北京西山侏罗纪大同锥叶蕨的研究

大同锥叶蕨Coniopteris tatungensis 是侏罗纪植物群常见的分子。由于对该植物特征认识的不同, 对其在分类上的归属有不同意见,或归入膜蕨型锥叶蕨C．hymenophylloides,或归入简单锥叶蕨C. simplex。通过对产自北京西山斋堂地区窑坡组下段的标本的深入研究,特别是用扫描电子显微镜对该 标本的孢子囊群和孢子囊的观察,确认大同锥叶蕨在锥叶蕨属的种级分类上的独立性。文中还初步讨论了其分类和地理分布。     

噻虫嗪对意大利蜜蜂6种CYP6AS基因表达的影响

细胞色素P450单氧酶(cytochrome P450 monooxygenase,CYP)是昆虫体内重要的解毒酶。CYP6AS亚家族基因特异性的存在于膜翅目昆虫中,一些特异性的CYP6AS基因已经被证实参与到蜜蜂对某些外源物质和杀虫剂的解毒和代谢过程中。本研究主要探测了亚致死浓度噻虫嗪对意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica CYP单氧酶活性及CYP6AS亚家族基因表达水平的影响。首先测定了噻虫嗪LC_(10)和LC_5经口处理4日龄意大利蜜蜂后48 h CYP酶活性,然后应用荧光定量PCR技术检测了6种CYP6AS基因(CYP6AS3,CYP6AS4,CYP6AS5,CYP6AS10,CYP6AS14和CYP6AS15)表达变化情况。结果表明,噻虫嗪LC_(10)和LC_5处理后,意大利蜜蜂CYP酶活性均极显著增加(P0.01)。噻虫嗪LC_(10)和LC_5处理对意大利蜜蜂CYP6AS4,CYP6AS10和CYP6AS15基因表达没有显著影响;LC_(10)和LC_5处理后CYP6AS3基因表达量显著增加(P0.05); LC_(10)处理能够显著诱导CYP6AS5基因上调表达(P0.05);而LC_(10)和LC_5处理极显著抑制CYP6AS14基因的表达(P0.01)。这为进一步探究蜜蜂对噻虫嗪的解毒机制提供了新的线索。     

巨噬细胞与前列腺素

巨噬细胞产生和分泌前列腺素与其功能有明显关系,激活后的巨噬细胞产生的前列腺素明显增加。许多因素能影响巨噬细胞产生前列腺素。     

定量分析第三纪以来环境变化的新方法——特有种气候分析法

There are many extant endemic plants in China, which were widelydistributed in the North Hemisphere during Tertiary. The global cooling during the Tertiary caused a series of narrow distribution regions of the plants. Quaternary glaciation invaded most regions of North America and Eurasia where severe destruction was imposed onto vegetation. However, such destruction was lessened in China largely because of specific topographic and geographical and obviously, a number of other conditions accounted for an unusual refugee camp for the relics of plants in China, among which lots of endemic taxa exist. Recently, Chinese endemic species, such as Metaseqouia, Eucommia, have been employed to conduct multi-disciplinary comprehensive studies so as to analyze Tertiary climate changes quantitatively. Meanwhile, a rigorous method, i.e. climate analysis of endemic species (CAES) has come to maturation. This method is characteristic of some generality because it is supposed to be applicable to the endemic species in other regions of the world. CAES is involved in the following aspects: 1. Conduct multidisciplinary studies on living and fossil species of endemic plants and trace their evolutionary courses. 2. Compare fossil species with living one and clarify which is the nearest living relative (NLR) to fossil counterpart. 3. Fossils and their living counterparts (NLR) are supposed to have similar ecological requirements to meet their life cycles. 4. Investigate the geographic distribution of living and fossil plants within the same taxa and ascertain the dynamic changes of their distributions in geological age. 5. Analyze climate factors in the distribution of specific endemic taxa and obtain the data of climatic characters which are suitable for reconstruction of paleoclimate where fossil counterparts lived. 6. Further study the physio-ecology of living species and determinate paleoclimate where fossil counterparts lived. 7. Integrate analysis of the data from steps 4, 5 and 6, and quantitatively reconstruct the climate where fossil and living plants survive.     

表达猪瘟病毒E2蛋白的BacMam病毒的构建及其免疫原性分析

含具有哺乳动物细胞活性的启动子的重组杆状病毒(BacMam病毒)可有效转导多种哺乳动物细胞,并被广泛用于开发新型非复制型载体疫苗．将水泡性口炎病毒G蛋白(VSV-G)基因插入多角体启动子下游,得到经修饰的杆状病毒转移载体,将对虾白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)ie1启动子控制下的猪瘟病毒E2基因表达盒插入此载体中,构建了BacMam病毒BacMam/G-ie1-E2,以其感染Sf9细胞和转导HeLa细胞,通过间接免疫荧光试验和Western blot分析检测E蛋白的表达,同时用BacMam病毒直接免疫小鼠,用检测猪瘟病毒抗体的间接ELISA方法检测免疫小鼠血清抗体,用基于CFSE和WST-8的淋巴细胞增殖试验评价其细胞免疫应答．结果显示,BacMam/G-ie1-E2能同时在昆虫细胞和哺乳动物细胞中高效表达E2蛋白,免疫小鼠能诱导产生针对猪瘟病毒的特异性抗体,免疫小鼠脾细胞经猪瘟病毒刺激后能诱导特异性的淋巴细胞增殖．这表明,由BacMam病毒介导的基因转移有望用于开发针对猪瘟病毒的非复制型载体疫苗．     

裸子植物雄球花——纤细堆囊穗的修订

研究了采自中国东北晚三叠世羊草沟组的一种裸子植物雄球花——纤细堆囊穗。通过对新材料的研究,发现这种雄球花小孢子叶末端的裂片在形态上差异很大,这是原来没有发现的十分重要的特征。这些保存精美的化石对于纤细堆囊穗特征的阐明和修订以及物种复原很有帮助。将中国的标本与西伯利亚堆囊穗、小堆囊穗、乌尔马堆囊穗和被定为长叶拜拉的雄球花进行了比较,发现它们与纤细堆囊穗在特征上一致,故将它们处理为纤细堆囊穗的异名。修订后的纤细堆囊穗包括上面所提到的所有种。同时,也讨论了堆囊穗属可能的演化意义。它可能是银杏属的远祖,经过小孢子囊数目的减少和小孢子叶长度的缩短而演化到现在的银杏,而产自辽西早白垩世的辽宁银杏可能代表了堆囊穗和现代银杏在形态演化上的一个中间步骤。     

中国东北古新世植物群:广义山茱萸科美中果和白令叶

描述并厘定了黑龙江省嘉荫县古新世乌云植物群中的广义山茱萸科绝灭类型镘形美中果(Amersinia obtrullata Manchester, Crane et Golovneva)和假古老白令叶(Beringiaphyllum pseudoantiquum (Golovneva) Manchester, Crane et Golovneva).将前人鉴定为昆栏树属(未定种)(Trochodendron sp.)的果序化石归入镘形美中果;将前人确定为鲜艳杨(Populus carneosa)、假原始叶南蛇藤(Celastrophyllum subprotophyllum)、古老荚(Viburnum antiquum)、粗糙荚(V. asperum)、疏齿荚叶(Viburniphyllum finale)、乌云原始叶(Potophyllum wuyunense)、海丹原始叶(近似种)(P. cf. haydenii)、卵圆原始叶(P. ovatifolium)和不规则克里木(Credneria inordinata)等归入假古老白令叶.     

三种正常与矮化植物的木材比较观察

本文比较观察了三种不同木材类型的正常与矮化树木的木材结构:针叶材的太白红杉(Larix chinensis Beissn.)、散孔材的辽东桤木(Alnus sibirica Fisch.)和环孔材的蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica Fisch.)。这些植物在个体发育过程中,各年的年轮宽度及管状分子长度、宽度等变化,存在各自的规律性。这些规律并不因生长环境的差异而变更。不过,逆境下生长的矮化植株的年轮宽度和管状分子的大小明显地比正常的要窄小,同时在木材结构的其它数量性状上,也有较大变化;然而,其各自的种属定性特征仍保持稳定。这些似乎可说明:生态环境的变化对木材结构的数量性状有较大影响,但是对木材种属的定性特征则无明显作用。