金属硫蛋白的功能及应用前景

金属硫蛋白(Mt)是科学家margoshes和vallee发现的,它是一种低分子量,富含半胱氨酸可结合重金属的蛋白质.与调节细胞生长与增殖的金属调节蛋白有关,分布在哺乳动物组织器官中.人们为了能清肿瘤产生的过程,尝试了各种生物标记物,例如,癌基因、p53抑癌基因、waf1蛋白质、多育细胞核抗原、端粒转移酶、小随体标记物.人们发现在人类各种肿瘤中都有分泌Mt,因此它也可以作为生物标记物.人们对Mt的检测是利用免疫组织化学的方法,将肝切片放置在用石蜡密封的冷丙酮中保藏,用抗生物素蛋白链菌素免疫过氧化物酶的方法进行检测.     

昆虫嗅觉神经的计算机三维重建

基于激光扫描共聚焦显微镜平台的计算机三维重建在昆虫嗅觉神经研究中发挥了重要作用。对经荧光标记的神经组织采集系列光学切片并进行三维重建,在双翅目、鳞翅目、膜翅目、蜚蠊目昆虫中均有进展。触角叶是昆虫的初级嗅觉中心,触角叶的解剖学图谱是识别不同种和雌雄虫间嗅球体特定功能的先决条件。了解构成嗅觉传输途径的主要神经元的形态和空间关系是理解气味信息在中枢神经系统编码的基础。三维重建昆虫的嗅觉神经,对于探讨昆虫嗅觉在其寄主选择、觅食以及寻找配偶等行为中的作用具有非常重要的意义。     

福尔马林长时间固定石蜡切片免疫组织化学染色体会

许多标本经过福尔马林长时间固定后，其免疫组织化学染色会具有一定的难度，就此，本人进行了如下总结：（1）切片入二甲苯，37℃，两次，各10min，彻底脱蜡。（2）无水乙醇，两次，各10min。（3）95％、90％、80％酒精各5min。     

组织学与胚胎学优质教学资源开发与建设

组织胚胎学教学目的在于使学生掌握正常人体微细结构以及人体发育过程和机理，为病理学、妇产科学及生殖工程学课程的学习打下基础。在传统教学中，由于受教学条件及资源限制，示教内容多为平面、静止的图片，学生常感抽象和难以理解。为适应教学改革的需要，针对教学中的实际问题，教研室应用Dreanweaver、Frongpage、Flash等软件制作了“组织胚胎学本科网络课程”，为学生提供组织胚胎学的理论全课程CAI课件、实验课组织切片显微镜图、组织切片制作及胚胎发生过程录像、先天畸形标本图片等教学内容丰富、动静并茂教学资源。     

大鼠Y染色体探针的制备与鉴定

目的:研究制备地高辛标记的大鼠性别决定基因Y区(Y染色体,SRY)探针,用于检测雄性大鼠来源的细胞在雌性受鼠体内的SRY基因表达情况.方法:按已知的雄性大鼠Y染色体上性别决定基因(SRY)的序列,请上海博亚公司合成oligoDNA,采用PCR技术连接并扩增,地高辛标记的方法制备基因探针.以雌性大鼠为对照,原位杂交法检测大鼠肾组织切片Y染色体阳性细胞情况.结果:用原位杂交法证实在雄性大鼠肾脏内有SRY表达,而雌性大鼠肾脏无Y染色体阳性细胞,证实这种探针具有较高的敏感性和特异性.结论:大鼠性别决定基因SRY探针的制备成功,为进一步研究异体雄性大鼠细胞移植后的分布和表达提供了实验基础.     

微波快速石蜡切片技术及其在肾穿刺活检中的应用

肾穿刺活检技术推动了肾脏病理的迅速发展,使肾脏病理学整体知识不断更新和提高,为临床诊断和治疗提供了大量的依据.由于肾脏活检组织标本小、切片薄,在固定、脱水、透明、浸蜡、切片及染色等方面均与常规石蜡切片有所不同,其技术要求较高.肾穿刺石蜡切片时间较长,相对制约了急性肾功能衰竭、急进性肾炎、肾移植急性排斥反应等急重症的快速诊断.     

异色瓢虫视觉系统中5-HT阳性神经元的分布

本文运用树脂石蜡（Colophony-Paraffin,CP;专利号：ZL98125709．7）组织包埋切片技术,结合免疫组织化学链酶菌抗生物素蛋白一过氧化物酶（Streptavidin-Peroxidase,SP）双染法,对异色瓢虫视觉系统中5-羟色胺（5-HT）能神经元的分布进行了初步研究。结果显示,异色瓢虫视觉系统的结构及5-HT免疫反应系统相对比较特殊。5-HT阳性神经元胞体数目较少,染色显著,并聚集成群。根据胞体定位、细胞形态及轴突走向,可大体分为5群,其中包括1群呈弱反应的光感细胞。5-HT阳性膨大纤维支配所有的视神经纤维网,并呈柱状或分层排列模式。结果表明5-HT作为经典的神经递质在昆虫的视觉信息处理过程中可能发挥重要的调节作用,且主要以远距离的广域神经调节模式为主,并在特定区域和GABA有伴随现象。此外,昆虫视觉系统中5-HT的含量还可能与其明暗适应的生理调节方式具有相关性[动物学报51（5）：912—918,2005]。     

中国人胃癌染色体17q21区域基因遗传不稳定性研究

To investigate microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of locus D17S396, D17S579 and D17S855, and their effect on the expression of nm23H1 and BRCA1 of gastric cancer, which would provide experimental basis for clinical treatment and prognosis analysis of gastric cancer. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded materials. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) was used to analyze MSI and LOH. Expression of nm23H, and BRCA1 was detected by Envision immuno-histochemistry and Leica-Qwin computer imaging techniques. In the forty cases of gastric cancer, the frequency of MSI, LOH and nm23H1 protein were 20.00%, 17.50% and 55.00% respectively at locus D17S396, while at locus D17S579, the frequency of MSI, LOH and BRCA1 protein were 22.50%, 15.00% and 37.50% respectively; at locus D17S855, the frequency of MSI, LOH and BRCA1 of thirty-seven cases were 18.92%, 18.92%, 37.84% respectively. In tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, at locus D17S396, D17S579 and D17S855, MSI in stages I + II appeared more frequently than that in stages III + IV, while LOH appeared the contrary tendency. In the group of metastasis of gastric cancer, MSI had a less frequency (5.00%) than that with no metastasis (35.00%, P < 0.05) at locus D17S396, but LOH appeared more frequently (30.00%) than that with no metastasis (5.00%, P < 0.05). At locus D17S579, MSI had an increasing tendency with the degree of tumor differentiation (50.00% in high differentiation cases, 20.00% in middle differentiation cases, and 0% in low differentiation cases, P < 0.05). The frequency of nm23H1 and BRCA1 protein in stages TNM I + II was higher than that in stages TNM III + IV; and that in higher differentiation cases was higher than in poor differentiation cases. The frequency of nm23H1 protein in the group of metastasis (30.00%) was less than that with no metastasis significantly (80.00%, P<0.01). The frequency of nm23H1 protein in the group positive to MSI (87.50%) was higher than that in the group negative to MSI (46.88%, P < 0.05). However, nm23H1 protein in group positive to LOH (14.29%) was lower than that in the group negative to LOH (63.64%, P < 0.05). The frequency of BRCA1 protein in the group positive to MSI (66.67%) was more than that in the group negative to MSI (29.03%, P < 0.05). The results of experiments indicate that MSI and LOH may separately control the development of sporadic colon cancer with different pathways. MSI may be an early period molecule marker for sporadic colon cancer, enhanced expression of nm23H1 protein can effectively inhibit colon cancer metastasis and improve prognosis of sporadic colon cancer patients. By comparison, LOH mostly arises in the late period of sporadic colon cancer and endows a high aggressive and poor prognostic phenotype. nm23H1 protein could effectively restrain gastric cancer metastasis and development; and BRCA1 protein could restain tumor from becoming lower differentiation.     

鼎突多刺蚁脑部组织切片方法初探及其脑部结构

膜翅目昆虫蚂蚁具有明显的多态现象,社会性生活中的分工亦非常明确。而作为蚁科中的鼎突多刺蚁还有着较高的药用保健价值。因此对其神经系统的研究有着重要的生物学意义。但蚂蚁脑部坚硬的外骨骼使得对其的组织学切片有一定难度。本试验即对鼎突多刺蚁的脑部组织切片方法进行了摸索和研究。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)胁迫对三疣梭子蟹亚急性毒性

研究不同浓度邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对三疣梭子蟹相关酶活的影响及组织损伤。设置了三个处理浓度(0.03 mg/L、0.2 mg/L和0.4 mg/L)分别在第0、5、10、15、20 d进行取样。结果表明,随着DBP浓度的增大,三疣梭子蟹死亡率升高。在0.03 mg/L浓度组胁迫下,血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性呈现升高-下降交替波动,过氧化物酶(POD)活性在第10 d低于对照组(P<0.05),其余时间与对照组持平,酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性在第5 d较对照组显著升高(P<0.05),此后一直保持对照组水平;在0.2 mg/L浓度组胁迫下,血清SOD活性呈现先升高后下降的趋势,POD活性变化不明显,CAT活性先下降后升高,此后恢复到对照组水平,ACP活性在第15 d出现最高值,其余时间与对照组持平,AKP活性呈现先升高后恢复的波动趋势;0.4 mg/L浓度组SOD、CAT和AKP活性呈现先升高后下降的趋势,POD活性和ACP活性在第20 d较对照组低(P<0.05),其余时间与对照组持平。组织切片观察可见,DBP胁迫损伤了三疣梭子蟹肝胰腺和鳃组织,DBP浓度越大,胁迫时间越长,损伤越明显。