唐古拉山以北地区生态资产核算

生态系统核算可以为生态文明建设提供定量性的决策依据,包括生态资产核算和生态系统服务核算两个方面,生态资产指生产和提供生态系统产品和服务的生态系统。以唐古拉山以北地区(简称唐北地区)为研究对象对其生态资产进行了核算,建立生态资产实物量及变化核算表、损益表,提出了生态资产综合指数。2015年唐北地区草地生态资产面积为21800.01 km~2,其中良级比重最高达68.46%,湿地生态资产面积为4763.01 km~2,其中优级比例最高为59.72%,野生动植物共有138种,其中重点保护动物10种。2015年唐北地区生态资产综合指数为79.77,比2000年降低了3.60%。2000—2015年,湿地、草地生态资产分别增加了164.23、2.82 km~2。2000—2015年湿地生态资产存量增加202.90 km~2,其中由湿地恢复导致面积增加最大为200.50 km~2,存量减少38.63 km~2,其中湿地退化是导致存量减少的主要原因,面积为36.23 km~2,草地存量增加了39.18 km~2,主要是由于湿地退化导致的草地扩张,存量减少36.26 km~2,主要由湿地恢复和荒漠化引起。研究中不同生态资产质量等级的核算以及生态资产综合指数的提出利于生态资产的全面核算和比较,对于建立离任责任制、生态文明建设意义重大。     

ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸对母婴健康结局影响的研究进展

综述了国内外研究中ω-3 PUFAs补充与妊娠期间母婴健康结局的关系以及目前推荐摄入的国家的现状和推荐后所带来的健康效益，为我国妇女在妊娠期间是否需要补充剂ω-3 PUFAs以及其推荐摄入量提供科学依据。     

抗原修复技术在免疫组织化学中的作用

免疫组织化学是一门免疫学与病理形态学相结合的新兴学科 ,是现代生物医学的一项重要方法学 ,具有操作简单、敏感性高、特异性强等特点 ,已经广泛应用于临床病理及其相关学科的研究之中 [1,2 ] 。目前采用甲醛为常规标本固定剂 ,醛基与组织蛋白质中的氨基形成交联使抗原决定簇被遮蔽 ,从而影响免疫组织化学结果 ,而且这种作用随着固定时间增长而加重 [3 ]。抗原修复技术的出现 ,使得原来许多只能在冰冻切片作免疫组织化学得以在石蜡切片上实现 ,抗原修复技术在免疫组织化学中的作用愈加明显 ,并且对免疫组织化学方法的敏感性起着决定性作用[…     

2002-2009年徐州市14家医疗卫生机构获市科技进步奖统计分析

目的 通过对医疗卫生机构2002-2009年获科技进步奖情况的统计分析,客观评价卫生机构科研工作的优势及问题,为进一步促进卫生科研工作提供借鉴. 方法 通过查阅徐州市科技局科技进步奖成果档案及各单位科技档案,对医疗卫生机构获徐州市科技进步奖的等级、研究类型等情况进行统计分析. 结果 2002-2009年14家医疗卫生机构获徐州市科技进步奖239项,呈逐年增长之势,特别是近4年明显上升.学科分布以基础医学、临床医学成果为主. 结论 在成果数量增加的同时更应该注重成果的含金量；应加强学科建设及各重点学科间的联合,获取大成果.     

弥散神经内分泌系统

概括地介绍了弥散神经内分泌系统的组成，结构和产物，发挥作用的方式。还阐明了神经系统和胃肠胰内分泌之间可能存在某种内在联系，心血管与血细胞具有重要的内分泌功能。指出某些疾病和肿瘤与弥散神经内分泌系统有重要关系。     

Effects of grazing intensity and grazing exclusion on litter decomposition in the temperate steppe of Nei Mongol,China

Aims Grazing intensity and grazing exclusion affect ecosystem carbon cycling by changing the plant community and soil micro-environment in grassland ecosystems. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the effects of grazing intensity and grazing exclusion on litter decomposition in the temperate grasslands of Nei Mongol; 2) to compare the difference between above-ground and below-ground litter decomposition; 3) to identify the effects of precipitation on litter production and decomposition. Methods We measured litter production, quality, decomposition rates and soil nutrient contents during the growing season in 2011 and 2012 in four plots, i.e. light grazing, heavy grazing, light grazing exclusion and heavy grazing exclusion. Quadrate surveys and litter bags were used to measure litter production and decomposition rates. All data were analyzed with ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation procedures in SPSS. Important findings Litter production and decomposition rates differed greatly among four plots. During the two years of our study, above-ground litter production and decomposition in heavy-grazing plots were faster than those in light-grazing plots. In the dry year, below-ground litter production and decomposition in light-grazing plots were faster than those in heavy-grazing plots, which is opposite to the findings in the wet year. Short-term grazing exclusion could promote litter production, and the exclusion of light-grazing could increase litter decomposition and nutrient cycling. In contrast, heavy-grazing exclusion decreased litter decomposition. Thus, grazing exclusion is beneficial to the restoration of the light-grazing grasslands, and more human management measures are needed during the restoration of heavy-grazing grasslands. Precipitation increased litter production and decomposition, and below-ground litter was more vulnerable to the inter-annual change of precipitation than above-ground litter. Compared to the light-grazing grasslands, heavy-grazing grasslands had higher sensitivity to precipitation. The above-ground litter decomposition was strongly positively correlated with the litter N content (R² = 0.489, p < 0.01) and strongly negatively correlated with the soil total N content (R² = 0.450, p < 0.01), but it was not significantly correlated with C:N and lignin:N. Below-ground litter decomposition was negatively correlated with the litter C (R² = 0.263, p < 0.01), C:N (R² = 0.349, p < 0.01) and cellulose content (R² = 0.460, p < 0.01). Our results will provide a theoretical basis for ecosystem restoration and the research of carbon cycling.     

Effects of peach branches returning on autotoxins and microbes in soil and tree growth of peaches

Aims This study aimed to investigate the effects of branch returning on the growth of peach (Amygdalus persica "Chunmei/Maotao") saplings, soil enzyme activity, and soil contents of phenolic acids and amygdalin, thereby providing scientific evidence against the application of branch returning for peach trees. Methods One-year-old potted peach tree (Amygdalus persica "Chunmei/Maotao") was used in this study with four agricultural treatments applied, including soil coverage by fragmented peach tree branches (fragment treatment;1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1) and applying leachate solutions of peach tree branches to soil (leachate treatment; 1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1). No branch addition was used as control (CK). Solid phase extraction, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), biological high-throughput sequencing was used to determine the content of autotoxic substances, and microbial community structure in soil. Soil coverage and leachate solution treatments of 30 g and 450 g branches applied to the peach trees were described as 1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1, respectively in this paper.Important findings Compared with CK, the phenolic acid and amygdalin contents significantly increased after both fragment and leachate treatments in high quantities (22.5 g·kg^-1). Soil microbial community structure altered in both treatments, with the proportion of fungi (particularly Agaricomycetes, Tubeufia and Cystofilobasidiaceae) increased significantly and bacteria decreased accordingly. Invertase activity in both high-quantity treatments exceeded that in the CK significantly. The activity of catalase and urease was higher at first and then decreased relative to CK under high-quantity fragment and leachate treatments. Specifically, the effect of leachate treatment on enzyme activity was higher than the fragment treatment in the short term. Chlorophyll content, ground diameter (diameter of 5 cm from the ground) growth and net photosynthesis rate of plants were lower in high-quantity fragment and leachate treatments than those in CK, with earlier retardation of new shoot growth. We observed an increase in soil phenolic acids and enzymes in treatments in normal pruning quantity, while no inhibition effect was found on the tree growth. In conclusion, autotoxins (such as phenolic acid and amygdalin) inhibited the growth of peach trees both directly and indirectly through changing soil enzyme activity and microbial community.     

依赖于微环境的TGFβ信号

转化生长因子β（transforming growth factor β，TGFβ）家族成员是一类分泌的细胞因子，在胚胎发育、免疫调节、伤口修复、细胞增殖和抑制等过程中发挥重要作用。其中,TGFβ1、TGFβ2和TGFβ3在进化上最晚出现，并以潜伏态分泌。有别于家族中的大多数成员，TGFβ1-3的信号具有时空区域性，并依赖于其所处的微环境。阐明依赖于微环境的TGFβ信号的多层次调控机制对于理解TGFβ信号在免疫、癌症等生理、病理条件下的功能，以及开发临床治疗策略具有重要意义。本文从TGFβ前体复合物的结构入手，并从TGFβ的激活，配体-受体识别，跨膜信号传导及转录调控等方面，论述依赖于微环境的TGFβ信号的调控机制，同时讨论肿瘤微环境中多效的TGFβ信号，进而对今后的研究方向进行展望。     

特色学科助跑浙江经济

按照十二五规划,杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院凝练出5个特色(优势)学科,分述如下:湿地生态学2005年,学院生态学科部分教师参与杭州西溪湿地一期工程规划设计等工作;2008年,匡廷云院士加盟杭州师大,明确学院研究工作重心向湿地倾斜;2009年,