Melt-phase behavior of collapsed PMMA/PVC chains revealed by multiscale simulations

Single- and double-chain models of three stereoregular polymers, iso- and syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) and isotactic poly(vinyl chloride), were extensively simulated using systematic coarse-grained (CG) potentials. It was found that, in vacuum, all of these long chains collapse in a two-stage process from their fully extended configurations into coils, and the two chains in each double-chain model ultimately become intertwined. Strong intermolecular interactions were found to occur between two chains of the same polymer (“like pairs”), which helps to explain the high densities of single-component melts. However, the intermolecular interactions between two chains of different polymers (“unlike pairs”) were stronger than those in like pairs. The enthalpy of mixing for unlike pairs—obtained from their intermolecular interaction energies—was negative, indicating that the two binary blends considered here are homogeneous systems. Moreover, a more negative enthalpy of mixing is suggested to correlate with better miscibility. These results agree well with corresponding experimental and simulated results, once again validating the accuracy of CG potentials when they are used to explore structural and energetic properties. The local structure captured by the isolated long chains dictates the ability to elucidate melt-phase behavior. A scheme involving the preparation of bulk models with initially collapsed chains was proposed; such CG models could be widely used to rapidly screen pairs of polymers for specific applications.

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Graphical Abstract Melt phase behaviors dictated by isolated chains

     

龙须草对镉的耐受性和富集特征

利用盆栽试验,研究了龙须草对Cd的耐受能力和富集特征.结果表明:低浓度Cd处理(5 mg·kg-1)能促进龙须草的生长,增强其生理活性,生物量、净光合速率等12个指标比对照提高1.0%～15.5%;高浓度Cd处理(>5 mg.kg-1)对龙须草的生长产生抑制作用,但当Cd浓度达到100 mg.kg-1时,龙须草仍能完成正常的生理周期,生物量、净光合速率仅比对照分别下降27.0%和25.6%.龙须草各器官的Cd含量随Cd污染程度的上升而大幅度增加,根的Cd含量为350～500 mg.kg-1,茎叶为15～35 mg·kg-1.在Cd浓度<50 mg·kg-1时,吸Cd量随添加浓度的增大而增大,茎叶吸Cd量占总吸Cd量的15.7%～38.4%,茎叶与根的吸Cd量比值最高可达0.62.龙须草对Cd污染的耐受性、富集和转运能力均较强,是一种潜在的Cd超富集植物.     

黄芪对急性白血病患者血清黏附分子水平影响的临床研究

目的:探讨黄芪对急性白血病病人可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1和可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1水平的影响。方法:64例初治急性白血病患者随机分为化疗组32例和化疗加黄芪组32例,采用酶联免疫吸附测定方法(EuSA法),对治疗前后的血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1和可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1水平进行检测。结果:①与正常组比较,急性白血病病人治疗前后可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1和可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1水平升高(P<0 05)。②治疗后,化疗加黄芪组与化疗组血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1和可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1水平均下降(P<0 05),化疗加黄芪组下降尤为明显(P<0 05)。结论黄芪可通过降低白血病血清sICAM-1和sVCAM-1水平的而发挥抗肿瘤作用。     

光照强度对小麦苗期草酸氧化酶活性的影响

以小麦品种‘烟优361’(Triticum aestivum L.cv.Yanyou 361)萌发4 d幼苗为试验材料,分析了草酸氧化酶(OxO)在幼苗中的定位和表达,以及光照强度处理对小麦幼苗OxO活性的影响。实验结果显示,萌发后小麦幼苗的OxO分布在子叶与根的连接处和成熟的根中,其活性随光照强度的增加而下降;200μmol.m-2.s-1的强光显著抑制了OxO活性,该处理培养4 d幼苗的OxO活性仅为40μmol.m-2.s-1光照培养条件下的18.7%;强光还缩短OxO在苗期的表达时间,抑制了OxO的mRNA表达量。同时,光照强度还能影响小麦幼苗中H2O2的含量,200μmol.m-2.s-1处理幼苗的H2O2的含量显著下降,其培养4 d的幼苗H2O2含量仅为40μmol.m-2.s-1光照强度培养条件下的18.0%。研究发现,光照强度可通过调节OxO的活性和表达量来控制H2O2的产量,从而影响幼苗的生长发育。     

ACE2 and FZD1 are prognosis markers in squamous cell/adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of gallbladder

The clinicopathological characteristics of squamous cell/adenosquamous carcinoma (SC/ASC) of the gallbladder have not been well documented, and no prognosis marker has been identified because of the rare occurrence of this gallbladder cancer subtype. In this study, we examined ACE2 and FZD1 expression in 46 SC/ASCs and 80 adenocarcinomas using immunohistochemistry and further analyzed their correlations with clinicopathological characteristics. We demonstrated that positive FZD1 and negative ACE2 expression were significantly associated with large tumor size, high TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and invasion of SC/ASC and AC. Univariate Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that positive FZD1 and negative ACE2 expression as well as differentiation, tumor size, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, invasion, and surgical curability were closely associated with decreased overall survival in both SC/ASC (p < 0.001) and AC (p < 0.001) patients. The average survival time in SC/ASC and AC patients with FZD1^?ACE2⁺ expression was significantly longer than that in patients with FZD1⁺ACE2^? or FZD1⁺ACE2⁺ (p < 0.01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that positive FZD1 and negative ACE2 expression are independent poor-prognostic factors for both SC/ASC and AC patients. In addition, FZD1 expression positively, but ACE2 expression negatively correlated with the expression of CA19-9 in SC/ASC and AC. Our study suggested that positive FZD1 and negative ACE2 expression are closely related to the expression of CA19-9; clinical, pathological, and biological behaviors; as well as poor-prognosis of gallbladder cancer.     

洞庭湖区外来入侵植物调查分析及防治对策

[目的] 了解洞庭湖区入侵植物分布规律及其危害，对洞庭湖区入侵植物区系、种类组成、类型、生活型和原产地进行较为深入的研究。[方法] 通过实地调查、采集标本、查阅资料进行统计分析。[结果] 洞庭湖区外来入侵植物共有86种，隶属于24科64属，原产于美洲的有51种，占总数的58.6%，双子叶植物有21科53属73种，单子叶植物仅有5科12属13种，草本植物共84种，占97.6%，洞庭湖区入侵植物科的区系类型主要为世界广布；入侵植物属的区系类型以泛热带分布和世界广布为主。[结论] 洞庭湖区入侵植物种类较多、适应性强、繁殖速度快、繁殖能力强、传播途径多样、区系成分复杂且危害严重，应根据入侵现状对洞庭湖区外来入侵植物采取相应的的防治措施。     

苎麻属野生植物纤维细胞形态结构与其经济性状和物理性能的关系

以13种苎麻属植物为试验材料,于植物工艺成熟期取样测定经济性状并用显微镜观察横截面及离析纤维细胞形态,研究苎麻属植物纤维细胞形态结构与其经济性状和物理性能的相关性。结果显示:(1)苎麻属野生种质的纤维细胞外观形态表现与栽培种苎麻基本一致,多呈圆形、多边形、椭圆形和肾形等,形态各异,大小不一。(2)茎秆横截面纤维细胞直径、腔径和纤维胞总数都明显少于对照栽培种,与其原麻产量存在不同程度的正相关性。(3)离析纤维细胞长度、宽度、壁厚和结节数与纤维细度存在不显著负相关,且野生苎麻属种质的细胞长度、宽度明显小于栽培种苎麻。研究表明,野生苎麻属种质在提高栽培种产量上无太大效应,但其在优良纤维基因选育方面和改良栽培种苎麻纤维品质上具有重要应用价值。     

酿酒酵母菌培养条件的研究

目的:优化酿酒酵母液体发酵得到菌体的最佳条件。方法:通过单因素试验,以吸光度为指标,研究碳源、氮源、接种量、pH值及无机离子对酿酒酵母菌生长的影响。结果:酿酒酵母生长的最佳碳源是葡萄糖,最佳氮源是蛋白胨,最佳接种量2%,最佳初始pH为4.5,添加无机盐硫酸亚铁能够促进其生长。结论:得到了酿酒酵母液体生长的最佳培养基配方。     

FtsZ在钝顶螺旋藻形态建成中的作用

为了研究细胞骨架蛋白FtsZ在螺旋藻形态建成中的作用,通过PCR克隆了ftsZ基因并进行原核表达,对表达的融合蛋白进行了纯化。通过免疫小鼠制备了FtsZ的多克隆抗体。分别用Western blot和免疫荧光技术检测螺旋藻不同形态藻丝体中ftsZ的表达和定位。结果表明,在两株不同螺旋藻Spirulina platensisFACHB869和FACHB882中,ftsZ在直线形藻丝体中的表达量都高于螺旋形藻丝体。免疫荧光定位结果显示,FtsZ蛋白在藻细胞中呈环状分布于细胞膜上,且这种环状结构在直线形藻丝体中排列较密而在螺旋形藻丝体中排列疏松。ftsZ在不同形态藻丝体中的表达量和细胞定位差异说明,细胞骨架蛋白FtsZ可能通过改变细胞刚性而参与螺旋藻形态建成。