生命力及其尊严

在很长一段时间里，许多人认为只有动物才具有复杂的、各式各样的行为。但是现代生物学家们发现，植物能够做动物所做的一切事情，而且植物行为比动物行为具有更多的独特性、趣味性及隐秘性。植物世界有爱情也有战争，有智慧也有文化，在生物进化的长河中不断地接受、抗争、适应以及智慧地成长。     

蚯蚓运动行为的观察与研究

蚯蚓运动行为的观察与研究安瑞永（河北教育学院生物学系０５００９１）黄薇（石家庄市第六中学０５００５１）蚯蚓在形态结构上有许多与土壤钻穴生活相适应的特征，其运动行为也很特殊。了解蚯蚓的运动行为，对环节动物的教学和实验有一定的指导作用。人民教育出版社新出...     

建立以TK基因为标记将外源基因导入臭曲霉（Asper—gillus...

A new system for selection of transformed Aspergillus foetidus was reported. In this system, TK- A. foetidus which were constructed by homologous recombination of mutated TK gene of vaccinia virus with TK gene of A. foetidus were screened by adding BUdR in agar plates. Conditions for screen of TK+ A. foetidus strain, transformation of A. foetidus and selection of transformed TK- A. foetidus have been studied. By using this system, several transformed A. foetidus which contained HBsAg gene derived bf a promoter H8 cloned from genomic DNA of A. foetidus were isolated. It was demonstrated that HBsAg gene was integrated into the chromosome DNA of A. foetidus by Southern blot after many passages of spores. ELISA showed that HBsAg was positive in the growth medium (p/n = 20). The 22 nm particles which were very similar to the HBsAg particles in human serum were found in the growth medium by immunoelectromicroscope. Western blot also gave the specific bands. All these data showed that HBsAg gene was expressed in A. foetidus and the products were secreted into the growth medium. The selection system using TK gene as marker could generally be used to study the expression of foreign gene in A. foetidus.     

追溯山茱萸科植物的性状进化和生物地理学历史——方法选择的影响?

This study compares results on reconstructing the ancestral state of characters and ancestral areas of distribution in Cornaceae to gain insights into the impact of using different analytical methods. Ancestral character state reconstructions were compared among three methods (parsimony, maximum likelihood, and stochastic character mapping) using MESQUITE and a full Bayesian method in BAYESTRAITS and inferences of ancestral area distribution were compared between the parsimony-based dispersal-vicariance analysis (DIVA) and a newly developed maximum likelihood (ML) method. Results indicated that among the six inflorescence and fruit characters examined, "perfect" binary characters (no homoplasy, no polymorphism within terminals, and no missing data) are little affected by choice of method, while homoplasious characters and missing data are sensitive to methods used. Ancestral areas at deep nodes of the phylogeny are substantially different between DIVA and ML and strikingly different between analyses including and excluding fossils at three deepest nodes. These results, while raising caution in making conclusions on trait evolution and historical biogeography using conventional methods, demonstrate a limitation in our current understanding of character evolution and biogeography. The biogeographic history favored by the ML analyses including fossils suggested the origin and early radiation of Cornus likely occurred in the late Cretaceous and earliest Tertiary in Europe and intercontinental disjunctions in three lineages involved movements across the North Atlantic Land Bridge (BLB) in the early and mid Tertiary. This result is congruent with the role of NALB for post-Eocene migration and in connecting tropical floras in North America and Africa, and in eastern Asia and South America. However, alternative hypotheses with an origin in eastern Asia and early Trans-Beringia migrations of the genus cannot be ruled out.     

浅谈“进化生态学”（二）

（续１９９８年第３３卷第３期第５页）５比较研究途径比较研究方法是最重要的进化生态学研究方法。利用这种方法，人们成功地揭示了一些动物行为如丝泡蝇新婚礼物的进化过程。阿尔卑斯山区冷杉林中生活着一种Ｅｍｐｉ－ｄｉｄ科的丝泡蝇Ｈｉｌａｒａｓａｒｔｏｒ。这种蝇...     

饲养条件下白豚的游动及呼吸行为观察

１９９２年５月到１０月，我们对养于中国科学院水生生物研究所白豚馆的１头白豚进行了游动和呼吸及其昼夜节律的研究。根据游速测定将其游动分为慢速游、中速游和快速游３类。慢速游为最基本的游动方式，其１天中每小时所占的时间份额无明显的昼夜差异，而中、快速游则白天显著多于夜晚；因此，我们所观察到的白暨豚夜晚运动减缓的节律是中、快速游减少的结果。白豚１天中平均呼吸频率为１０６．０５次／ｈ（１．７７次／ｍｉｎ）。其平均呼吸间隔时间为３０．６２±２４．５５ｓ，范围１．０４—３１６ｓ。白豚的呼吸模式为１次长间隔呼吸之后伴随１—８次短间隔呼吸。慢速游不会明显提高白豚的呼吸频率，而中、快速游将使呼吸频率显著提高，反映出中、快速游会使白豚的能耗显著增加。     

海绵城市规划政策及建设适宜措施研究

为了更好地推动海绵城市的建设与实施,促进城市内部雨洪管理模式与城市生态环境的发展,本研究梳理了中国海绵城市政策的发展历程,以华南地区的海绵城市为主要研究对象, 并以4种海绵城市相关专业专家为调查对象,从环境危机感、责任归属感、优点认同、政策拥护以及海绵城市的建设措施方面进行问卷调查。首先建立“危机—行为”理论模型并利用结构方程分析法揭示相关专业人员对环境问题的意识、对海绵城市政策的拥护程度数理关系。其次,分析适宜华南地区建设的海绵城市措施,得出“竖向结合天然河道”的建设措施具有最高的区域针对性。同时,基于区域发展现状与区位环境特征,提出可融入政策的措施制定方法,为相关政策与实施策略的制定提供依据和参考。