含量的变化 ,探讨APN在胆石形成中可能的作用 .经成石饲料饲养后 ,随着胆汁饱和度增加和APN活性加强 ,胆囊结石组肝脏APNmRNA水平较对照组明显增高 ,胆囊结石组胆汁中总胆固醇、CSI、总蛋白浓度及APN活性均明显高于对照组 ,且胆汁中APN活性与肝脏APN的表达及胆汁CSI增高呈正相关 .结果提示 ,当存在胆汁过饱和的情况下 ,APN很可能作为促成核因子在胆结石形成早期发挥重要作用  相似文献   
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