造纸废水对芦苇实生苗生长特性及根系活力的影响

以室内水培的芦苇实生苗为材料,研究6种不同化学需氧量(CODcr)浓度造纸废水处理对芦苇生长指标和根系活力的影响,为利用造纸废水修复自然环境中芦苇实生苗种群提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)不同浓度造纸废水对芦苇各器官鲜(干)重有显著的促进作用,并以中等浓度(300mg.L-1)最为明显;随着造纸废水浓度的增加,废水对芦苇各器官鲜(干)重的促进作用有所减弱,这种减弱幅度在芦苇不同器官上存在差异。(2)高浓度造纸废水导致芦苇根生物量比、根状茎生物量比降低,但影响二者降低的废水浓度存在差异;低浓度造纸废水导致芦苇茎生物量比下降,并使叶生物量比增加。(3)随着造纸废水浓度的增加,芦苇的根系活力呈先上升后下降的趋势,并以CODcr浓度为300mg.L-1时的芦苇的根系活力最强,CODcr浓度为900mg.L-1时最弱。可见,低浓度造纸废水促进了芦苇的生长和根系活力,高浓度废水促进作用减弱甚至会抑制根系活力,并以CODcr浓度为300mg.L-1时芦苇实生苗生长最好。     

圈养林麝粪便类固醇激素保存时效性研究

用非损伤性采样方法对圈养林麝在三个条件:1)未处理,2)90%甲醇,3)0.9%抗生素,15个时间梯度下(20℃)的粪便中类固醇激素及其代谢物的保存时间及方法进行了比较,结果表明:林麝粪便在室温下(20℃),孕酮及其代谢物48 h有明显的上升趋势;雌二醇、睾酮和皮质醇及其代谢物在18 h均出现显著变化;对比抗生素保存,用甲醇保存是一种较好的保存林麝粪便类固醇激素的方法;然而不同激素用甲醇保存的时间不同,孕酮不宜超过1个月,皮质醇不宜超过半个月,睾酮则不宜超过10天,而雌二醇可以保存2个月之久.     

大熊猫的生境选择特征

基于王朗国家级自然保护区1997—2009年的连续监测数据,利用分布频率法和Bai-ley法,从地形因子、森林群落结构和主食竹3个方面研究了大熊猫的生境选择特征.结果表明:王朗国家级自然保护区的大熊猫对生境具有明显的选择性.在地形上,多选择海拔在2500～3000 m的山体脊部、上部和中部的均匀坡和凸坡,坡向西南,坡度在6°～30°,与水源距离>300 m的环境;森林群落结构上,多选择起源为次生林、针阔混交林,微生境为竹林的生境,乔木平均高度在20～29 m,灌木盖度在0～24%;主食竹多选择平均高度在2～5 m,竹丛盖度>50%,混生,生长状况良好的缺苞箭竹.     

晋西黄土区果农间作的种间主要竞争关系及土地生产力

以晋西黄土区核桃×花生、核桃×大豆、苹果×花生和苹果×大豆4种典型果农间作模式为研究对象,分析果农间作模式中作物光合有效辐射(PAR)、净光合速率(Pn)、土壤水分和产量情况.结果表明:与农作物单作相比,间作模式中作物的PAR和Pn均出现不同程度的降低,并且离树体越近,PAR和Pn越小;Pn与作物产量呈显著正相关,说明光照是影响作物产量的重要因素之一;从整体趋势来看,核桃间作农作物0～100cm土壤水分与相应单作模式间无明显差异,而苹果间作农作物0～100cm土壤水分与相应单作模式间差异显著,说明苹果对作物土壤水分的竞争比核桃剧烈.研究区果农间作的土地利用效率平均提高70%,经济效益平均提高14%,且核桃间作模式优于苹果间作模式.为了提高间作作物产量,应加强水肥管理、增加树体与作物的间作距离或设置根障、定期适当修剪果树并种植耐荫作物.     

转基因DT40细胞导入早期鸡胚后的分布及绿色荧光蛋白表达的研究

目的为了研究经过基因修饰的体细胞导入到禽类胚胎以后,供体细胞及外源基因是否能在受体胚胎中成活并且外源基因是否可以长期表达。方法筛选得到稳定整合绿色荧光蛋白基因的鸡DT40细胞作为外源蛋白的运载工具,通过血管微注射的方法将其导入到于38.5℃温度条件下孵化65～70 h的鸡胚中,并将操作后的鸡胚在原孵化条件下继续孵化。在孵化的不同时期取移植了DT40细胞的嵌合体胚胎在荧光显微镜下观察荧光细胞的存活与分布情况。并通过PCR以及免疫组织化学方法检测供体细胞在受体中的位置以及绿色荧光蛋白的表达情况。结果荧光标记的DT40细胞可以存活于受体不同的组织器官中,包括：脑、心脏、肝脏等。导入胚胎的整合外源基因的DT40细胞可以存活到胚胎出雏之前,并且外源基因能够正常表达。结论可以通过此方法将外源基因导入到受体中,并使目的蛋白在受体胚胎中持续表达,为胚胎期导入外源蛋白诱导免疫耐受的研究以及将转基因细胞移植到动物体内生产目的蛋白的研究提供科学依据和技术平台。     

杨树试管苗嫩茎生根过程中内源IAA的免疫金银定位

生长素类物质在木本植物生根过程中发挥重要作用。杨树生根与生长素的关系及生根过程中内源激素的变化已有大量报道,而生根过程中生长素的组织定位分析则尚未见报道。该文应用免疫化学分析方法对741杨（Populus alba×（P.davidiana×P.simonii）×P.tomentosa）嫩茎生根过程中内源IAA在组织中的分布进行了研究。结果显示,741杨的嫩茎在无外源激素的1/2MS培养基上诱导10天后可生根,14天后生根率达100%。诱导前,嫩茎基部组织中几乎没有IAA信号;诱导8天后,嫩茎基部维管组织中有大量的IAA积累,而且中部的维管组织中也有明显的IAA信号（主要分布在韧皮部和维管形成层）;10天后,形成不定根原基,此时IAA主要分布在根原基;12天后,根原基分化成不定根并突破表皮,IAA在不定根中的分布主要集中在根尖和中柱。该文对741杨的嫩茎生根过程中IAA的组织分布特点及运输途径进行了讨论。     

一种快速有效分析烟草花冠中花青素苷的方法

花青素苷（anthocyanins）成分和含量的分析是花色研究的重要内容之一。该文利用高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子化-质谱技术（HPLC-ESI-MS）, 建立了一种快速有效地分析烟草（Nicotiana tabacum）花冠中花青素苷成分及含量的方法。在保证良好分离效果的基础上, 将分析时间缩短至15分钟, 大大提高了分析速度, 降低了成本, 并成功应用于转基因烟草花冠中花青素苷成分的分析。为不具备高效分析仪器（如超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS））的一般实验室研究花青素苷合成相关基因在烟草中的异源表达提供了一种有效且实用的分析方法。     

In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide fractions from Bifidobacterium animalis RH

The aim of the study was to purify the exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced from Bifidobacterium animalis RH, which was isolated from the feces of Bama centenarians in Guangxi of China, and evaluate their antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo. 2 fractions, a neutral EPS fraction (EPSa) and an acidic EPS fraction (EPSb), were obtained and compared for antioxidative activity. In vitro, they both showed remarkable inhibition effect on lipid peroxidation and strong DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, superoxide radical scavenging activity, in which the last two were measured by the electron spin resonance (ESR). In vivo, EPSa and EPSb were orally administrated for 30 days in a d-galactose induced aged mice model. As results, they both could significantly increase the activities of SOD, CAT and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) in serums and glutathione GST in livers. They also could inhibit significantly the formation of MDA in serums and livers, and reduce the activity of MAO and lipofuscin accumulation in mice brain. Moreover, EPSb exhibited much higher antioxidant activities than EPSa in vitro and in vivo. The results suggested that EPS fractions of Bifidobacterium animalis RH had direct and potent antioxidant activities.     

Green microwave-assisted synthesis of cellulose/calcium silicate nanocomposites in ionic liquids and recycled ionic liquids

Fabrication of biomass materials by a microwave-assisted method in ionic liquids allows the high value-added applications of biomass by combining three major green chemistry principles: using environmentally preferable solvents, using an environmentally friendly method, and making use of renewable biomass materials. Herein, we report a rapid and green microwave-assisted method for the synthesis of the cellulose/calcium silicate nanocomposites in ionic liquids and recycled ionic liquids. These calcium silicate nanoparticles or nanosheets as prepared were homogeneously dispersed in the cellulose matrix. The experimental results confirm that the ionic liquids can be used repeatedly. Of course, the slight differences were also observed using ionic liquids and recycled ionic liquids. Compared with other conventional methods, the rapid, green, and environmentally friendly microwave-assisted method in ionic liquids opens a new window to the high value-added applications of biomass.     

Immunogenicity of Orally Administrated Recombinant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lactobacillus casei</Emphasis> Zhang Expressing <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptosporidium parvum</Emphasis> Surface Adhesion Protein P23 in Mice

Cryptosporidium parvum, an intestinal apicomplexan parasite, is a significant cause of diarrheal diseases in both humans and animals. What is more, there is no promising strategy for controlling cryptosporidiosis. In this study, the P23 immunodominant surface protein of C. parvum sporozoites was stably expressed in the Lactobacillus casei Zhang strain and its immunogenicity was evaluated in a mouse model. The molecular weight (23 kDa) and immunogenicity of p23 gene expressed by L. casei Zhang were similar to that of the native P23 protein. Oral immunization with control L. casei Zhang and recombinant L. casei Zhang-p23 activated the mucosal immune system to elicit serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and mucosal IgA in mice. Furthermore, the expression of cytokines such as IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-γ in splenocytes of mice was detected by real-time PCR after oral immunization. P23-specific immunocyte activation was also verified. These findings indicate that the live L. casei Zhang vector may be a new tool for the production of mucosal vaccines against cryptosporidiosis in animals.