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1.
通过盆栽试验,评价栎属植物在铅锌尾矿中的生长响应及植被恢复前景.分析比较了覆瓦栎、猩红栎、樱皮栎、舒玛栎和白栎5种栎树幼苗在铅锌矿砂中生长30个月后的生物量、根系形态及其对营养元素和重金属的吸收及转移特征.结果表明: 5种栎树在矿砂中均能生长,其中,猩红栎和白栎的生物量较对照有下降趋势,其他3种栎树的生长与对照相比无显著差异;栎树根系生物量均较对照有不同程度增加(猩红栎除外),且仅猩红栎侧根形态学参数较对照有所减少.重金属胁迫下,栎树根系和茎中营养元素浓度较对照无显著变化.5种栎树体内重金属浓度均较低,且其生物富集系数和转移系数均小于1.但樱皮栎叶片和茎中Cd浓度分别为22.4和15.1 mg·kg-1,转移系数为2.3,显著高于其他4种栎树.除猩红栎以外,其他参试栎树均可作为有潜力的污染土壤修复树种.其中舒玛栎的耐性较高、生物富集系数和转移系数较低,是适合在尾矿区造林和生态修复的优选树种.  相似文献   
2.
以文心兰浅绿条纹突变体为材料,分析叶片光合色素含量和组成、叶绿素合成前体物质含量以及叶绿素荧光参数的变化,观察突变体叶绿体超微结构的改变,以探寻其叶色变异的生理基础。结果表明:(1)突变体叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、类胡萝卜素(Car)和总叶绿素(Chl)含量分别比叶色正常植株显著降低了37.1%、34.0%、30.8%和36.3%。(2)突变体叶绿素生物合成受阻于胆色素原(PBG)到尿卟啉原Ⅲ(UrogenⅢ)的反应步骤。(3)突变体叶绿体发育存在明显的缺陷,基粒数目及基粒片层的垛叠层数明显减少,嗜锇颗粒及囊泡较多。(4)突变体初始荧光(Fo)比正常植株高39%,最大荧光(Fm)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ有效光化学效率(Fv′/Fm′)和PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)均显著低于正常植株,但光化学淬灭系数(qP)和非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)与正常植株无显著差异。研究结果说明,文心兰叶绿素生物合成受阻和叶绿体结构发育不良,导致叶绿素的含量下降,致使突变体叶片呈现浅绿条纹,光能利用率降低。  相似文献   
3.
《植物生态学报》2016,40(11):1136
Aims In forest ecosystems with phosphorus (P) deficiency, the impact of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on nutritional traits related to N and P uptake potentially affect plant growth and vegetation productivity. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of simulated N deposition on fine root morphological characteristics and effiency of N and P absorption in Pinus massoniana under under low P stress.
Methods Two clones of P. massoniana seedling with different P efficiency (high P efficiency 19-5 vs. low P efficiency 21-3) were used. A two-year pot experiment was applyed with treatments of two P conditions, (i.e. homogeneous low P availability vs. heterogeneous low P availability) and three N deposition levels (0, 30 and 120 kg N·hm-2·a-1; i.e., N0, N30, or N120, respectively) .
Important findings 1) The growth of P. massoniana seedling was interactively affected the three factors: simulated N deposition, P condition and genotypes. Simulated N deposition increased the seedling height and dry mass under heterogeneous P deficiency, but did not significantly affect those traits under homogeneous P deficiency. Under heterogeneous P deficiency and N120 treatment, the seedling height and dry mass of clone 19-5 were 1.1 times and 1.6 times higher than that of clone 21-3, respectively. 2) Fine root length and surface area decreased as root diameter increased. N deposition significantly stimulated proliferation of fine root with diameter ≤1.5 mm, while roots with diameters ranged from 1.5 to 2.0 mm and over 2.0 mm were not influenced. The length of fine root ≤1.5 mm in diameter accounted for 90.4%-92.8% of the total root length and was not affected by N deposition. 3) Under the heterogeneous low P condition, clone 19-5 was found to respond to the simulated N deposition with increased root length and surface area in fine-root diameter class of ≤1.5 mm. Additionally, in compared with control, its N and P absorption efficiency were significantly enhanced 93.3% and 148.4%, respectively under N120 treatment. However, the N and P absorption efficiency of clone 21-3 was less affected by the simulated N deposition. The N and P use efficiency had no notable variation. Finally, we found that the proliferation of fine-root ≤1.5 mm in diameter and high N (P) absorption efficiency maybe the adaptive mechanisms of P. massoniana responding to atmospheric N deposition under P deficiency.  相似文献   
4.
为了探讨解磷菌肥分区施入对低磷胁迫下马尾松磷营养状况的影响,该文设置了局部和均匀施用解磷菌肥(PSB肥)的盆栽接种试验,并利用WinRHIZO Pro STD1600+根系图像分析软件、H2SO4-H2O2消煮和钼锑抗比色法研究了马尾松不同家系根系形态参数和苗木磷素吸收量对PSB肥不同施用方式的响应。结果表明:(1)局部和均匀施用PSB肥均对马尾松生长影响显著,局部施用较均匀显著增加了苗木苗高、地径、根冠比、根系和整株干物质量等主要生长指标。(2)局部施用PSB肥苗木根长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数显著增加,而均匀施用根系各参数有所增加但差异不显著;局部施用较均匀0<根系直径(D)≤0.5 mm的细根根长增加了近2倍。两种处理根系生长的差异与局部施用PSB肥造成了土壤磷素的异质性分布有关。(3)与均匀施用PSB肥相比,局部施用显著增加了苗木根、茎、叶及整株磷素吸收量。相关性分析表明,苗木磷素吸收量与根系形态参数、D≤1.0 mm根系根长呈显著正相关。说明局部施用PSB肥通过诱导根系的生长促进苗木...  相似文献   
5.
利用设置在浙江省淳安县姥山林场和湖北省太子山石龙林场2个试验点的33年生马尾松种源试验林,选取不同纬度的10个代表性种源,研究其在种源间的差异、地理变异模式及对水热因子的响应.结果表明: 马尾松平均年轮δ13C在种源间的差异极显著,高纬度种源的平均年轮δ13C高于低纬度种源.马尾松年轮δ13C呈纬向的地理变异模式,形成了对种源原地环境的适应性.年轮δ13C与种源地年均温(MAT)、1月均温(T1)、年降水量(MAP)、5—9月降水量(P5-9)及≥10 ℃年积温(CT)均呈显著或极显著负相关,与干燥度指数(AI)呈显著正相关.淳安和太子山点马尾松年轮δ13C对种源地干燥度指数的响应函数可分别解释年轮δ13C变化的37.5%和42.5%,种源地AI是年轮δ13C适应性的重要环境限制因子.马尾松稳定碳同位素δ13C的年际变化与生长环境关系密切,湖北太子山试验点处于相对干旱的中西部地区,干燥度指数高,平均年轮δ13C比淳安试验点高1.8%.太子山点和淳安点的马尾松年轮δ13C分别对7月和8月的气温响应敏感,夏季降水量是年轮稳定碳同位素分馏的主要限制因子,而不同种源对未来气候变化的响应敏感性不同.  相似文献   
6.
以木荷和杉木为试验材料,模拟异质和同质两种森林土壤养分环境,设计单植、两株纯植和两株混植3种栽植方式,开展盆栽试验研究木荷与杉木混交造林增产及木荷生长竞争优势形成的原因.结果表明: 与同质养分环境相比,异质养分环境中木荷与杉木混植时两树种均具有较高的苗高和干物质积累量,且木荷竞争优势明显,这与其根系可塑性强有关.混植的木荷各径级细根大量增生,其根系总长度、表面积和体积比杉木高80%~180%.木荷细根在垂直方向上采用了补偿性的生长策略,即除占据富养表层外,还在低养分斑块中大量增殖以获得更大的竞争优势.木荷与杉木的细根在土壤中的拓殖深度不同,生态位分化,缓解了两树种根系对养分的强烈竞争,提高了混植产量.纯植的木荷由于根系自我识别作用,抑制了根系的生长,使得纯植产量较低.细根在空间上错开和均匀分布可能是木荷纯林结构稳定的原因之一.建议在生产中采用块状整地和表层施肥等措施,改善土壤养分分布状况,营建混交林促进木荷和杉木生长,而对已营造的木荷人工纯林,可以及时调控林分密度促进林木生长.  相似文献   
7.
为了探究不同木荷种源混交林和纯林生产力差异原因,采用盆栽试验,模拟异质和同质性森林土壤环境,并设计木荷单植、双株纯植和与杉木混植3种栽植模式,重点研究了异质养分环境下邻株竞争对3个木荷种源(福建建瓯、江西信丰和浙江龙泉种源)干物质积累及氮磷效率的影响。结果表明:与同质养分环境相比,木荷种源在异质养分环境中具有干物质量大,氮、磷吸收效率高的特点,尤以福建建瓯种源优势最大。邻株竞争对木荷种源的干物质量和氮、磷吸收效率影响显著。在异质养分环境中,与杉木邻株竞争时,木荷福建建瓯种源干物质积累量优于单植和双株纯植模式。这与其根冠比和生理可塑性较强有关,混植时,其根冠比明显降低,将更多的干物质分配至叶片,增强了光合能力;同时氮、磷吸收效率也显著提高,进而积累了较高的干物质量,提高了竞争力。相反,混植时江西信丰和浙江龙泉种源氮和磷吸收效率却不同程度地低于其单植或与之相近,根冠比较高,结果影响了干物质积累。同种邻株竞争虽促进了浙江龙泉和江西信丰种源的氮、磷吸收,但抑制了两元素的利用效率,而福建建瓯种源氮、磷效率受影响较小,且明显高于其他种源,从而形成较高的干物质量。以上研究结果表明,福建建瓯种源较高的生物量分配和生理可塑性是其生产力高和生长竞争优势明显主要原因。  相似文献   
8.
研究同质和异质养分环境中邻株竞争对3个木荷种源生长和根系发育的影响,揭示了不同种源木荷生长竞争能力差异原因.结果表明: 与同质养分环境相比,3个木荷种源在异质养分环境中具有苗高生长量大、干物质积累量高和根系增生明显等特点.在异质养分环境下,福建建瓯种源木荷苗木生长量显著高于浙江龙泉和江西信丰种源,与杉木混植时尤为突出,这与其根系形态可塑性高和拓殖能力强有关,混植时,福建建瓯种源木荷的根长、根表面积和根体积等根系生长量较单植显著增长20.4 %~69.0%,其根系在富养表层大量增生的同时快速向深层贫养层拓殖,占有了更多的空间和资源,提高了觅养能力,使其生长优势更为明显,而浙江龙泉和江西信丰种源根系生长和深层土壤根系分布受邻株竞争影响不同程度的降低.纯植时,可能由于根系自我识别作用,3个木荷种源的根系生长发育均受到抑制,导致福建建瓯种源苗木生长量显著减小,而浙江龙泉种源苗高和干物质积累增长明显,这与其根系生理可塑性有关.建议生产上选用觅养效率高和竞争能力强的福建建瓯种源木荷,采用混交造林的方式提高木荷人工林生产力.  相似文献   
9.
不同温度条件下香水文心兰花香气的成分分析及感官评定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Flower aromatic components and their relative contents of Oncidium Sharry Baby ‘Sweet Fragrance ’ at full flowering stage under conditions of 10 ℃, 20 ℃ and 30 ℃ were analyzed by solid phase micro-extr...  相似文献   
10.
《植物生态学报》2017,41(6):622
Aims A heterogeneous spatially distribution of nutrients in natural soil may affect plant growth. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of localized nitrogen (N) supply treatments on growth traits and root parameters among different families in Pinus massoniana.Methods Five families of P. massoniana seedlings from full-sib progenies were used as test materials (1, 25, 49, 52, and 57). This study included two conditions, (i.e. homogeneous phosphorus (P) deficiency vs. heterogeneous P efficiency) among soil layers in combination with four N supply treatments in a one-year pot experiment. These N supply treatments were: (1) Homogeneously high N along the soil profile (HHH); (2) high N-high N-low N (HHL); (3) low N-low N-high N (LLH); (4) low N-low N-on side with N addition and the other side without N supply (LLH/L).Important findings This study indicated that localized N supply treatment did enhance the growth of P. massoniana, and this enhancement mainly happened in the pattern of N applied to deep soil. The results showed: 1) Compared to the homogeneous low P condition, there were increase in the growth traits and root parameters of P. massoniana under heterogeneous low P condition. Particularly, the root length and root surface area under the heterogeneous P deficiency condition were 1.95 times and 2.11 times higher than that subjected to the homogeneous P deficiency. 2) Localized N supply treatment affected seedling growth, and there was a significant interaction among N supply pattern and P condition. In compared with homogeneous N supply treatment, the height, basal diameter and dry weight of seedlings increased significantly by localized N supply treatments (LLH and/or LLH/L) under both two P deficiency conditions. But when the seedlings parameters were enhanced under homogeneous P deficiency, they were inhibited under heterogeneous P deficiency subjected to HHL. 3) Within the two P conditions, LLH and LLH/L stimulated root proliferation significantly, and root parameters were significantly enhanced under the heterogeneous P deficiency condition. Specifically, the root length and root surface area subjected to LLH/L rather than HHH were significantly enhanced by 29.2% and 32.3%, respectively. However, the length and surface area of the roots were suppressed by HHL treatment. 4). There were significant differences in response to different N supply treatments among P. massoniana families Seedlings in the families of 49, 52, and 57 responded to the localized N supply treatments with increased root proliferation, which enhanced seedling dry mass. On the other hand, the seedling growth in the family of 25 were stimulated by N and (or) P concentration, while the response of seedlings in the family of 1 to local nitrogen supply was relatively slow and exhibited growth retardation.  相似文献   
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