AMPK调控内质网应激抵抗COPD大鼠肺泡上皮细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的:初步探讨AMPK在内质网应激所致COPD大鼠肺泡上皮细胞凋亡中所起的作用及机制。方法:实验分三组:对照组,COPD模型组,AICAR干预组,以香烟烟雾烟熏加气管内滴注脂多糖方法构建COPD大鼠模型,取大鼠肺组织行HE染色病理观察,免疫组化,western blot检测p-AMPK/AMPK,ORP150,caspase-3及CHOP表达,TUNEL法检测各组凋亡情况。结果:病理HE染色提示模型组大量炎症细胞浸润,肺大疱形成,支气管壁发生狭窄;AICAR干预组炎症细胞较模型组减少。与正常对照组相比,免疫组化及western blot均提示模型组中p-AMPK和ORP150蛋白表达含量增强,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。而AICAR干预组中p-AMPK/AMPK及ORP150蛋白表达较模型组明显上升,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。内质网应激相关凋亡指标CHOP及caspase-3的表达在模型组明显增强,较正常组比较差异有显著性(P0.05),而AICAR组中凋亡指标较模型组明显下调。结论:AMPK可以保护肺泡上皮细胞免于香烟烟雾所致内质网应激凋亡,且有可能通过增加ORP150来实现其保护作用。     

Cloning of heat shock protein genes from the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens,and the small brown planthopper,Laodelphax striatellus,and their expression in relation to thermal stress

Three heat shock protein （HSP） genes （hsp70, hsc70, hsp90） were partially cloned from the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus （Homoptera： Delphacidae）, which are serious pests of the rice plant. Sequence comparisons at the deduced amino acid level showed that the three HSPs of planthoppers were most homologous to corresponding HSPs of dipteran and lepidopteran species. Identities of both heat shock cognate 70 and HSP90 were higher than HSP70 in both species. Identity of the HSP70 between the two planthopper species was only 81%, a value much lower than seen among fly and moth groups. Effects of heat and cold shocks were demonstrated on expression of the three hsp genes in the two planthopper species. Heat shock （40 ℃） upregulated the hsp90 level but did not change the hsc70 level in either the nymph and adult stages of either species. On the other hand, the hsp70 level was only upregulated in L. striatellus. This heat shock response was prompt and lasted only for 1 h after treatment. In contrast, cold shock at 4℃ did not change the expression levels of any hsp in either species.     

大鼠慢性多重应激模型的建立

目的:建立大鼠慢性多重应激模型,为研究应激性疾病提供实验模型.方法:健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为模型组(n=10)和对照组(n=10).模型组采用脉冲随机变动的噪声、夜间光照、足底电击以及强迫游泳和束缚的复合刺激为应激源,对大鼠实施刺激,观察行为变化,检测心率、血压、体重增长速率、食物利用率,测定血清ACTH和皮质酮并进行分析.结果:慢性多重应激大鼠由实验之初的兴奋状态逐渐进入抑制状态,血压心率上升,体重增长缓慢,食物利用率降低,血清ACTH和皮质酮增高.结论:慢性多重应激大鼠一般行为、基本生理体征和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴(HPA)功能发生改变,应激反应处于持续亢奋状态,该模型是较稳定较理想的应激模型.     

抗氧化剂在糖尿病中的应用研究进展

氧化应激是自由基的促氧化与机体的抗氧化失衡造成的.自由基的高反应活性可以使细胞组分发生化学变化,并导致脂质过氧化.越来越多的证据表明:糖尿病患者体内活性氧物质明显增多,并且抗氧化防御系统功能紊乱.抗氧化剂可以降低糖尿病患者体内的氧化应激水平,清除自由基并改善抗氧化防御体系,所以将抗氧化剂应用于糖尿病是可行的.许多抗氧化剂已经用于糖尿病的研究与治疗,本文主要将作用于糖尿病的各种抗氧化剂做一综述.     

Calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase OsCIPK23 functions in pollination and drought stress responses in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

Droughtis very harmful to grain yield due to its adverse effect on reproduction,especially on pollination proeess in rice.However,the molecular basis of such an effect still remains largely unknown.Here,wereport the role of amember of CBL(Calcineurin B-Like)Interacting Protein Kinase(CIPK)family,OsCIPK23,in pollination and stress responses in dee.Molecular analyses revealed that it is mainly expressed in pistil and anther but up-regulated by pollination,as well as by treatments of various abiotic stresses and phytohormones.RNA interference-mediated suppression of OsCIPK23 expression significantly reduced seed set and conferred a hypersensitive response to drought stress,indicating its possible roles in pollination and drought stress.In consistent,overexpression of OsCIPK23 induced the expression of seVeral drought tolerance related genes.Taken together,these results indicate that OsCIPK23 is a multistress induced gene and likely mediatesa signaling pathway commonly shared by both pollination and drought stress responses in rice.     

跨膜转录因子Nrf1的生物学功能研究进展*

跨膜转录因子Nrf1是CNC-bZIP家族中的重要成员,在维持细胞内氧化还原平衡、蛋白质稳态、内质网与线粒体稳定等功能中具有重要作用.在小鼠不同的组织器官中敲除Nrf1后会导致多种疾病,如非酒精性脂肪肝、神经退行性疾病、糖尿病等.近几年来,随着多种动物模型的运用及临床上的发现,Nrf1的新功能逐渐被揭示,尤其是参与棕色脂肪组织生热适应(冷适应)、胆固醇代谢、糖代谢、内质网应激以及先天性去糖基化疾病发生等过程.因此,为更好地理解Nrf1的作用,本文对其生物学功能进行了简要综述.     

高Fe2+ 对水稻离体根边缘细胞的影响

以水稻"汕优10号"为试验材料,悬空气培法获得根边缘细胞,研究水稻边缘细胞的数量、活性和脱离根冠后对高Fe2 的响应过程.结果显示,水稻根长为1 mm时,就形成了205个边缘细胞,随着根的伸长数目不断增加,根长25 mm时,边缘细胞数目最大;根长20 mm时边缘细胞活性最大;根长2 mm时,根冠果胶甲基酯酶(Pectin methyl esterase, PME)活性最高,水稻边缘细胞的形成与根冠PME活性相关.高Fe2 对离体边缘细胞有毒害效应,用浓度为200 μmol·L-1的Fe2 溶液处理48 h后,细胞活性比对照下降了72.70%, 但用400 μmol·L-1 Fe2 溶液处理时,细胞活性有所回升,这可能是边缘细胞耐铁毒的一种应激性反应;根冠PME活性随着Fe2 浓度的增加先上升后下降,表明根冠PME活性与植物铁毒有关.     

早期社会隔离对雌性ICR小鼠焦虑水平、社会行为及神经内分泌的影响

许多证据表明早期生活应激会影响动物成年后的行为和神经化学改变,然而该过程的机制还不完全清楚。脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、催产素(OT)和糖皮质激素受体(GR)参与对应激的神经适应性反应。本实验将出生3 d后的雌性ICR小鼠幼仔每日隔离3 h直至出生21 d,在60日龄时检测其焦虑水平、社会行为及血清中皮质酮(CORT)和OT的水平,同时检测了中枢BDNF、OT和GR的阳性神经元表达。结果表明,与对照组相比,早期隔离组小鼠的焦虑水平增加,运动性和社会行为减少,同时血清中CORT水平上升、海马CA1和CA2/3区的BDNF及GR的阳性神经元表达下降,下丘脑室旁核和视上核的OT阳性神经元表达减少。这些结果表明,早期社会隔离下调了BDNF、OT和GR的水平,并通过调制应激系统影响雌性ICR小鼠的情绪与社会行为。