人类情绪或可影响干细胞生长

<正>南方医科大学南方医院杨默课题组发现,影响人类情绪和抑郁症的血清素与骨髓干细胞的生长分化及移植有密切关系。相关成果近日发表在《干细胞》杂志上。课题组根据研究结果提出:影响人类情绪与抑郁症的血清素与骨髓干细胞的生长分化及移植有密切关系。情绪低落可导致血清素下降,引起干细胞功能受损,影响损伤细胞修复和血细胞再生,从而影响身体免疫功能。这是医学界首次从科学角度证实人类情绪与干细胞生长之间     

中脑-纹状体多巴胺可塑性:肥胖相关体力活动不足的重要机制

对高热量食物的过度摄取与体力活动不足(physical inactivity)是肥胖呈爆发式增长的重要原因,其中体力活动不足与心肺耐力下降及全因死亡率的增长还存在密切的关系。尽管人们已认识到肥胖者应该通过增加体力活动水平降低心血管病风险,但由于目前对肥胖相关体力活动不足的分子生物学机制了解有限,导致难以采取行之有效的措施。近年来,国内外的研究开始关注中脑多巴胺(dopamine,DA)系统功能障碍与肥胖相关体力活动不足的关系,认为中脑-纹状体多巴胺系统参与了肥胖的形成,其功能可塑性与肥胖相关体力活动不足有关,中脑-纹状体多巴胺神经元可能成为运动干预肥胖的重要靶点。本文就这一领域的研究现状做一综述,为揭示肥胖的发生及运动防治肥胖的神经生物学机制提供理论参考。     

福州"水环境"调研活动

福州市水环境调研活动”参与学生人数多,科技含量高,与生活实际关系密切,社会反响好,是我们举办青少年科技活动的成功案例之一。1课题背景水是生命之源,“水环境”是人类赖以生存的自然环境的重要组成部分,其意义不一而足,现在水质问题越来越成为人们关注的社会热点问题。福州地处闽江、乌龙江两江之滨,湖泊、水库众多,江河纵横,我校门口就有一条市区内河缓缓流过,天天陪伴着我们的学习生活,这些都为我们开展该课题活动提供了社会的和自然的有利条件。2活动目的2.1使学生亲身体验及学会科学考察的一般过程和方法。2.2了解环境科学特别是水质…     

人类有3种不同肠道菌群类型

欧洲分子生物学实验室（EMBL）以及国际MetaHIT联合会的科学家发现，人体肠道中微生物的组合并不是随机的，人类的肠道菌群可以分成3种不同的类型。     

人类胎儿的性别选择属自然选择

现代人类的祖先在数百万年的演化史中，不断为适应自然，逐渐地向现代人进化。     

Effects of grazing intensity and grazing exclusion on litter decomposition in the temperate steppe of Nei Mongol,China

Aims Grazing intensity and grazing exclusion affect ecosystem carbon cycling by changing the plant community and soil micro-environment in grassland ecosystems. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the effects of grazing intensity and grazing exclusion on litter decomposition in the temperate grasslands of Nei Mongol; 2) to compare the difference between above-ground and below-ground litter decomposition; 3) to identify the effects of precipitation on litter production and decomposition. Methods We measured litter production, quality, decomposition rates and soil nutrient contents during the growing season in 2011 and 2012 in four plots, i.e. light grazing, heavy grazing, light grazing exclusion and heavy grazing exclusion. Quadrate surveys and litter bags were used to measure litter production and decomposition rates. All data were analyzed with ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation procedures in SPSS. Important findings Litter production and decomposition rates differed greatly among four plots. During the two years of our study, above-ground litter production and decomposition in heavy-grazing plots were faster than those in light-grazing plots. In the dry year, below-ground litter production and decomposition in light-grazing plots were faster than those in heavy-grazing plots, which is opposite to the findings in the wet year. Short-term grazing exclusion could promote litter production, and the exclusion of light-grazing could increase litter decomposition and nutrient cycling. In contrast, heavy-grazing exclusion decreased litter decomposition. Thus, grazing exclusion is beneficial to the restoration of the light-grazing grasslands, and more human management measures are needed during the restoration of heavy-grazing grasslands. Precipitation increased litter production and decomposition, and below-ground litter was more vulnerable to the inter-annual change of precipitation than above-ground litter. Compared to the light-grazing grasslands, heavy-grazing grasslands had higher sensitivity to precipitation. The above-ground litter decomposition was strongly positively correlated with the litter N content (R² = 0.489, p < 0.01) and strongly negatively correlated with the soil total N content (R² = 0.450, p < 0.01), but it was not significantly correlated with C:N and lignin:N. Below-ground litter decomposition was negatively correlated with the litter C (R² = 0.263, p < 0.01), C:N (R² = 0.349, p < 0.01) and cellulose content (R² = 0.460, p < 0.01). Our results will provide a theoretical basis for ecosystem restoration and the research of carbon cycling.