Development of Triticum aestivum-Leymus racemosus translocation lines using gametocidal chromosomes

Maan[1] and Endo[2] et al. first reported that some chromosomes from Ae. longgissima, Ae. sharonensis and Ae. triuncialis showed preferential transmission when introduced into wheat background. The mechanism for this phenomenon rests with the fact that contrary to the normal fertility of gametes with these chromosomes, chromosome structural aberrations occur seriously in the gametes without these chromosomes, causing less compatibility in selective fertilization and resulting in semi-sterilit…     

小麦—大赖草易位系的RFLP分析

利用辐射、花药培养及杀配子基因效应已创制出一系列小麦-大赖草易位系.为在其中找出可能的纯合易位系、明确易位所涉及的相关染色体以及易位断裂点的确切位置,利用了已被定位于小麦7个部分同源群染色体长、短两臂上的67个探针进行了RFLP分析,结果鉴定出3个纯合的易位系:T1BL*7Lr#1S、T4BS*4BL-7Lr#1S和T6AL*7Lr#1S.其中,易位系T1BL*7Lr#1S和T6AL*7Lr#1S中染色体7Lr#1的断裂点位于标记MWG808和标记ABG476.1之间,而1B和6A染色体上的断裂点都在着丝粒附近.易位系T4BS*4BL-7Lr#1S中染色体7L#1的断裂点位于标记BCD349和标记CDO595之间,4B染色体断裂点则位于标记CDO541和标记PSR164之间的长臂上.     

两种类型卫氏并殖吸虫对猴的寄生适应性的比较研究

自发现卫氏并殖吸虫存在二倍体和三倍体两种类型以来,有关它们对不同动物宿主及人体的致病性及其机理的研究报告已见陆续发表。本文报告两种类型卫氏并殖吸虫对恒河猴和短尾猴的寄生适宜性和致病性的实验研究结果,试图为阐明两型卫氏并殖吸虫的致病机理提供依据。     

Development of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum-Leymus racemosus</Emphasis> translocation lines using gametocidal chromosomes

Specific chromosomes of certain Aegilops species introduced into wheat genome background may often facilitate chromosome breakage and refusion, and finally result in a variety of chromosome restructuring. Such a phenomenon is commonly called gametocidal effect of the chromosomes. The chromosome 2C of Ae. cylindrica is one of such chromosomes. In the present study, scab resistant wheat-L. racemosus addition lines involving chromosomes Lr.2 and Lr.7 were crossed to wheat-Ae. cylindrica disomic addition line Add2C. Then F₁ hybrids were subsequently backcrossed with wheat cv “Chinese Spring”. BC₁ plants with chromosome structural aberration were identified by C-banding. In the self-pollinated progenies of these plants, three translocation lines were developed and characterized by mitotic and meiotic analysis combined with C-banding and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using biotin-labeled genomic DNA of L. racemosus as probe. Some other putative translocation lines to be further characterized were also found. The practicability and efficiency of the translocation between wheat and alien chromosomes induced by gametocidal chromosomes, as well as the potential use of the developed alien translocation lines were also discussed.     

极端条件下异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌脱氮的研究进展

异养硝化-好氧反硝化(HN-AD)是对传统自养硝化异养反硝化理论的丰富与突破。HN-AD菌在好氧条件下可快速实现氨氮、硝态氮(NO_3~–-N)、亚硝态氮(NO_2~–-N)三氮同步脱除。它们不仅具有分布范围广、适应能力强、代谢通路特殊等特点,而且还具有世代时间短、脱氮速率快、高活性持久等独特优势,在高盐、低温、高氨氮等极端条件表现出了巨大的脱氮潜力,因此在废水生物脱氮领域受到广泛关注。文中在介绍HN-AD菌属类别及代谢机理的基础上,重点总结了在高盐、低温、高氨氮等极端条件下进行氨氮脱除的HN-AD种属,系统分析了它们在极端条件下的脱氮特性及潜力,并简述了HN-AD菌在极端条件下的工艺应用研究进展,最后展望了HN-AD脱氮技术的应用前景和研究方向。     

基于HS-SPME-GC-MS法测定酸橙不同时期及不同部位的挥发性成分CSCD

本文主要是通过不同时期酸橙果实中的挥发性成分测定和定性定量分析,获得其主要挥发性成分的变化趋势。在此基础上再选取关键时期对酸橙不同部位挥发性成分进行检测分析和趋势验证。研究方法主要是采用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)测定酸橙样品中挥发性成分,通过比对标准品、NIST谱库检索、结合文献对其挥发性成分进行鉴定,并用峰面积归一法测定和比对各组分的相对含量。结果显示,在酸橙果实中共初步鉴定出69种成分,通过对比标准品溶液确定了D-柠檬烯、γ-松油烯、芳樟醇三种成分,其中6月17日与7月1日样品的三者总含量相对较高(38.03%、33.95%)。我们选取7月1日酸橙不同部位样品进行检测分析,共鉴定出64种不同化合物,不同部位之间挥发性成分的组成差异较大。其中根部位共鉴定34种,主要成分为榄香醇(38.24%)、反式-α-香柑油烯(23.85%)等;茎部位共鉴定30种,主要成分为榄香醇(23.98%)、百里酚(17.29%)、反式-α-香柑油烯(13.74%)、芳樟醇(8.92%)等;叶部位鉴定41种,主要成分为芳樟醇(24.51%)、百里酚(23.49%)、榄香醇(10.35%)等;分析不同时期酸橙果实挥发性成分发现,D-柠檬烯等三种化合物的相对含量随着生长期呈现“先逐渐上升后逐渐下降”的趋势;酸橙茎、叶中挥发性成分组成丰富,芳樟醇等单萜类成分相对含量较高。本实验为酸橙果实挥发性成分及非药用部位的综合利用提供了数据和技术参考。     

利用杀配子染色体创造普通小麦-大赖草异易位系

某些山羊草染色体在普通小麦遗传背景中可引起小麦染色体发生断裂、重接从而产生染色体结构变异, 利用这一机制, 用抗赤霉病普通小麦-大赖草Lr2和Lr7染色体二体附加系与普通小麦-柱穗山羊草的2C杀配子染色体二体附加系杂交, 再用中国春回交, 采用染色体C分带技术从BC1中初筛出染色体结构发生变异的植株, 再通过染色体C分带和基因组荧光原位杂交技术, 并结合花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ的染色体配对分析, 对其自交后代作细致的细胞学分析, 选育出3个普通小麦-大赖草纯合易位系T1DS-Lr7L(98002, NAU633), T4AL·4AS-Lr7S(98004, NAU634)和T1BL-Lr2S (98048, NAU635), 以及一批尚待鉴定的含小麦与大赖草染色体易位植株. 对杀配子染色体在诱导小麦与外源染色体间易位的可行性和效率, 以及异易位系的利用价值进行了讨论.