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1.
目的:研究张家口市大气颗粒物对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的影响,并分析大气颗粒物对不同特征人群的影响。方法:从张家口市医保办公室获取张家口市2013年1月1日-2015年12月31日两家三甲医院COPD患者的住院病历资料,从中国环境监测总站网站获取大气污染物的监测数据,从张家口市气象局获取气象资料。建立广义相加模型(GAM),在控制长期趋势、星期几效应和温湿度影响后,应用条件Logitic回归方法评估PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)对COPD住院人次的影响。根据患者不同特征(性别、年龄、季节)进行分层分析,评估颗粒物污染的高危人群。结果:研究纳入两家三甲医院,共1984例住院COPD患者,其中男性患者1258例(63.4%)、女性患者726例(36.6%),≥75岁患者678例(34.2%),60~75岁患者936例(47.2%)、芨60岁患者370例(18.6%)。2013-2015年PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)年均浓度分别为[(36.54±20.34)μg/m~3、(84.37±52.54)μg/m~3],[(34.50±27.08)μg/m~3、(78.43±69.78)μg/m~3],[(32.04±21.35)μg/m~3、(75.46±50.02)μg/m~3],两者在移动平均滞后3d时,对COPD的影响最大,即PM_(2.5)每增加10μg/m~3,COPD住院人次增加1.90%(95%CI:1.002-1.033,P0.05),PM_(10)每增加10μg/m~3,COPD住院人次增加2.10%(95%CI:1.005-1.045,P0.05)。分层分析结果显示:PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)每升高10μg/m~3,女性COPD患者住院人次增加1.09%、1.14%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);≥75岁患者,COPD住院人次增加1.03%、0.99%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);而年龄芨60岁、60~75岁、男性以及季节分层分析中,PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度与COPD住院人次无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:颗粒物污染会增加COPD住院率,≥75岁的老年患者及女性患者更敏感。  相似文献   
2.
Water pollution from industrial Metro Łódź (ML), Poland, made the Ner River almost fishless in its middle-lower course for most of the 19th and 20th century. The new sewage treatment plant of ML and reduction of industry have caused pollution abatement there since the 1990s. As a result, the Ner became repopulated, which was shown by fish samples collected along its course in 2000–2012. Multivariate statistical methods helped distinguish unpolluted (I and II, in the upper course), and recovered (III, IV and V, in the middle-lower course) sections of the river. Historical and present data indicated that section III (downstream of ML) recovered least, both before and during the study. Section V (outflow one) recovered most and its fish fauna (almost exclusively native) now displays high and stable biomass, abundance and species richness, including those of obligatory riverine species. Non-native Prussian carp's dominance followed the river degradation gradient, i.e. was highest in section III, and in section V declined to almost absence. This study shows that the revival of native fish fauna seems to be a method of restricting the dominance of this highly tolerant species. Despite the abatement, storm events are very harmful to fish (mostly in section III), because the Ner discharge may then increase manifold and all storm water is drained by the ML combined sewer system to the Ner in several hours. Other stressors are numerous dams and desorption of pollutants from sediment in the middle Ner, and perhaps pollutant inflow from agriculture or local urban areas. Some moderation of storm impact on water entering the Ner from ML by constructing buffer reservoirs would probably cause further fish recovery in section III.  相似文献   
3.
利用线性混合效应模型模拟杉木人工林枝条生物量   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
基于福建省将乐林场45株人工杉木解析木的572组枝条生物量数据,采用线性混合效应模型方法,建立杉木人工林枝条总生物量和枝、叶生物量的预测模型,并利用独立样本数据对模型进行检验.结果表明: 线性混合效应模型比传统多元线性回归模型的拟合精度高.不同随机效应参数的组合,其混合模型的精度不同.考虑异方差结构的混合模型能够消除数据间的异方差性,其精度更高,其中,对于枝条总生物量和叶生物量模型,以指数函数作为异方差结构时的模型精度最高;对于枝生物量模型,以常数加幂函数作为异方差结构时的模型精度最高.模型检验结果表明:对于杉木人工林枝条生物量预测模型,考虑随机效应和异方差结构的线性混合模型的检验精度比传统多元线性回归模型的精度有明显提高.  相似文献   
4.
Protein collective motions play a critical role in many biochemical processes. How to predict the functional motions and the related key residue interactions in proteins is important for our understanding in the mechanism of the biochemical processes. Normal mode analysis (NMA) of the elastic network model (ENM) is one of the effective approaches to investigate the structure-encoded motions in proteins. However, the motion modes revealed by the conventional NMA approach do not necessarily correspond to a specific function of protein. In the present work, a new analysis method was proposed to identify the motion modes responsible for a specific function of proteins and then predict the key residue interactions involved in the functional motions by using a perturbation approach. In our method, an internal coordinate that accounts for the specific function was introduced, and the Cartesian coordinate space was transformed into the internal/Cartesian space by using linear approximation, where the introduced internal coordinate serves as one of the axes of the coordinate space. NMA of ENM in this internal/Cartesian space was performed and the function-relevant motion modes were identified according to their contributions to the specific function of proteins. Then the key residue interactions important for the functional motions of the protein were predicted as the interactions whose perturbation largely influences the fluctuation along the internal coordinate. Using our proposed methods, the maltose transporter (MalFGK2) from E. Coli was studied. The functional motions and the key residue interactions that are related to the channel-gating function of this protein were successfully identified.  相似文献   
5.

Background and Aims

Experimental evidence challenges the approximation, central in crop models, that developmental events follow a fixed thermal time schedule, and indicates that leaf emergence events play a role in the timing of development. The objective of this study was to build a structural development model of maize (Zea mays) based on a set of coordination rules at organ level that regulate duration of elongation, and to show how the distribution of leaf sizes emerges from this.

Methods

A model of maize development was constructed based on three coordination rules between leaf emergence events and the dynamics of organ extension. The model was parameterized with data from maize grown at a low plant population density and tested using data from maize grown at high population density.

Key Results

The model gave a good account of the timing and duration of organ extension. By using initial conditions associated with high population density, the model reproduced well the increase in blade elongation duration and the delay in sheath extension in high-density populations compared with low-density populations. Predictions of the sizes of sheaths at high density were accurate, whereas predictions of the dynamics of blade length were accurate up to rank 9; moderate overestimation of blade length occurred at higher ranks.

Conclusions

A set of simple rules for coordinated growth of organs is sufficient to simulate the development of maize plant structure without taking into account any regulation by assimilates. In this model, whole-plant architecture is shaped through initial conditions that feed a cascade of coordination events.  相似文献   
6.

Background and Aims

The structure of a forest stand, i.e. the distribution of tree size features, has strong effects on its functioning. The management of the structure is therefore an important tool in mitigating the impact of predicted changes in climate on forests, especially with respect to drought. Here, a new functional–structural model is presented and is used to assess the effects of management on forest functioning at a national scale.

Methods

The stand process-based model (PBM) Castanea was coupled to a stand structure module (SSM) based on empirical tree-to-tree competition rules. The calibration of the SSM was based on a thorough analysis of intersite and interannual variability of competition asymmetry. The coupled Castanea–SSM model was evaluated across France using forest inventory data, and used to compare the effect of contrasted silvicultural practices on simulated stand carbon fluxes and growth.

Key Results

The asymmetry of competition varied consistently with stand productivity at both spatial and temporal scales. The modelling of the competition rules enabled efficient prediction of changes in stand structure within the Castanea PBM. The coupled model predicted an increase in net primary productivity (NPP) with management intensity, resulting in higher growth. This positive effect of management was found to vary at a national scale across France: the highest increases in NPP were attained in forests facing moderate to high water stress; however, the absolute effect of management on simulated stand growth remained moderate to low because stand thinning involved changes in carbon allocation at the tree scale.

Conclusions

This modelling approach helps to identify the areas where management efforts should be concentrated in order to mitigate near-future drought impact on national forest productivity. Around a quarter of the French temperate oak and beech forests are currently in zones of high vulnerability, where management could thus mitigate the influence of climate change on forest yield  相似文献   
7.
在高中生物教学中,血糖平衡的调节一直是重要的教学内容。以往的教学设计思路主要是依靠教师讲述,学生被动接受,因此学生在学习上缺乏主动性。且由于内容比较抽象,学生很难真正理解。教师如何依据现代教育理论,通过组织和引导学生模拟血糖的调节机制,建构和不断修正动态的物理模型,再建构抽象的血糖调节的图解式概念模型,从而使学生深入理解血糖调节的机制,更好地理解体内激素对生命活动进行的调节,不仅是突破教学难点有效途径,对学生建立科学思维方式也具有重要的意义。结合课堂教学实际,介绍“建立血糖调节模型”的教学设计和“概念模型”的教学组织策略两个方面研究成果。  相似文献   
8.
A new indole-4,9-dione and their phenoxy derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in vitro against the epimastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi, Y strain. All of these novel compounds were found to be extremely potent and selective that the standard drug nifurtimox. Interestingly, phenoxyindole-4,9-dione 9d displayed excellent nanomolar inhibitory activity, IC50 = 20 nM, and high selectivity index, SI = 625. In silico studies using MOE program were performed to generate a preliminary pharmacophore model.  相似文献   
9.
We explore the relationship between transition probabilities in the Leslie model and those derived from experimental cumulative distributions. The nature of the two kinds of probabilities are discussed, and a formula derived for converting from one to the other. A numerical example is given to illustrate the differences.  相似文献   
10.
Functional domains of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Summary 1. The cloning of the mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor sets the stage for rapid progress in understanding the structure of the receptor, its interaction with ligand, and its mechanisms of activation.2. The receptor is a 327 to 328-amino acid seven-transmembrane domain G protein-coupled receptor.3. Recent site-direct mutagenesis studies have provided considerable insight into glycosylation of the receptor, the arrangement of the helices, and the ligand binding domains.  相似文献   
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