环境污染下基于最优捕获策略的近海-远海捕鱼模型的动力学性质（英文）

近年来,由于人类的过度开发,使得海洋资源（尤其是近海海洋资源）急剧下降,加上日益严重的海洋污染,给海洋资源管理带来很大的困难.为了更好的管理和利用海洋资源,本文考虑到环境污染中脉冲扩散对种群的影响,建立了一个近海-远海渔业模型,给出了正周期解存在性及平凡周期解和正周期解全局渐近稳定性的充分条件.进一步,在环境污染的情况下,给出了最优捕获策略,得到了最大持续产量和相应的捕获努力量.最后,通过数值模拟证实了我们所得的结论的正确性.     

Zinc Transporter 7 Induced by High Glucose Attenuates Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient and cytoprotectant involved in preventing many types of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-driven fibrosis in vivo. The zinc-transporter family SLC30A (ZnT) is a pivotal factor in the regulation of Zn homeostasis. However, its function in EMT in peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) remains unknown. This study explored the regulation of zinc transporters and the role they play in cell EMT, particularly in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs), surrounding glucose concentrations and the molecular mechanism involved. The effects of high glucose (HG) on zinc transporter gene expression were measured in RPMCs by real-time PCR. We explored ZnT7 (Slc30A7): the effect of ZnT7 over-expression and siRNA-mediated knock-down on HG-induced EMT was investigated as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Over-expression of ZnT7 resulted in significantly inhibited HG-induced EMT in RPMCs, while inhibition of ZnT7 expression using a considerable siRNA-mediated knock-down of RPMCs increased the levels of EMT. Furthermore, over-expression of ZnT7 is accompanied by down-regulation of TGF-β/Smad pathway, phospho-Smad3,4 expression levels. The finding suggests that the zinc-transporting system in RPMCs is influenced by the exposure to HG. The ZnT7 may account for the inhibition of HG-induced EMT in RPMCs, likely through targeting TGF-β/Smad signaling.     

广东栅蚤蝇染色体核型与有丝分裂观察

已有的蚤蝇染色体核型的报道均为2n=6,同型性染色体。本研究首次解剖广东栅蚤蝇Diplonevra peregrina(Wiedemann)三龄幼虫脑神经节和蛹期性腺,采用空气干燥法制备染色体标本,观察了染色体核型和有丝分裂行为。结果表明:广东栅蚤蝇二倍体细胞染色体数目2n=8,异型性染色体;有丝分裂中期可观察到明显的同源染色体联会现象。     

Difference in capacity of physiological integration between two ecotypes of Leymus chinensis underlies their different performance

Background and aims

Physiological integration can enhance the performance of clonal plants, but whether this differs between ecotypes and whether such difference is underlying their distribution have scarcely been addressed. We aimed to determine whether physiological integration differs between ecotypes and whether an ecotype with a wider distribution shows a greater capacity of physiological integration.

Methods

A garden experiment was conducted with ramet pairs of both ecotypes (grey-green and yellow-green ecotype) of a typical rhizomatous clonal plant, Leymus chinensis, using rhizome connection (connected vs. disconnected) and ecotype as factors. Physiological and biomass features were measured and compared to assess the effects of physiological integration for both ecotypes.

Results

Physiological integration enhanced the maximum net photosynthetic rate, apparent quantum efficiency, respiration rate, water use efficiency, and chlorophyll content of ramets no matter whether they were subject to nutrient-poor or -rich soil, as long as they were connected to other ramets. Moreover, such an effect on photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency was larger for the grey-green ecotype than for the yellow-green ecotype.

Conclusions

The results suggested that grey-green ecotype has significantly greater capacity of physiological integration than yellow-green ecotype, which was assumed to be one of the underlying mechanisms of the wider distribution of the former in nature.     

基因型多样性对羊草种群年龄结构的影响

基因型多样性作为遗传多样性的重要组成部分，不仅在群落水平，而且在种群水平均可以发挥重要生态作用。以羊草（Leymus chinensis）为研究对象，设置5种基因型多样性梯度试验控制小区，进行基因型多样性对羊草种群年龄结构的影响研究。结果表明：随基因型多样性梯度的逐步增加，2a分蘖株生物量和数量均显著增加（P<0.05）；1-4龄级羊草根茎生物量、长度和干物质积累量多数呈极显著性增加的变化趋势（P<0.01）。在1、2、4、8和12种基因型多样性梯度时，分蘖株生物量及数量年龄结构均以1a或2a分蘖株所占比例为最高，年龄结构表现为增长型或稳定型；而羊草种群根茎生物量和长度也以2a根茎所占比例为最高，年龄结构表现为稳定型。随基因型多样性水平的增加，羊草种群分蘖株数量和生物量的年龄结构从增长型向稳定型过渡，但根茎长度和生物量的年龄结构均为稳定型。12基因型多样性水平的4龄级分蘖株和根茎的特征高于其他基因型多样性水平。因此，在不同基因型多样性水平羊草种群分蘖株和根茎具有增长型或稳定型的年龄结构，适当的基因型多样性数量显著促进了各龄级羊草分蘖株和根茎的生物量和数量特征的升高，但高度的基因型多样性水平会增加羊草种群中高龄级的分蘖株和根茎所占的比例，种群发展表现出衰退信号。     

Papaya Leaf Curl Guangdong Virus and Ageratum Yellow Vein Virus Associated with Leaf Curl Disease of Tobacco in China

Two samples (YC7, YC27) of Nicotiana tabacum showing leaf curling, vein swelling and enations on undersides of leaves were collected in the Fujian Province of China in 2007. Virus isolates YC7‐1 and YC7‐2 (associated with betasatellite, YC7‐2β) were detected in both samples. The complete DNA‐A sequence of YC7‐1 (FJ869907) comprised 2741 nucleotides (nt). The complete DNA‐A (FJ869908) and betasatellite (FJ869909) sequence of YC7‐2 consisted of 2754 and 1344 nt, respectively. YC7‐1 had the highest nucleotide sequence identity (97.3%) with Papaya leaf curl Guangdong virus (PaLCuGuV‐[CN:Gd2:02], AJ558122). YC7‐2 had the highest sequence identity (90.1%) with Ageratum yellow vein virus (AYVV‐TW[TW:Tai:99], AF307861) and its betasatellite (96.5%) with Ageratum yellow vein betasatellite (AYVB‐[TW:CHu:02], AJ542495). These indicate that YC7‐1 and YC7‐2 are isolates of PaLCuGuV and AYVV, respectively. Symptoms including leaf curling, vein swelling and enations on undersides of leaves were observed in N. tabacum and N. glutinosa when infected by whiteflies with sample YC7 as the viral source under greenhouse conditions. PCR results showed that these infected plants contained both YC7‐1 and YC7‐2/YC7‐2β. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PaLCuGuV and AYVV/AYVB co‐infecting N. tabacum in China.     

一个高粱直立叶突变体的表型鉴定和遗传分析

直立叶是构建合理株型和培育密植化栽培品种的重要指标之一。本研究利用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变高粱BTX623,获得一株可以稳定遗传的直立叶突变体,暂命名el(erect leaf)。该突变体叶片从6叶期开始出现直立性状,直至整个生育期叶片均呈直立状态。抽穗期突变体el植株倒1叶至倒7叶各节位叶长极显著缩短,叶片宽度也显著变窄;各节位叶夹角呈现先降低后增加的趋势,各节位叶枕长(除倒1叶叶枕未形成)和叶耳周长呈现与之相反的趋势。在成熟期,突变体el植株的株高、粒长、粒宽、结实率和千粒重差异不显著;穗长、每穗粒数和生育期差异极显著。遗传学分析表明:F2分离群体野生表型和突变表型符合3∶1分离比,说明直立叶是由单个基因突变引起的隐性性状。石蜡切片分析结果表明:突变体el的突变性状是由于叶耳细胞的数量增加和叶耳小维管束数量增加引起的。该试验结果为进一步定位、克隆突变基因奠定基础,也为解析高粱叶片直立变化机制及密植化栽培品种的选育提供基因资源和理论支撑。     

Site-Directed Mutagenesis of BmK AGP-SYPU1: The Role of Two Conserved Tyr (Tyr5 and Tyr42) in Analgesic Activity

In this study, the role of two conversed tyrosines (Tyr5 and Tyr42) from the scorpion toxin BmK AGP-SYPU1 was investigated with an effective Escherichia coli expression system. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to individually substitute Tyr5 and Tyr42 with hydrophobic or hydrophilic amino acids, and the extent to which these scorpion toxin BmK AGP-SYPU1 tyrosines contribute to analgesic activity was evaluated. The results of the mouse-twisting test showed that Tyr5 and Tyr42 are associated with the analgesic activity of the toxin because the analgesic activities of Y5F and Y42F were significantly increased compared with the rBmK AGP-SYPU1; however, the Y5W had decreased activity. The results of molecular simulation reveal the following: (1) for analgesic activity, the core domain of the scorpion toxin BmK AGP-SYPU1 is key and (2) for pharmacological function, Tyr42 is most likely involved when the core domain conformation is altered. These studies identify a new relationship between the structure and analgesic activity of the scorpion toxin BmK AGP-SYPU1 and are significant for further research and the application of analgesic peptides.     

火干扰强度对大兴安岭森林地上植被碳储量的影响

以大兴安岭呼中林区不同强度的火烧迹地为研究对象,对森林地上植被(乔木层、灌木层和草本层)碳储量进行分层采样,采用异速生长方程和生物量收获法获得各层生物量并转换为碳储量,分析了不同火烧强度下研究区地上植被碳储量的差异.结果表明: 火烧强度显著影响研究区森林地上植被碳储量,表现为未火烧＞轻度火烧＞中度火烧＞重度火烧.相同火烧强度下,各林层碳储量变化状况表现为乔木层＞灌木层＞草本层.乔木层碳储量在不同火烧强度下表现为未火烧＞轻度火烧＞中度火烧＞重度火烧;灌木层碳储量在不同火烧强度下表现为轻度火烧>未火烧>中度火烧>重度火烧;草本层的碳储量在不同火烧强度下表现为轻度火烧>未火烧>重度火烧>中度火烧.火烧强度显著影响森林生态系统乔木层和草本层的碳储量,对灌木层碳储量的影响不显著.