西藏锐顶天牛属一新种（鞘翅目：天牛科）

本记述锐顶天牛属一新种，即墨脱锐颚天牛Cleptometopus motuoensis sp．nov．。模式标本保存于西南农业大学植保系昆虫标本馆。     

东方大黄蜂的表皮异源移植试验

将东方大黄蜂（胡蜂）蛹或幼蜂的棕色表皮层连同含有黑色素的皮细胞层、黄色表皮层及相连的产生黄嘌呤的皮细胞层割下，换化后植入原来的黄蜂体上（原来是黄色的部分用棕色替代，棕色的用黄色替代）。然后将蛹放回原来的子脾中，幼蜂放入一特殊的培养皿中，让其复原和发育。共对200个不同时期的蛹和50只幼蜂进行了试验。结果显示，存活的最主要是将羽化的蛹（差1—2天就羽化的蛹），早期的蛹和幼蜂均死亡。总共有约5％的蛹存活，幼蛹无一存活。在存活的蛹中，棕色表皮植入黄色区域中的不但成活了，而且还保留了棕色色彩。相反，黄色表皮在植入到棕色区域的几天后，就丢失了黄色及膜片。经过表皮异源移植的大黄蜂寿命极短，一般仅几星期。羽化后较敏感，攻击性强，但行走、飞行都很正常[动物学报51（6）：1146—1150，2005]。     

神经元激发昆虫的导航系统

一项研究发现,大脑中神经元的地形阵列给蝗虫方向感。许多昆虫把蓝天中的偏振光当作导航的指南信号。Stanley Heinze和UweHomberg发现,当蝗虫通过它们眼中的光受体接受到偏振光后,线性偏振光的电场矢量(E-矢量)的方向在蝗虫大脑中心复合体的柱体中是以一个地形图来代表的。中心     

科学出版社生命科学编辑部新书推介（2006-1月）

《微生物基因组》；《混沌生物学》（生命科学交叉系列）；《数字创世纪：人工生命的新科学》（生命科学交叉系列）；《脑与非线性动力学》（生命科学交叉系列）；《中国遗传伦理的争鸣与探索》（生命科学交叉系列）；     

周尧昆虫分类学奖励基金第十二届评选结果揭晓

周尧昆虫分类学奖励基金2008年度评审和颁奖工作已经圆满结束。经过申请者单位或有关专家推荐,评委会组织专家认真评议,并经基金委员会终审,本年度共评选出获奖人员7名,其中一等奖1名、二等奖1名、     

The relationship between the reduction of nonstructural carbohydrate induced by defoliator and the growth and mortality of trees

Large scale herbivorous insect outbreaks can cause death of regional forests, and the events are expected to be exacerbated with climate change. Mortality of forest and woodland plants would cause a series of serious consequences, such as decrease in vegetation production, shifts in ecosystem structure and function, and transformation of forest function from a net carbon sink into a net carbon source. There is thus a need to better understand the impact of insects on trees. Defoliation by insect pests mainly reduces photosynthesis (source decrease) and increases carbon consumption (sink increase), and hence causes reduction of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC). When the reduction in NSC reaches to a certain level, trees would die of carbon starvation. External environment and internal compensatory mechanisms can also positively or negatively influence the process of tree death. At present, the research of carbon starvation is a hotspot because the increase of tree mortality globally with climate change, and carbon starvation is considered as one of the dominating physiological mechanisms for explaining tree death. In this study, we reviewed the definition of carbon starvation, and the relationships between the reduction of NSC induced by defoliation and the growth and death of trees, and the relationships among insect outbreaks, leaf loss and climate change. We also presented the potential directions of future studies on insect-caused defoliation and tree mortality.     

A NEW RHEOCRICOTOPUS THIENEMANN ＆ HARNISCHIA （DIPTERA： CHIRONOMIDAE） FROM TAIWAN PROVINCE, CHINA

Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) taiwanensis sp. n. from Taiwan, China, is described as male imagines. The species is allied to R. (P.) chalybeatus (Edwards) but it is easily separated from the latter in lacking setae in all reins, much lower AR and more pronounced crista dorsalis in gonostylus. The genus is new to Taiwan Province, China. The specimen is deposited at the Department of Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin.     

动态

我国科学家成功解析SARS冠状病毒进化规律全国防治非典科技攻关组和广东省防治非典科技攻关领导小组 1月30日在广州宣布 ,我国科学家经过 8个月的联合攻关 ,在防治SARS基础理论研究中取得重大突破。1月 2 9日美国《科学》杂志全文公布了中国课题组研究SARS的分子流行病学 ,解析     

藏羚羊基因组微卫星分析与初步验证

为明确藏羚羊Pantholops hodgsoni核DNA中微卫星分布情况和特征,利用MISA工具对藏羚羊基因组进行微卫星扫描。在全长2 696.89 Mb的藏羚羊基因组中,搜索到723 135个微卫星座位,其中完全型微卫星有675 809个。6种重复类型中,单核苷酸重复最多,有471 142个,占69.72%;其次是二核苷酸、三核苷酸,分别为88 832个和86 658个,占13.14%和12.82%;六核苷酸最少,仅215个,约占0.03%。以藏羚羊基因组DNA为模板对微卫星座位进行验证,在100个微卫星座位中筛选到8个具有多态性的微卫星座位,多态比例约为8%。本研究将为研究藏羚羊微卫星标记、群体遗传多样性、藏羚羊保护生物学提供基础。