Host immunoglobulin G titre and antibody activity in haemolymph of the tick, Ornithodoros moubata

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) in tick haemolymph was analysed immunochemically and biochemically for its antigenicity, antibody activity and relative concentration in a soft tick, Ornithodoros moubata (Murray) sensu Walton 1962 (Acari: Argasidae). Ouchterlony immunodiffusion tests showed that haemolymph from a tick engorged on rabbit IgG (or human IgG) through an artificial membrane, reacted with anti-rabbit IgG (anti-human IgG) but not with anti-human IgG (anti-rabbit IgG). This indicates that haemolymph of the fed tick contains IgG with a similar antigen specificity to host blood IgG. IgG from tick haemolymph was demonstrated by enzyme immunoassay to have the same antibody activity as ingested IgG. The IgG concentration in tick haemolymph was measured by a quantitative single immunodiffusion test. Changes of IgG titre after a bloodmeal were correlated with IgG activity, which was low for 5 days after a bloodmeal and then suddenly increased. The IgG titre reached a maximum 7 days post-engorgement, and remained high for over 4 months during and after oviposition. 125I-labelled IgG was injected into the tick haemocoel to determine the persistence of IgG in the haemolymph. Recovery of labelled IgG was low at 1 and 3 days, and high at 5, 8 and 16 days after engorgement. The data suggest that IgG in haemolymph disappears quickly soon after engorgement possibly by degradation and/or absorption (adhesion to tissues).     

Microgeographic distribution of immature Ixodes dammini ticks correlated with that of deer

In order to determine whether the small-scale distribution of immature Ixodes dammini Spielman et al. corresponds closely to the activity patterns of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman), these relationships were examined in a site on Long Island, New York, U.S.A. We first determined the extent and temporal pattern of adult ticks feeding on deer by examining twenty-three resident deer tranquilized during September-December 1985. I. dammini adults infested deer throughout this fall period, most abundantly during October and November. With radio-telemetry collars attached to deer we determined the relative frequency that they occupied 0.25 ha quadrats of the study site. During the following summer, we examined white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque), that inhabited these quadrats and removed immature ticks from each. 8975 larval and 163 nymphal I. dammini were removed from 208 mice trapped in forty-three such quadrats. The frequency of deer using these quadrats was positively correlated with both the number of larval and of nymphal ticks per mouse. These results suggest that risk of I. damminiborne zoonotic disease may be decreased by locally reducing deer density in sites that experience intense human activity.     

血革螨科二新种（蜱螨亚纲）

本文记述了血革螨科两新种:大理血革螨Haemogamasus daliensis sp.nov.和中华真厉螨Eulaelaps sinensis sp.nov.。该文对新种的形态特征作了描述,并与近似种进行了比较。     

双羽爪瘿螨属二新种记述（蜱螨亚纲：大嘴瘿螨科）

本文的二个新种是樱桃双羽爪瘿螨Diptacus pseudocerasis sp.nov.和三角枫双羽爪瘿螨Diptacus aceris sp.nov.它们均营自由生活,分别寄生于樱桃Prunus pseudocerasus和三角枫Acer buergerianus     

云南省厉螨科一新属新种（蜱螨亚纲：革螨股）

在云南陇川县的蟋蟀Gryllus sp.体上采得一种革螨,系厉螨科Ltelapidae Berlese中未曾描述过的种类,并为之建立新属,订名为滇厉螨属Dianolaelaps gen.nov.,属模标本为蟋蟀滇厉螨Dianolaelaps gryllus sp.nov.。新属的主要鉴别特征是:雌螨螯钳动趾端部分三叉;颚角内侧有沟漕并具齿突;口下片末端,在颚角与下咽间有长圆形结构,其内缘并具透明的尖齿列;涎针有膜状结构包绕;足Ⅰ—Ⅲ基节各具一棘,各基节远端侧具细小毛列。     

The fine structure of the lateral eyes ofNeocarus texanus Chamberlin and Mulaik, 1942 (Opilioacarida,Acari, Arachnida,Chelicerata)

Summary Neocarus texanus, a primitive mite, bears two pairs of eyes, which are principally similar in ultrastructure. Each eye is covered externally by a cuticular cornea. It is underlain by flat sheath cells which send extensive processes into the retina. The retina is composed of distal and proximal cells. The 20 distal cells of the anterior eye are inversely orientated and form 10 disc-like rhabdoms. They represent typical retinula cells. Each rhabdom encloses the dendritic process of a neuron, the perikaryon of which is located outside the retina (proximal cells). The significance of this cell is not known. The retina is underlain by a crystalline tapetum. In the posterior eye 14 retinula cells form 7 rhabdoms in an arrangement similar to the anterior eye. The eyes of one side of the body are located within a capsule of pigment cells. Together the axons of the distal and proximal cells form the two optic nerves, one on each side of the body. The optic nerves leave the eyes anteriorly and terminate in two optic neuropils located in the brain.From structural evidence it is concluded, that the resolution of the eyes must be rather low.The peculiar proximal cells have not been observed previously in Acari. They probably resemble at best the eccentric cells and arhabdomeric cells of xiphosurans, scorpions, whip-scorpions and opilionids. Also, inverse retinae and tapeta of the present type have not been found in Acari until now, but are present in other Arachnida. Thus the eyes ofNeocarus texanus evidently represent a unique type within the Acari.     

青厉螨属一新种：（蜱螨亚纲：厉螨科）

本文记述青厉螨属一新种——顾氏青厉螨Qinghailaelaps gui sp.nov.,其特征:背板刚毛除F_2外,位于前足体的毛较后半体的明显粗长;生殖腹板与肛板间距为肛孔长的2倍;腹表皮刚毛约95对;寄生于未订名熊蜂体上。模式标本采自宁夏海原县,保存在宁夏回族自治区地方病防治所和贵阳医学院寄生虫学教研室。     

陕西宽寄螨属一新种：（蜱螨亚纲：胭螨科）

本文记述胭螨科一新种,长安宽寄螨Euryparasitus changanensis sp.nov.,标本采自陕西长安县大仓鼠的窠内。本新种与黄鼠宽寄螨Euryparasitus citelli Bai et al,1988最相近似,但有明显区别。     

青海禽棒恙螨属一新种：蜱螨亚纲：恙螨科

本文记述从朱雀Garpodacus erythrinus(Pallas)体上采到的禽棒恙螨属Ornithogastia Vercammen-Grandjean,1960,一新种,朱雀禽棒恙螨Ornithogastia erythinae sp.nov.标本采自青海省海南藏族自冶州贵南县。