囊萼花属─—中国玄参科新记录属及—新种

报道了我国玄参科的一个新记录属──囊萼花属ＣｙｒｔａｎｄｒｏｍｏｅａＺｏｌｌ，该属为印度－马来西亚分布，它经过泰国北部，缅甸与我国发生连系，到达我国云南贡山、屏边、金平。全世界有１１—１２种，我国（云南）首次记录两种，其中一种为新种。     

植物的传粉谋略

由于有花植物固着生长的习性，它们的有性生殖依赖于成功的花粉传递。花粉传递之所以重要，在于其中包裹着精子。除少数植物能进行白花授粉之外，大多数植物需要外力的帮助才能实现传粉。据估计，2／3以上的植物是靠昆虫授粉。如果缺乏传粉媒介，精子输送受阻，将导致花不能受精结实。     

Fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi along different aspect in degraded grassland

Aims Fractal root system is phenotypic plasticity result of plant root architecture to respond to environmental heterogeneity, may reflect the growth strategy of plants to adapt to environmental conditions. Our objective was to explore the relationship between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance of fractal root system of Melica przewalskyi population in response to aspect variation in the northwest of China. Methods The study site was located in a degraded alpine grassland on the northern slope in Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China. Survey and sampling were carried out at 40 plots which were set up along four slope aspects transects with 20 m distance between adjacent plots. Handheld GPS was used to determine the elevation, longitude and latitude of each plot. ArcGIS was used to set up digital elevation model (DEM). Community traits were investigated and six individuals roots of M. przewalskyi were collected randomly at each plot. The samples were cleaned and divided into different organs, then scanning the root with the Win-RHIZO for measurements of fractal dimension and fractal abundance in laboratory, and their biomass were then measured after being dried at 80 °C in an oven. Important findings With the slope aspect turned from north to east, west, and south, the density, height and soil moisture content of the plant community displayed a pattern of initial decline, the height, density, root fractal abundance of M. przewalskyi increased and the root fractal dimension decreased. The root fractal dimension was negatively associated with the fractal abundance in all aspects, but the relationship varied along the slope aspects gradient; there was a highly significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance at north slope and south slope aspect, whereas the correlation only reached a significant level (p < 0.05) at the east slope aspect and west slope aspect; indicating that there is a trade-off between the root fractal dimension and fractal abundance. In addition, when the slope aspect changed from north to east, west and south, the standardized major axis (SMA) slope of the regression equation in the scaling relationships between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance increased (p < 0.05), indicating that the roots of M. przewalskyi at the droughty southern slope have less branch and more sparse in the same soil volume of root exploitation and utilization. Consequently, the resource allocation pattern on reasonable trade-off between root fractal dimension and fractal abundance in different slope aspect of M. przewalskyi, reflects the relationship between the income and the cost of construction of plant root architecture.     

建立以TK基因为标记将外源基因导入臭曲霉（Asper—gillus...

A new system for selection of transformed Aspergillus foetidus was reported. In this system, TK- A. foetidus which were constructed by homologous recombination of mutated TK gene of vaccinia virus with TK gene of A. foetidus were screened by adding BUdR in agar plates. Conditions for screen of TK+ A. foetidus strain, transformation of A. foetidus and selection of transformed TK- A. foetidus have been studied. By using this system, several transformed A. foetidus which contained HBsAg gene derived bf a promoter H8 cloned from genomic DNA of A. foetidus were isolated. It was demonstrated that HBsAg gene was integrated into the chromosome DNA of A. foetidus by Southern blot after many passages of spores. ELISA showed that HBsAg was positive in the growth medium (p/n = 20). The 22 nm particles which were very similar to the HBsAg particles in human serum were found in the growth medium by immunoelectromicroscope. Western blot also gave the specific bands. All these data showed that HBsAg gene was expressed in A. foetidus and the products were secreted into the growth medium. The selection system using TK gene as marker could generally be used to study the expression of foreign gene in A. foetidus.     

中国囊萼花属一新记录种——茎花囊萼花

首次报道了囊萼花属(Cyrtandromoea Zoll.)的1个中国新记录种——茎花囊萼花(Cyrtandromoea grandis Ridl.),该种原记载产于泰国、马来半岛和苏门答腊岛,2019年在中国云南省勐海县布朗山地区发现有分布。茎花囊萼花与囊萼花(Cyrtandromoea grandiflora C.B.Clarke)最为相似,但前者聚伞花序生于老茎上,每一花序3～18朵花,二者容易区别。     

秦岭石蝴蝶人工种群花器变异现象研究

以人工栽培的秦岭石蝴蝶为实验材料,通过观察并记录花器官形态和数目的变化,初步探讨秦岭石蝴蝶花器变异规律,并分析了导致其变异的诱因。结果显示:(1)在观察的1 996朵秦岭石蝴蝶花朵中,发现了17种花冠变异类型、5种萼片变异类型和7种可育雄蕊变异类型,总变异率分别为34.57%、38.38%和32.67%。(2)秦岭石蝴蝶花梗或可分支,花梗苞片数目2～3枚。(3)相关性分析结果表明,下唇数目与可育雄蕊数目呈正相关,相关系数为0.927 4,而上唇数目与可育雄蕊数目呈负相关,相关系数为-0.481 1,结合花型图示分析这可能与秦岭石蝴蝶雄蕊着生于花冠下唇内侧近基部有关。该研究统计的秦岭石蝴蝶变异类型丰富,可能对于今后秦岭石蝴蝶的系统进化、花器官发育、生殖生态以及分子遗传方面研究奠定了基础,也为培育不同观赏价值的品种提供思路。     

蛙病毒同源蛋白RGV-27R和ADRV-85L的表达及其免疫原性分析

沼泽绿牛蛙病毒(Rana grylio virus,RGV)和大鲵蛙病毒(Andrias davidianus ranavirus,ADRV)同属虹彩病毒科(Iridoviridae)蛙病毒属(Ranavirus)成员,是引起水产动物高死亡率的病原。其同源早期蛋白RGV-27R和ADRV-85L与蛙病毒代表株蛙病毒3型(Frog virus 3,FV3)25R基因所编码的大小为31kD的早期蛋白P31K(FV3-P31K)同一性超过99%。我们在观察和比较RGV与ADRV感染大鲵胸腺细胞(Giant salamander thymus cell,GSTC)显微病变的基础上,将ADRV-85L和RGV-27R基因分别克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a与pMAL-p5X中,转化宿主菌E·coli BL21(DE3)并诱导表达,经十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)检测,对这两种蛋白的原核表达及其产物免疫原性进行分析。结果显示这两种基因在载体pET-32a中的表达效率要显著高于pMAL-p5X。随后,取高效诱导表达的pET-32a-RGV-27R产物,经Ni-NTA His-Bind亲和层析分离提纯,获得浓度为1.2 mg/mL的融合蛋白His-RGV-27R,用其免疫动物,制备了抗体27R-Ab,酶联免疫吸附法(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测抗体的效价为1∶6.25×10~6。用经正常大肠杆菌菌液和正常GSTC细胞悬液吸附处理后的抗体作为一抗,对被RGV或ADRV感染的GSTC细胞悬液进行Western Blot检测,并以重组原核质粒表达的融合蛋白His-RGV-27R和HisADRV-85L作为阳性对照,以正常GSTC细胞悬液为阴性对照,分别从RGV或ADRV感染的GSTC细胞悬液中,检出大小同为31kD的特异性蛋白条带。本研究证实两种蛙病毒同源早期蛋白RGV-27R和ADRV-85L不仅都能在两栖动物细胞中表达,且具有相同的抗原特性,这为深入研究这类病毒蛋白对蛙病毒复制的影响及其与宿主相互作用的分子机制提供了实验材料。