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1.
This paper examined the growth and yield performance of Lentinus citrinus on cupuaçu exocarp (Theobroma grandiflorum) mixed with litter (CE + LI) or rice bran (Oryza sativa) (CE + RB) in the ratio of 2:1 (800 g:200 g) to investigate the nutritional composition and proteolytic potential of the fruiting body produced. Significance values of yield were determined on substrate combinations. In CE + LI the biological efficiency of the mushrooms was 93.5% and the content of fat (4.5%), fiber (11.0%), protein (27.0%) and amino acids were higher when compared with CE + RB. Among the amino acids, the amount of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, arginine and leucine was high. The biological efficiency on CE + RB reduced to 84.2% and based on the nutritional value, carbohydrates (53.59%), energy (324.33 kcal) and minerals such as zinc, iron, copper, potassium and phosphorus were higher in this substrate combination. Protease activity from fruiting body was significant in CE + LI (463.55 U/mL). This protease showed an optimal activity at 50 °C in neutral and alkaline pH with maximum stability at 30 °C at alkaline pH. This is the first report of L. citrinus fruiting body nutritional composition with potential for human food and application in industrial processes.  相似文献   
2.
The ability to genetically alter the product-formation capabilities of Clostridium acetobutylicum is necessary for continued progress toward industrial production of the solvents butanol and acetone by fermentation. Batch fermentations at pH 4.5, 5.5, or 6.5 were conducted using C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 (pFNK6). Plasmid pFNK6 contains a synthetic operon (the "ace operon") in which the three homologous acetone-formation genas (adc, ctfA, and ctfB) are transcribed from the adc promoter. The corresponding enzymes (acetoacetate decarboxylase and CoA-transferase) were best expressed in pH 4.5 fermentations. However, the highest levels of solvents were attained at pH 5.5. Relative to the plasmid-free control strain at pH 5.5, ATCC 824 (pFNK6) produced 95%, 37%, and 90% higher final concentrations of acetone, butanol, and ethanol, respectively; a 50% higher yield (g/g) of solvents on glucose; and a 22-fold lower mass of residual carboxylic acids. At all pH values, the acetone-formation enzymes were expressed earlier with ATCC 824 (pFNK6) than in control fermentations, leading to earlier induction of acetone formation. Furthermore, strain ATCC 824 (pFNK6) produced butanol significantly earlier in the fermentation and produced significant levels of solvents at pH 6.5. Only trace levels of solvents were produced by strain ATCC 824 at pH 6.5. Compared with ATCC 824, a plasmid-control strain containing a vector without the ace operon also produced higher levels of solvents [although lower than those of strain ATCC 824 (pFNK6)] and lower levels of acids. Strains containing plasmid-borne derivatives of the ace operon, in which either the acetoacetate decarboxylase or CoA-transferase alone were expressed at elevated levels, produced acids and solvents at levels similar to those of the plasmid-control strain. (c) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   
3.
Two strains ofAspergillus niger were cultured in solid-state fermentation system on carob pods ground from 1.25 to 8 mm diam. A particle size of 2.5 mm gave the highest protein content of the final product (20%, w/w) and 52% of the total soluble carbohydrates were utilized. The total tannin concentration of the carob pods decreased by 83% in 4 days of fermentation.T. Smail and O. Salhi are with the Laboratory of Microbiology, U.R.B.A.F., Institute of Biology, Tizi-Ouzou University, Algeria. J.S. Knapp is with the Department of Microbiology, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;  相似文献   
4.
在假蜜环菌固体发酵培养基中分别添加稻草、稻糠、花生壳等农副产品进行发酵,并以无添加物的培养基发酵作为对照。实验结果表明,添加了农副产品的培养基,菌丝生长速率及发酵完成后培养基中的多糖、蛋白质含量均比对照样有所提高。此外,还对假蜜环菌发酵多糖的提取工艺进行了探讨,结果显示最适提取条件为:温度85℃,时间3.0h,料液比为1:4,在此条件下,多糖的提取率为4.6%。  相似文献   
5.
Plasmid profiles of strains of Lactobacillus curvatus and L. sake isolated from meat or sauerkraut were analysed to investigate plasmid homology and distribution in relation to the ecology of these organisms in fermenting foods. A hybridisation probe was constructed by cloning of pLc2, a cryptic, 2.6-kbp plasmid from L. curvatus LTH683, into the Escherichia coli plasmid pRV50. In Southern hybridisations with the digoxygenine labeled pLc2 probe, pLc2-related small plasmids were frequently detected in meat-borne strains of L. casei subsp. pseudoplantarum, L. curvatus, L. sake, L. alimentarius, L. farciminis and L. halotolerans and in L. curvatus and L. sake isolated from sauerkraut. Among 27 Lactobacillus type strains originally isolated from habitats other than meat this type of homology was detected only with plasmids of L. buchneri and L. mali. Restriction-enzyme mapping of six small cryptic plasmids from L. curvatus and L. sake revealed strong structural homology but no similarity to previously characterized plasmids of lactobacilli. The presence of a variable region in addition to a conserved one and the occurrence of deletions during cloning of pLc2 suggest that vectors derived from these plasmids are likely to be structurally unstable.  相似文献   
6.
溶氧及pH对产朊假丝酵母分批发酵生产谷胱甘肽的影响   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
在7 L发酵罐中研究了溶氧和pH对产朊假丝酵母分批发酵生产谷胱甘肽的影响。结果表明,当葡萄糖浓度为30 g/L且通气量控制在5 L/min时,搅拌转速达到300 r/min即可满足细胞生长和谷胱甘肽合成对溶解氧的需求。不同pH控制方式对谷胱甘肽分批发酵的影响有较大差异。不控制pH时,细胞干重和谷胱甘肽产量比控制pH为55的发酵分别低27%和95%,且有50%的谷胱甘肽向胞外渗漏。研究了将pH控制在4.0、4.5、5.0、5.5、6.0和6.5的谷胱甘肽分批发酵过程,发现在pH 5.5时谷胱甘肽总产量最高。用前期研究建立的动力学模型模拟了不同pH (4.0~6.5)下的分批发酵过程,并从动力学角度解释了pH对细胞生长和谷胱甘肽合成的影响。  相似文献   
7.
纳豆激酶的发酵工艺研究   总被引:27,自引:1,他引:26  
以实验室选育的纳豆菌— 6号 (Bacillusnatto 6)为出发菌株 ,研究其固液两种发酵条件对纳豆激酶溶栓活力的影响。研究表明 ,纳豆菌适于固体发酵 ,37℃下 2 4h ,其活力可达 1 60 0IU/g以上。  相似文献   
8.
冯小海  吴波  沈晓波  徐虹 《微生物学报》2008,24(6):1075-1079
构建了一种纤维床反应器(FBB), 并将其应用于丙酸的生产。将棉纤维绕成桶状, 固定于反应器中, 即可用于丙酸固定化发酵。以40 g/L的葡萄糖为碳源, 与游离细胞相比, 利用FBB生产丙酸, 丙酸产量由14.58 g/L提高至20.41 g/L, 发酵时间由120 h缩短至60 h。研究了不同糖浓度条件下FBB生产丙酸情况, 并将补料策略应用于丙酸发酵中。结果表明: 补料发酵能够有效改善Propionibacterium freudenreichii CCTCC M207015在高糖条件下丙酸对葡萄糖转化率较低、副产物较多的问题。经补料发酵280 h, 丙酸产量达45.91 g/L, 丙酸质量约占有机酸总质量比例为72.31%。  相似文献   
9.
为了考察过量表达苹果酸酶对于E.coli NZN111(ldhA::Kan pfl::Cam)厌氧发酵产丁二酸的影响, 将连接有苹果酸酶基因sfcA的表达载体pTrc99a-sfcA转化进NZN111中, 构建了重组NZN111(pTrc99a-sfcA)。0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导8 h后, 测定的苹果酸酶比酶活为30.67 u/mg, 比受体菌提高了140倍。采用两阶段发酵模式, 结果表明: 过量表达的苹果酸酶在NZN111体内催化了从丙酮酸到苹果酸的逆向反应, 丁二酸是发酵过程中积累的主要有机酸, 且当加入0.7 mmol/L IPTG诱导, 初始葡萄糖糖浓度为18.5 g/L时, 选择对数生长期后期的菌种以10%的接种量转入厌氧发酵, 发酵结束时发酵液中丁二酸的浓度为12.84 g/L, 对葡萄糖的收率为69.43%, 乙酸为0.58 g/L, 二者浓度比为22:1, 没有检测到甲酸和乳酸。构建的菌种具有高产丁二酸和副产物极少的优点, 在同类菌种中处于先进水平。  相似文献   
10.
【目的】旨在通过体外静态模拟瘤胃发酵法研究乳酸链球菌素(NI)对瘤胃发酵、甲烷生成及功能菌群数量的影响。【方法】以不添加任何添加剂处理做阴性对照(NC),以莫能菌素(MON,5μmol/L)做阳性对照,试验组NI添加水平分别为3(NI-3)、9(NI-9)和27 mg/100 m L(NI-27),每个处理4个重复,分别于培养后的0、3、6、9、12、24 h测定产气量和甲烷产量。培养24 h后,采集发酵液样品,用于发酵参数和菌群数量的测定。【结果】与NC组相比,添加NI和MON均能显著降低产气量和甲烷产量(P<0.05);添加NI对pH值、干物质消失率(DMD)和有机物消失率(OMD)无显著影响(P>0.05);NI-9处理组与NC组相比氨态氮浓度显著降低(P<0.05),而NI-3和NI-27组氨氮浓度没有显著变化(P>0.05);相比而言,MON处理组DMD、OMD和氨氮浓度与NC组相比均显著降低(P<0.05),而pH值与其他各处理组相比没有差异(P>0.05);与NC组相比,NI各处理组和MON组乙酸浓度及乙丙比均显著降低(P<0.05),丙酸浓度显著提高(P<0.05)。功能菌方面,qPCR结果显示添加NI和MON对总菌和拟杆菌门数量均无显著影响(P>0.05);与NC相比,添加NI对原虫、甲烷菌、真菌和厚壁菌门数量均无显著影响(P>0.05),而MON组原虫、甲烷菌、真菌和厚壁菌门数量显著降低(P<0.05);NI和MON处理均显著提高了硫还原菌和C.aminophilum数量(P<0.05),但C.sticklandii数量不受影响(P>0.05)。【结论】添加适宜浓度的NI可降低瘤胃甲烷与氨的生成,但并不影响饲料消化,这种发酵模式的改变可能与瘤胃功能菌群数量与多样性的变化密切相关。  相似文献   
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