中国蛛蜂科十新记录种

记述采自中国河北省小五台山、宁夏回族自治区六盘山的蛛蜂科Pompilidae2亚科(Pepsinae,Pompilinae)、5属(Agenioideus,Arachnospila,Cryptocheilus,Evagetes,Priocnemis)、10中国新记录种。研究标本分别保存在河北大学和云南农业大学昆虫标本室。     

中国节腹泥蜂属一新种记述(膜翅目:方头泥蜂科)

记述采自中国海南省的方头泥蜂科Crabronidae、大头泥蜂亚科Philanthinae、节腹泥蜂属Cerceris1新种:褐节腹泥蜂Cerceris rubigina,sp.nov.。模式标本保存在云南农业大学昆虫标本室。     

尾足螨股中国五新记录种(英文)

Five new record species of the cohort Uropodina from China are described and figured:Polyaspinus higginsi Camin,Trichouropoda calcarata Hirschmann et Nicol Z.,Trichouropoda bipilis (Vitzthum),Nenteria stylifera (Berlese) and Nenteria breviunguiculata (Willmann).     

安徽农田表层土壤中有机氯农药的分布及其组成

以安徽省寿县等19个地区的农田表层土壤(0～20 cm)为对象,采用超声波提取,气相色谱法/电子捕获检测器(GC/ECD)检测,分析了α-六六六、β-六六六、γ-六六六、δ-六六六、op’-DDE、PP’-DDD、α-硫丹和百菌清等8种有机氯农药(OCPs)在农田表层土壤中的分布及组成特征.结果表明:19个取样点中8种有机氯农药残留的总含量范围为ND～23.75μg · kg-1,其中PP’-DDD、γ-HCH为主要污染物,平均质量浓度分别为13.83和13.49μg·kg-1·与1990年的调查结果相比,六六六平均值含量呈明显下降趋势；与国内外土壤相比,安徽省农田表层土壤中的六六六( HCHs)处于中等偏高的水平.安徽省农田表层土壤中OCPs、HCHs和PP’-DDD平均浓度分别为48.58、28.64和13.83 μg·kg-1,均未超过《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618- 1995)的一级土壤质量标准(＜50 μg· kg-1),污染较轻.     

柿ξ-胡萝卜素脱氢酶基因的克隆与序列分析

通过对柿ζ-胡萝卜素脱氢酶(-ζCarotene desaturase,ZDS)基因的克隆及序列分析,旨在为改良柿果实品质奠定基础。根据GenBank中其他植物ZDS基因的保守序列设计了两条PCR扩增引物,以柿果实中所提取的RNA为模板,采用RACE技术扩增出一条约为500bp的条带。经过序列分析,其长578bp,不含内含子,具有部分开放阅读框(177bp)、终止密码子(TGA)和poly(A)尾巴(11bp),共编码58个氨基酸。该序列及其所编码的氨基酸与其他植物ζ-胡萝卜素脱氢酶基因均具有较高的同源性。该基因已提交GenBank数据库,登录号为GU075728。     

ApCl基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

为了研究ApCl基因的功能,应用基因重组技术将ApCl基因片段克隆入大肠埃希菌—酵母穿梭质拉pGAPZαA,构建重组真核表达质拉pGAPZαA-ApCl,电转化巴斯德单赤酵母GS115,Zeocin筛选出阳性克隆转化子.通过比较转化空载体pGAPZaA和重组载体pGAPZαA-ApCl的不同菌株分别在含有高盐和高山梨醇浓度的液体培养基中生长情况,发现毕赤酵母GS115在转化ApCl基因后其抗旱、抗盐能力显著提高(约3倍),进一步验证了ApCl基因对提高生物抗逆能力有显著作用,为将来分离该蛋白及进一步研究奠定基础.     

白星花金龟绿僵菌分离及毒力测定

目的 2008年在山东泰安市黄庄堆肥中发现白星花金龟幼虫被病原菌寄生死亡,病虫体上长满灰绿色霉层,对其进行分离,经纯化获得1株真菌,编号为M-08。通过对幼虫接种,证明其致病性。方法对分离纯化出的菌株M-08,根据菌体形态特征、培养性状,按常规方法鉴定。结果 M-08菌株鉴定结果为金龟子绿僵菌长孢型变种Metarhiziumnaisopliae[Metsch Sorokin Var major（Johnston）Tulloch],毒力测定结果表明,对白星花金龟幼虫致死率高达93.3%~100%。结论金龟子绿僵菌长孢型毒力测定表明具有很高的毒性,今后有良好的应用前景。     

龟纹瓢虫四虫态肠道细菌分离及鉴定

目的通过对龟纹瓢虫四个虫态肠道菌群研究,探讨其营养生理,为改良龟纹瓢虫人工饲料,大量扩繁天敌昆虫奠定基础。方法按照传统的分离方法从龟纹瓢虫瓢卵、幼虫、蛹及雌成虫或肠道内分离15个不同菌株,对其染色反应、培养性状,菌体形态和生理生化性状进行系统研究。结果从龟纹瓢虫卵内分离鉴定出短芽胞杆菌（Bacillus brevis）、球性芽胞杆菌（Bacillus sphaericus）、棍状杆菌属（Clavibacter）和一种未知分类地位的菌;幼虫肠道内分离鉴定柠檬酸杆菌属（Citrob acter）、短状杆菌属（Brachybacterium）、微杆菌属（Microbacterium）、皮杆菌属（Dermabacter）、浸麻芽胞杆菌属（Bacillus macerans）、纤维单胞菌属（Cellulomonas）;蛹肠道分离鉴定出短芽胞杆菌（Bacillus brevis）、蜡状芽胞杆菌（Bacillus cereus）、微杆菌属（Microbacterium）、不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）;成虫肠道分离鉴定出短芽胞杆菌（Bacillus brevis）、球性芽胞杆菌（Bacillus sphaericus）、柠檬酸杆菌属（Citrob acter）、不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）、地衣芽胞杆菌（Bacillus licheniformis）、凝结芽胞杆菌（Bacillus coagulans）和巨大芽胞杆菌（Bacillusmegaterium）。结论不同虫态龟纹瓢虫肠道中细菌种类不同,为进一步研究适合龟纹瓢虫不同时期生长和繁殖的人工饲料的配比提供了依据。     

The Diversity and Anti-Microbial Activity of Endophytic Actinomycetes Isolated from Medicinal Plants in Panxi Plateau,China

Traditional Chinese medicinal plants are sources of biologically active compounds, providing raw material for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and fragrance industries. The endophytes of medicinal plants participate in biochemical pathways and produce analogous or novel bioactive compounds. Panxi plateau in South-west Sichuan in China with its unique geographical and climatological characteristics is a habitat of a great variety of medicinal plants. In this study, 560 endophytic actinomycetes were isolated from 26 medicinal plant species in Panxi plateau. 60 isolates were selected for 16S rDNA-RFLP analysis and 14 representative strains were chosen for 16S rDNA sequencing. According to the phylogenetic analysis, seven isolates were Streptomyces sp., while the remainder belonged to genera Micromonospora, Oerskovia, Nonomuraea, Promicromonospora and Rhodococcus. Antimicrobial activity analysis combined with the results of amplifying genes coding for polyketide synthetase (PKS-I, PKS-II) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) showed that endophytic actinomycetes isolated from medicinal plants in Panxi plateau had broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and potential natural product diversity, which further proved that endophytic actinomycetes are valuable reservoirs of novel bioactive compounds.     

Identification of Up-regulated Genes of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</Emphasis> B55 During the Early Stage of Direct Surface Contact with Rice R109 Root

The early stage of plant–rhizobacteria interaction, affected by plant root exudates and plant–rhizobacteria surface contact, is considered to be critical for plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria colonizing plant roots and initiating the beneficial effects on plant growth. However, little is known about the mechanisms of plant–rhizobacteria surface contact involved in early stage of plant–rhizobacteria interaction. In order to reveal the molecular mechanisms of the surface contact, a rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B55 was interacted with plant roots of rice R109 and used to perform a cDNA-based suppression-subtractive hybridization. Seven differentially expressed DNA fragments were identified. Except for the two fragments showing no matches to any known sequences in the Genbank, the other five fragments were found to have high homologies with the genes encoding 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component OdhA, aspartate ammonia-lyase AnsB, and hypothetical protein proposed to be involved in surface adhesion, acetolactate decarboxylase AlsD, and DNA mismatch repair protein MutL, respectively. The induced RNA expression levels of two putative genes ansB and odhA and an unmatched DNA fragment BD33 were verified by RT-PCR analysis.