太湖现生介形虫

分别于1989年和2004年两次共采集了43个太湖表层沉积物样品,检查发现其中的34个样品中含有现生介形虫,共计12属15种,其中Dolerocypria taalensis,Fabae formiscandona cf.fabaeformis,Physocypria kraepelini和Darwinula stevensoni等4个种最为常见和数量最多,构成了太湖现生介形虫群中的优势成分。长期以来,国内有学者将水体矿化度180mg／l作为介形虫生存的低极限值,由此认为矿化度低于此值的太湖等水体中不存在介形虫(杨留法,1986,1992)。本次调查和国外的相关资料证明,淡水介形虫可以在矿化度低于180mg／l的水体中生存。     

中国齿隐翅虫属斑齿隐翅虫亚属(鞘翅目,隐翅虫科,筒隐翅虫亚科)分类学研究

齿隐翅虫属Priochirus种类多见于腐木树皮下,是重要的腐木甲虫.其中斑齿隐翅虫亚属的物种比较稀少,目前全世界仅记录3种.本文记述产于我国云南的齿隐翅虫属斑齿隐翅虫亚属1新种,硕斑齿隐翅虫Priochirus(Stigma-tochirus)magnificus sp.nov,及1新纪录种,阿斑齿隐翅虫Priochirus(Stigmatochirus)abori Bernhauer.文中物种检索表包括了世界现有的3种及新种共4个种.所有标本材料(包括所有模式标本)都保存在中国科学院动物研究所.     

中国颚毛(虫兆)属二新种(弹尾目,疣(虫兆)科)

记述了采白海南和浙江省的弹尾目疣[虫兆]科颚毛[虫兆]属Crossodonthina Yosii,2新种,海南颚毛yao C．hainana sp．nov．和天童颚毛yao C．tiantongshana sp．nov．。海南颚毛[虫兆]头部每侧有眼2个,弹器痕上有6根刚毛,非常容易与本属其它已知种类分开。天童颚毛[虫兆]与上海产的Crossodonthina tridentiens Yue＆Yin,1999相似,两者的主要区别是：新种的上颚有两条长的、羽毛状分支和具5齿的片状突起,且基部齿长而细;下颚的内颚叶端部及近基部各有1齿;新种腹部第5节有3＋3个疣状突起,而C．tridentiens有2＋2个疣状突起;新种的爪部内侧有2个小齿,1个大齿,C．tridentiens只有1大齿。模式标本保存于上海生命科学研究院,植物生理生态所昆虫标本馆。     

杀虫双对梭毒隐翅虫捕食功能的影响

梭毒隐翅虫Paederus fuscipes Curtis是一种重要的天敌昆虫.在室内条件下,采用浸渍法测定了18%高效杀虫双在田间常用最低浓度时,对梭毒隐翅虫成虫死亡率和捕食功能的影响.试验结果表明,18%高效杀虫双对梭毒隐翅虫的致死作用及捕食功能影响均较小,但对残存个体捕食功能的影响超过致死作用.     

华球角(虫兆)属Chinogastrura中国一新种(弹尾目:球角(虫兆)科)

本文讨论了华球角[虫兆]属并描述江苏1新种：五齿华球角[虫兆]Chinogastrura quinidentis,sp.nov．。该种与分布在中国和日本的Ch．duplwispinosa（Yosii）,1954最为接近,如具4个臀刺、相似的角后器和弹器的端节等,但在握弹器、弹器基和齿节以及触角上的毛序等方面有别于后者。 正模：♂,江苏南京南京大学校园,1990-Ⅱ-26,采集号8118,KennethA．Christiansen采;副模：2多♂♂和2♀♀,同正模。模式标本保存在南京大学生物科学与技术系。     

植物耐虫性的研究方法

本文介绍了植物耐虫性的研究方法, 包括植物功能损失指数(耐虫指数)、产量损失率、植株被害率、存活率、根系体积(受害程度)、植株和害虫干重、叶片叶绿素荧光特性、保护酶活性和主茎伤流液量等生理生化指标以及害虫的种群发展和取食行为等方法, 并提出植物耐虫性机理的研究思路和方向。     

Population dynamics of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis （Diptera： Tephritidae） in the Kunming area,southwestern China

Population dynamics of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel （Diptera： Tephritidae） were studied through pheromone trapping over 4 years （1997, 1999, 2000, 2003） in the Kunming region, a high plateau area in southwestern China. B. dorsalis immigrates from southern Yunnan to Kunming each year, and occurs during early May through November. Annual trap captures recorded an increase in the B. dorsalis populations from May to July, when they peaked in abundance, and a decline until November. No flies were detected from November to April. The fruit flies had two generations. There was considerable overlapping due to the continuous arrival of immigrating flies during the summer months. Annual capture rates were significantly related to numbers of flies caught in July when peak captures were recorded; whereas the peak captures, in turn, positively depended on numbers of flies recorded in May, the first month of fly appearance in the current year. It suggested that the annual population abundance was mainly dependent on the size of the initial emigrating population. A daily average temperature of 18℃ was probably the threshold temperature required for the flies to undertake long-range dispersal, which partially explained the start of the fly in May each year on this high plateau. Under field conditions, the fruit flies can withstand 13℃ as a daily average temperature. No flies were recorded in any of the study years at a daily temperature colder than 10 ℃.