植物隐性核不育材料姊妹交后代的育性分离模式

植物隐性核不育材料姊妹交后代的育性分离模式王山荭,杨丽,刘秉华（中国农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所北京１０００８１）植物雄性不育是由于遗传、环境或理化因素引起的雄性器官退化、发育不良或花粉败育而不能行使正常生殖功能的现象。细胞核基因控制的雄性不育性,即...     

一个新的小麦核不育材料的发现和鉴定

从轮选可育株衍生的后代中发现一个雄性不育株,即P740不育材料。在P7 40不育材料第1、2、3次姊妹交后代中,可育株与不育株的分离比分别符合4:1、 7:5和15:13。在第2次姊妹交后代中可育株产生的40个株系中,7个株系的育性分离比是15:1,33个株系是3:1,二者约分别占1/7和6/7。以上结果表明,P740是一个双隐性基因控制的核雄性不育材料。本文提出了计算隐性核不育材料姊妹交后代育性分离比率的公式。 Abstract:A male sterile material was found in the progeny derived from a fertile plant in the population of recurrent selection.The ratios of fertile to sterile plants in three sib-mating of the male sterile material with fertile plants were to 4:1,7:5 and 15:13,respcctively.In the 40 plant lines derived from the fertile plants of second sib-mating population,33 lines approximated to the segregation ratio of 3(fertile):a double recessive nuclear male sterile material.A genetic pattern for calculation of fertile segregation in sib-mating progenies of recessive nuclear male sterile material was advanced in this paper.     

中国春小麦株高、育性近等基因系的建立及应用

以矮败小麦和中国春小麦为材料,经过杂交和连续回交,得到了中国春小麦遗传背景的分别表现矮秆不育、矮秆可育、高秆不育、高秆可育的近等基因系。根据近等基因系各成员系的株高表现,计算出矮秆基因Rht10的降秆强度是69.8%。借助于赤霉酸处理,在幼芽期就可分出矮败中国春小麦后代的不育株与可育株。 Abstract：　Use Dwarfing Male-sterile Wheat and cv. Chinese Spring as parents, after cross and continuously back cross, the isogenic lines with Chinese Spring background were developed. These lines include dwarfing male-sterile line, dwarfing fertile line, tall male-sterile line and tall fertile line. The dwarfing intensity of gene Rht10 was calculated to be 69.8% according the differences between the isogenic lines. Treated with GA3solution, the male-sterile and fertile plants in Chinese Spring Dwarfing Male-sterile Wheat can be identified clearly when they are seedlings.     

玉米低密度育种芯片开发及在种质资源评价中的应用

SNP基因分型芯片是分子育种的重要工具,高密度SNP芯片往往存在标记冗余、价格高、目标性不强等问题,是分子育种走向常规化、规模化的主要限制因素之一.本研究介绍了一款新开发的低密度育种芯片,并就芯片在种质资源评价中的价值进行了分析.首先,对37份玉米自交系进行10×重测序,获得了18.2 Mb的SNP标记,从中挑选208...     

小麦染色体代换的研究与利用

生物科学研究的进展或突破,在很大程度上取决于先进的研究手段和得心应手的实验材料。例如,研究个别基因的效应,利用近等基因系;明确个别染色体的效应,借助于染色体代换系。染色体代换是一个物种或品种的个别染色体代换另一个物种或品种相应染色体所产生的品系。如果...     

小麦雌雄不育的奇特遗传种质

小麦雌雄不育的奇特遗传种质杨丽,刘秉华,王山荭（中国农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所北京１０００８１）显花植物的雄性不育现象是人们首先注意并加以研究利用的遗传变异之一;雌性不育虽也有发现,但迄今为止对其产生的内在机制还知之甚少;受一套遗传基因控制的既雄性...     

矮败八倍体小黑麦

八倍体小黑麦是人工合成的新物种,含有Ａ、Ｂ、Ｄ、Ｒ４个染色体组,作物育种工作者经过几十年坚持不懈的努力,小黑麦的农艺性状已经有了很大改良,选育的品种也开始应用于生产。但是,小黑麦毕竟是１个新作物,整体水平远不如有数千年栽培历史的普通小麦。因此,小黑麦...     

中国春小麦株高、育性近等基因系的建立及应用

以矮败小麦和中国春小麦为材料,经过杂交和连续回交,得到了中国春小麦遗传背景的分别表现矮秆不育、矮秆可育、高秆不育、高秆可育的近等基因系。根据近等基因系各成员系的株高表现,计算出矮秆基因Rht10的降秆强度是69.8%。借助于赤霉酸处理,在幼芽期就可分出矮败中国春小麦后代的不育株与可育株。 Abstract：　Use Dwarfing Male-sterile Wheat and cv. Chinese Spring as parents, after cross and continuously back cross, the isogenic lines with Chinese Spring background were developed. These lines include dwarfing male-sterile line, dwarfing fertile line, tall male-sterile line and tall fertile line. The dwarfing intensity of gene Rht10 was calculated to be 69.8% according the differences between the isogenic lines. Treated with GA3solution, the male-sterile and fertile plants in Chinese Spring Dwarfing Male-sterile Wheat can be identified clearly when they are seedlings.