西藏锐顶天牛属一新种（鞘翅目：天牛科）

本记述锐顶天牛属一新种，即墨脱锐颚天牛Cleptometopus motuoensis sp．nov．。模式标本保存于西南农业大学植保系昆虫标本馆。     

东方大黄蜂的表皮异源移植试验

将东方大黄蜂（胡蜂）蛹或幼蜂的棕色表皮层连同含有黑色素的皮细胞层、黄色表皮层及相连的产生黄嘌呤的皮细胞层割下，换化后植入原来的黄蜂体上（原来是黄色的部分用棕色替代，棕色的用黄色替代）。然后将蛹放回原来的子脾中，幼蜂放入一特殊的培养皿中，让其复原和发育。共对200个不同时期的蛹和50只幼蜂进行了试验。结果显示，存活的最主要是将羽化的蛹（差1—2天就羽化的蛹），早期的蛹和幼蜂均死亡。总共有约5％的蛹存活，幼蛹无一存活。在存活的蛹中，棕色表皮植入黄色区域中的不但成活了，而且还保留了棕色色彩。相反，黄色表皮在植入到棕色区域的几天后，就丢失了黄色及膜片。经过表皮异源移植的大黄蜂寿命极短，一般仅几星期。羽化后较敏感，攻击性强，但行走、飞行都很正常[动物学报51（6）：1146—1150，2005]。     

神经元激发昆虫的导航系统

一项研究发现,大脑中神经元的地形阵列给蝗虫方向感。许多昆虫把蓝天中的偏振光当作导航的指南信号。Stanley Heinze和UweHomberg发现,当蝗虫通过它们眼中的光受体接受到偏振光后,线性偏振光的电场矢量(E-矢量)的方向在蝗虫大脑中心复合体的柱体中是以一个地形图来代表的。中心     

周尧昆虫分类学奖励基金第十二届评选结果揭晓

周尧昆虫分类学奖励基金2008年度评审和颁奖工作已经圆满结束。经过申请者单位或有关专家推荐,评委会组织专家认真评议,并经基金委员会终审,本年度共评选出获奖人员7名,其中一等奖1名、二等奖1名、     

The relationship between the reduction of nonstructural carbohydrate induced by defoliator and the growth and mortality of trees

Large scale herbivorous insect outbreaks can cause death of regional forests, and the events are expected to be exacerbated with climate change. Mortality of forest and woodland plants would cause a series of serious consequences, such as decrease in vegetation production, shifts in ecosystem structure and function, and transformation of forest function from a net carbon sink into a net carbon source. There is thus a need to better understand the impact of insects on trees. Defoliation by insect pests mainly reduces photosynthesis (source decrease) and increases carbon consumption (sink increase), and hence causes reduction of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC). When the reduction in NSC reaches to a certain level, trees would die of carbon starvation. External environment and internal compensatory mechanisms can also positively or negatively influence the process of tree death. At present, the research of carbon starvation is a hotspot because the increase of tree mortality globally with climate change, and carbon starvation is considered as one of the dominating physiological mechanisms for explaining tree death. In this study, we reviewed the definition of carbon starvation, and the relationships between the reduction of NSC induced by defoliation and the growth and death of trees, and the relationships among insect outbreaks, leaf loss and climate change. We also presented the potential directions of future studies on insect-caused defoliation and tree mortality.     

利用基因工程改善婴儿食用稻米的营养品质

Agricell Report 2003年40卷3期19页报道：美国加利福尼亚大学营养学系的科学家B．Llonnerdal及其同事，已将连锁于水稻谷蛋白1启动子和信号序列的合成人乳铁蛋白（HLF）基因导入水稻细胞。     

A NEW RHEOCRICOTOPUS THIENEMANN ＆ HARNISCHIA （DIPTERA： CHIRONOMIDAE） FROM TAIWAN PROVINCE, CHINA

Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) taiwanensis sp. n. from Taiwan, China, is described as male imagines. The species is allied to R. (P.) chalybeatus (Edwards) but it is easily separated from the latter in lacking setae in all reins, much lower AR and more pronounced crista dorsalis in gonostylus. The genus is new to Taiwan Province, China. The specimen is deposited at the Department of Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin.     

杆状病毒包埋型病毒粒子研究进展

杆状病毒是一类专一性感染节肢动物的病原微生物,在其生活周期中产生两种不同形态的病毒粒子,即芽生型病毒粒子和包埋型病毒粒子。自然界中,杆状病毒通过经口感染的方式在其宿主的中肠中建立原发性感染,杆状病毒的包埋型病毒粒子在此过程中发挥关键作用。本文回顾了杆状病毒的基本特性,阐述杆状病毒包埋型病毒粒子的蛋白组成及分类,并着重介绍多粒包埋型病毒粒子的进化及在杆状病毒经口感染过程建立中的意义,对进一步了解杆状病毒的进化历程和侵染机制具有重要的指导意义。     

《昆虫知识》2010年第47卷第3期要目预告

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