橄榄果实发育过程中细胞壁物质和相关酶活性变化

为了解橄榄(Canarium album)果实质地差异形成的原因,以鲜食型橄榄‘清榄1号’和加工型橄榄‘长营’为材料,对果实发育过程中细胞壁物质含量和相关酶活性进行了测定。结果表明,随着橄榄果实的成熟,‘清榄1号’较‘长营’维持较高的果胶甲酯酶(PME)活性,促进了果胶的水解,离子型果胶(ISP)含量较高而共价型果胶(CSP)含量较低。2个橄榄品种纤维素含量均较高,‘清榄1号’果实的半纤维素含量低于‘长营’。‘清榄1号’木质素含量低于‘长营’,较高的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性促进了木质素含量的增加。因此,ISP、CSP、半纤维素和木质素含量的不同可能是2个橄榄品种果实质地差异形成的原因。     

橄榄种质资源花序表型性状遗传多样性研究

为了解橄榄[Canarium album(Loureiro)Raeuschel]花序表型性状的遗传多样性,对90份橄榄种质资源的花序性状进行观测分析。结果表明,橄榄花序的类型、支轴紧密度、着生位置和花性等表现出较丰富的多样性;从数量性状看,花序花朵数的变异系数最大,其次为支轴花朵数,变异系数最小的是花蕾直径,此外橄榄雄花花序的多样性较雌花丰富。花蕾直径与花瓣长度呈极显著正相关关系,与花序长度、花序支轴数、花序花朵数和支轴花朵数呈极显著负相关。聚类分析结果表明,橄榄种质资源的花序类型可分为3类,大部分雄花和雌花类群间差异较明显。因此,橄榄花序表型性状存在多样性和复杂性,且花序重要单一性状可能影响整体表型。     

油橄榄叶中橄榄苦苷的分离纯化

考察了6种不同大孔树脂对橄榄苦苷的吸附,筛选出吸附选择性好的D101大孔吸附树脂为实验材料.得到的D101大孔树脂的最佳吸附条件:试样上样质量浓度41.06[J].,流速5 mL/min,50％乙醇溶液洗脱,洗脱液用量260mL,树脂可以反复使用.经大孔树脂富集后,橄榄苦苷的纯度可达55％以上,再经葡聚糖凝胶精纯化后,可达76％以上.     

加工因素对橄榄叶提取物抗氧化活性的影响

研究在橄榄叶加工过程中,加工因素对橄榄叶提取物中抗氧化活性的影响,这些因素包括:(1)干燥方式(微波炉干燥,烘箱干燥,低温冷冻干燥和熏蒸及烘箱结合干燥);(2)提取方式(超声波提取和搅拌式提取);(3)提取溶剂的酸度(pH 4、7、10).实验将总多酚含量和清除自由基活性作为衡量提取物抗氧化有效成分和活性的指标.研究结果表明,通过低温冷冻干燥、调节pH至4和采用超声波提取的方式,橄榄叶提取物中的抗氧化有效成分最多.本研究对橄榄叶等天然植物中抗氧化成分提取工艺的制定具有参考价值.     

优良槭树橄榄槭的苗期试验与培育技术

橄榄槭为是我国自然分布的优良乡土槭树之一。通过在南京的引种试验,阐明了其幼苗生长特性,并概括了壮苗培育技术,以期为该种植物的合理开发与利用提供参考。     

Naturally occurring Trichogramma species in olive farms in Egypt

A survey of two-year studies (2001-2003) was carried out in two olive groves sited at two representative olive growing areas, namely Paradise Park (arid area) and Burg E1-Arab farm (semi-arid area) to monitor the frequency of endemic Trichogramma species on olive moth (Prays oleae) and jasmine moth (Palpita unionalis). The suspended host bait traps were found to be a more practical and effective tool for collecting Trichogramma wasps than the attached ones. Four naturally occurring Trichogramma species were collected for the first time in Egypt from the olive groves, where releases have never been conducted. T.bourarachae was collected exclusively from Burg El-Arab farm. It seems that this wasp species adapts well to the semi-arid area. Three species, namely T. cordubensis, T. nr.pretiosum and T. cacociae were isolated from Paradise Park farm. All of these wasps were also bred from naturally parasitized host eggs during favorable and even at unfavorable temperature conditions of June-August. However, these endemic species did not occur naturally in sufficient numbers to keep the pest populations from reaching damaging levels.The excessive usage of insecticides and the oophagous predators (e.g., ants and lacewing larvae) are some factors that affect the performance of Trichogramma wasps in olive farms.The presence of warm weather wasp strains suggests the existence of well-adapted wasp species or swains which may be appropriate candidates for the control of target pests in olive groves. Additional study is required to determine the best “habitat-specific” species/strains of Trichogramma for augmentative release of naturally occurring wasps and to incorporate them into integrated pest management programs. Efforts should be made to conserve these endemic species from oophagous predators, hot weather and insecticides.The olive and jasmine moth-larvae and pupae found under tree canopies were bred and emerged parasitoids were listed.     

橄榄幼树嫁接成活及长势调查研究

调查不同品种、嫁接方法、接穗贮藏时间、接穗老熟度、嫁接天气状况等因素对橄榄幼树嫁接成活率和生长势的影响。结果表明,橄榄幼树嫁接应选晴天,采1－2年生枝在2d内接完,腹接和嵌接方式互有优劣,不同品种嫁接效果差异很大。     

乌榄油的甘油三酯组成的研究

乌榄[Caoarium pimela(Koen.)Leenh.]是橄榄科(Burseraeeae)的一种栽培的经济植物。它盛产我国广东,以果实为主要经济收益。     

橄榄ISSR和RAPD遗传多样性分析和核心种质构建

为揭示中国橄榄(Canarium album)种质资源的遗传多样性,采用ISSR和RAPD标记对橄榄主要分布区的86份种质资源进行遗传多样性分析并构建核心种质.结果表明,基于UPGMA遗传相似系数,86份种质资源可分为3个大类;基于STRUCTURE模型聚类,可分为4个类群,这基本符合橄榄的地域性分布规律.采用ISSR...