微卫星DNA检测方法的研究

在检测牙鲆的微卫星变异时,对聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的种类、浓度及其银染方法进行了优化.实验总结了一套适用于微卫星检测的方法.该方法具有灵敏度高、凝胶透明度高、对环境污染小、条带清晰和染色时间短等特点,能显著提高检测分辨率,具有广泛的推广价值.     

Distribution,community characteristics and classification of Stipa tianschanica var. klemenzii steppe in China

Stipa tianschanica var. klemenzii steppe is the most typical formation of desert steppe in China. Based on the primary plots data obtained from fieldworks during the growing seasons from 2010 to 2016 as well as some earlier records, we studied the Stipa tianschanica var. klemenzii steppe across China systematically, including the eco-geographical distributions, community characteristics and classifications. The results showed that S. tianschanica var. klemenzii steppe distributed mainly on the Ulan Qab Plateau and western Xilin Gol Plateau. Due to the arid biotope of S. tianschanica var. klemenzii steppe, quantitative characteristics of the assemblage including height, coverage, biomass and species richness were normally lower than that of most Stipa formations in Eurasian steppe region. Moreover, 165 seed plants belonging to 85 genera and 29 families were recorded in the 80 study sites, in which rare species (occurrence frequency <20%) made up 87% of the total plants while common species and constant species could only be found occasionally. Species with the occurrence frequency exceeding 50% included S. tianschanica var. klemenzii, Convolvulus ammannii, Cleistogenes songorica, Allium tenuissimum. In addition, Hemicryptophyte and therophyte were the two dominant life forms, covering 55% and 20% of the species, respectively. As for the ecological type of water, typical xerophytes accounted for 47% of all species which is followed by super-xerophytes and meso-xerophytes. Middle Asian areal-type and east Palaeo-North areal-type were the two major floristic elements, containing 37% and 26% of the species, respectively. Based on the life forms and dominances of the species within the community, S. tianschanica var. klemenzii steppe in China could be classified into 6 association groups, 29 associations.     

广州市蕨类植物物种多样性研究

依据文献、标本与野外调查,简要回顾了历史上记录的广州蕨类植物,阐明了广州目前分布的蕨类植物的种类、区系特点、生态与地理分布、以及珍稀蕨类植物的种类与保护现状.广州地区有蕨类植物37科82属176种,其中乔芒萁(Dicranopteris gigantea)、刺边膜蕨(Hymenophyllm spinosum)和裸果鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris gymnosora)为广东分布新记录.广州蕨类植物区系以金星蕨科(Thelypteridaceae)、鳞毛蕨科(Dryopteridaceae)、水龙骨科(Polypo-diaceae)、蹄盖蕨科(Athyriaceae)和风尾蕨科(Pteridaceae)的植物最为丰富,没有本地特有种,亚洲热带亚热带分布成分和东亚分布成分占绝对优势.这176种蕨类植物中,约80%的种类生活在密林阴湿生境,约20%生活在疏林或灌草丛干旱生境,只有2种水生蕨类植物.在水平分布上,广州蕨类植物呈北多南少的分布格局,约90%的种类汇集在广州东北部的从化山区,74种在广州仅见于该山区.从物种多度上看,个体数量多(Cop2)的有33种,尚多(Cop1)的有48种,稀少(Sp)的有53种,很少(So1)的有41种.华南马尾杉(Phlegmariurus austrosbzicus)、福建观音座莲(Angiopteris fokiensis)、刺边膜蕨(Hymenophy llum spmosum)、粗齿桫椤(Alsophila denticulata)、小黑桫椤(A.m etteniana)、黑桫椤(A.podophylla)、桫椤(A.spinulosa)、水蕨(Ceratopteris thdictroides)、羽裂叶双盖蕨(Diplazium tomitaroanum)、闽浙圣蕨(Dictyocline mingchegensts)、微毛凸轴蕨(Metathelypteris adscendens)、峨眉茯蕨(Leptogramma scdlanll)、苏铁蕨(Brainea insignis)、珠芽狗脊(Woodwardia prolifera)和黑鳞复叶耳蕨(Arachniodes nigrospinosa)等15种被评估为广州的珍稀植物,它们亟待有效的保护.     

原发性肝癌患者乙型肝炎病毒前C区联合基本核心启动子变异的分析

目的:研究原发性肝癌患者乙型肝炎病毒前C区联合基本核心启动子变异情况及与基因型的关系.方法:收集乙型肝病毒感染者血清132份,HBV DNA均阳性,用半巢式聚合酶链反应扩增HBV前C及c基因部分片段,产物纯化后直接测序,检测前C A1896联合BCP T1762/A1764变异.用S基因PCR-RFLP方法确定HBV基因型.结果:乙型肝炎病毒前C区联合基本核心启动子变异在原发性肝癌组的阳性率为41.18%(14/34),显著高于慢性肝病组的11.22%(11/98)(P<0.01).前CA1896联合BCP T1762/A1764变异在B基因型检出率与C基因型相比,差异无显著性(P>0.05).结论:乙型肝炎病毒前C区联合基本核心启动子变异与原发性肝癌关系密切,与基因型无相关性.     

基因组中重复序列的意义

从原核生物到真核生物,其基因组中的重复序列呈递增趋势.重复序列的作用也被各种实验所揭示.各种重复序列的类型与它在染色体上的分布密切相关.重复序列不是垃圾,而是影响着生命的进化、遗传、变异;同时它对基因表达、转录调控、染色体的构建以及生理代谢都起着不可或缺的作用.它们的功能及演化也正在被逐步阐明.     

基于Rag1基因序列变异的鲤形目鱼类系统发育重建:采样策略对生命之树的影响

The phylogenetic relationships of species are fundamental to any biological investigation, including all evolutionary studies. Accurate inferences of sister group relationships provide the researcher with an historical framework within which the attributes or geographic origin of species (or supraspecific groups) evolved. Taken out of this phylogenetic context, interpretations of evolutionary processes or origins, geographic distributions, or speciation rates and mechanisms, are subject to nothing less than a biological experiment without controls. Cypriniformes is the most diverse clade of freshwater fishes with estimates of diversity of nearly 3,500 species. These fishes display an amazing array of morphological, ecological, behavioral, and geographic diversity and offer a tremendous opportunity to enhance our understanding of the biotic and abiotic factors associated with diversification and adaptation to environments. Given the nearly global distribution of these fishes, they serve as an important model group for a plethora of biological investigations, including indicator species for future climatic changes. The occurrence of the zebrafish, Danio rerio, in this order makes this clade a critical component in understanding and predicting the relationship between mutagenesis and phenotypic expressions in vertebrates, including humans. With the tremendous diversity in Cypriniformes, our understanding of their phylogenetic relationships has not proceeded at an acceptable rate, despite a plethora of morphological and more recent molecular studies. Most studies are pre-Hennigian in origin or include relatively small numbers of taxa. Given that analyses of small numbers of taxa for molecular characters can be compromised by peculiarities of long-branch attraction and nodal-density effect, it is critical that significant progress in our understanding of the relationships of these important fishes occurs with increasing sampling of species to mitigate these potential problems. The recent Cypriniformes Tree of Life initiative is an effort to achieve this goal with morphological and molecular (mitochondrial and nuclear) data. In this early synthesis of our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of these fishes, all types of data have contributed historically to improving our understanding, but not all analyses are complementary in taxon sampling, thus precluding direct understanding of the impact of taxon sampling on achieving accurate phylogenetic inferences. However, recent molecular studies do provide some insight and in some instances taxon sampling can be implicated as a variable that can influence sister group relationships. Other instances may also exist but without inclusion of more taxa for both mitochondrial and nuclear genes, one cannot distinguish between inferences being dictated by taxon sampling or the origins of the molecular data.     

四川省名山县蒙顶山区有瓣蝇类调查

用网捕法对四川名山蒙顶山山区有瓣蝇类进行了调查,共采集成蝇标本18873只,隶属7科19亚科62属132种,其中古北区+东洋区种占34.8%,东洋区种占29.5%,特有种占9.8%,跨多区种占25.9%.紫翠蝇Neomyia gavisa,肥躯金蝇Chysomya pinguis及反吐丽蝇Calliphora vomitoria为该山区优势种,其构成比分别为24.4%、19.8%和11.2%;毛胫厕蝇Fannia hirtitibia等13种为当地特产种.紫翠蝇Neomyia gavisa、巨尾阿丽蝇Aldrichina grahami、反吐丽蝇Calliphora vomitoria及紫绿蝇Lucilia porphyrina常年均可见成蝇出没.     

濒危植物永瓣藤叶片功能性状对环境因子的响应

植物叶片功能性状能够响应环境条件的变化，反应了植物对环境的适应策略。当前，针对藤本植物叶片功能性状地理格局及其环境驱动力的研究较少。以国家重点保护植物永瓣藤（Monimopetalum chinense）为研究对象，对其分布区内11个种群的15个叶片功能性状进行测量，并结合气候、土壤因子来解释叶性状变异。比较叶片性状在局域和区域尺度上的种内变异程度，利用多元逐步回归分析环境因子对叶性状的影响。结果表明，在局域尺度上，永瓣藤叶功能性状变异系数介于3.0%-22.5%，其中，叶面积变异程度最大，叶片碳含量变异最小。永瓣藤叶片形状随纬度上升而变得宽且圆。叶片磷含量相对较低，永瓣藤的生长可能受到了磷限制。土壤与气候因子是叶片性状的重要驱动因素，解释了25%-97%的叶片性状变异。在温度和水分充足的情况下，永瓣藤叶片趋向于的慢速生长的保守策略。总体来说，永瓣藤叶片功能性状通过一定的种内变异和性状组合，并与气候、土壤因子相互作用，适应当前的环境条件。     

黄连素对变异链球菌抑制作用的体外研究

目的分析黄连素对体外变异链球菌生长、产酸、粘附的影响,探讨其防龋作用。方法采用微量肉汤稀释法进行最小抑菌浓度(MIC)的测定;然后通过试管粘附法测定不同浓度药液对变异链球菌粘附作用的影响;最后计算不同浓度药液作用24h后pH值的变化。结果黄连素对变异链球菌的MIC为1.25mg/mL,MBC为5.00mg/mL。实验组对变异链球菌的粘附及产酸的抑制作用随着药物浓度的增加而增强,与阴性对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论黄连素可抑制体外变异链球菌的生长、产酸及粘附。