Characterization of changes in land cover and carbon storage in Northeastern China: An analysis based on Landsat TM data

We use Landsat TM time series data for the years of 1991/1992, 1995/1996 and 1999/2000 to characterize land-cover change in northeast China. With the information on land-cover change and the density of vegetation and soil carbon, we assess the potential effect of land-cover change on vegetation and soil carbon in this region. Our results show a large decrease of 2.76(104km2 in forest area and a rapid increase of 2.32(104km2 in urban area. Land-cover changes in northeast China have resulted in a potential maximum loss of 273.2 Tg C for the period of 1991-2000, with a net loss of 95.7 Tg C in vegetation and 177.5Tg C in soil. . The conversion of forests into other land-cover types could have potentially resulted in a loss of 254.6 Tg C for the study period, accounting for 68.8% of the total potential carbon loss in the northeast China. To quantify the net effect of land-cover change on carbon storage will require accounting for vegetation regrowth and soil processes. Our results also imply that forest protectionand reforestation are of critical importance to carbon sequestration in China.     

土地覆盖变化检测方法比较——以内蒙古草原区为例

随着对地观测技术的不断发展,遥感影像分辨率逐渐提高,促进了基于遥感影像的变化检测从传统像元级的检测向面向对象的检测转变。为了探究面向对象的变化检测方法在土地覆盖变化检测中的有效性和适用性,对面向对象的变化检测方法与常规的变化检测方法进行对比评价。以内蒙古鄂尔多斯和包头地区为试验区,选取2002年及2011年的Landsat TM/ETM+影像为数据源,比较了图像代数运算、图像变换、图像空间结构特征和面向对象的多种变化检测方法,对研究区两期土地覆盖进行了变化检测研究。结果表明:面向对象的变化检测方法在总体精度、kappa系数上都有明显的优越性,总体精度均在87.42%以上,尤其以面向对象的变化矢量分析方法精度最高,达91.56%。此外,主成分差异法也有较好的检测效果,总体精度为87.83%。对总体精度较高的3种方法在不同土地覆盖变化类型中检测效果的研究表明:对于研究区几种主要土地覆盖变化类型,面向对象的变化矢量分析法均有较理想的检测效果,平均精度为85%左右,且始终优于面向对象的光谱向量相似法,以居民地及旱地相关的变化类型最为明显;主成分差异法对不同土地覆盖变化类型检测效果差异很大,对其中4种变化类型的精度甚至达到了93%以上,但对于检测草地与裸地间转化精度很低,甚至只有8.69%;在与工矿用地有关的土地覆盖变化类型中,面向对象的变化矢量分析法的精度明显高于主成分差异法,而在与居民地有关的变化类型中,主成分差异法表现出一定优势。     

毛乌素沙地中间锦鸡儿根瘤菌的多样性及其抗逆性

从内蒙古毛乌素沙地优势物种中间锦鸡儿收集根瘤,分离根瘤菌15株,对其进行同工酶电泳,聚类分析证明中间锦鸡儿的遗传多样性.对其耐盐性、耐酸碱性、生长温度范围、产酸产碱性、过氧化氢酶活性以及唯一碳源利用能力进行比较研究,结果表明,所有中间锦鸡儿根瘤菌均分泌H⁺,都具有过氧化氢酶活性,73.3%的菌株可以在含3%NaCl的YMA培养基上生长,80%的菌株可以抵抗50℃高温,除对乳糖和淀粉利用表现出差异外,中间锦鸡儿根瘤菌对其余碳源没有选择性,证明中间锦鸡儿根瘤菌具有较强的抗逆性,但仍存在菌株间差异,是对毛乌素沙地多种景观生态类型的适应.作为一种新的种质资源,中间锦鸡儿根瘤菌可用于恶劣生境固氮.     

基于辐射传输模型的叶绿素含量定量反演

利用基于叶片内部辐射传输机制的PROSPECT模型模拟大量不同生化含量和叶肉结构的叶片光谱,研究利用高光谱植被指数定量反演叶绿素含量的可行性和精度,并比较各指数的稳定性和抗干扰能力。结果显示,各指数在对叶绿素的敏感性方面相差不大,除三角植被指数(TVI)外,其它指数均随叶绿素含量的增加而减小。叶片水分含量的差异对各指数的影响很小,干物质次之,叶肉结构影响最大。在抵抗干物质影响和叶肉结构影响方面,结构无关色素指数(SIPI)明显优于其它四种指数,吸收中心波深归一化后的面积指数(ABNC)次之。通过使用叶片光学模型的模拟光谱来研究叶绿素含量变化的光谱响应及其影响因素和反演策略,具有较强的理论性和普适性。研究结果与实际观测相吻合,方法简单易行。     

汶川地震灾害核心区生态环境影响评估

5．12汶川大地震不仅造成了惨重的人员伤亡和巨大的经济损失，而且对当地生态环境产生了严重的影响。以多种卫星遥感数据为信息源，运用地理信息系统、遥感和综合分析技术，从地表植被、农田生态系统、河道水体、自然保护区以及消、杀、灭药剂等几个方面，对受灾的汶川等36个县市的生态环境进行了全面评估。评估结果显示：汶川地震灾害核心区预计发生滑坡、泥石流等次生地质灾害的面积为190．86km^2，占灾区总土地面积的0．19％；灾区林、草地预计受损164．96km^2，占灾区林、草地总面积的0．22％；灾区农田预计毁坏57．77km^2，占灾区农田总面积的0．29％，受损农田主要分布在西部山区；灾区发生河道阻塞34处，主要分布在龙门山北段的平武、北川、江油、青川、茂县等山体大量滑坡的县市；卧龙自然保护区大熊猫的主要生活区域，发生滑坡、泥石流等灾害1．44km^2，受损林地面积比例为0．28％，给大熊猫的取食造成了严重威胁。     

Characterization of changes in land cover and carbon storage in Northeastern China: An analysis based on Landsat TM data

We use Landsat TM time series data for the years of 1991/1992, 1995/1996 and1999/2000 to characterize land-cover change in northeast China. With the information onland-cover change and the density of vegetation and soil carbon, we assess the potential effect of land-cover change on vegetation and soil carbon in this region. Our results show a large decrease of 2.76×10~4km~2 in forest area and a rapid increase of 2.32×10~4km~2 in urban area. Land-cover changes in northeast China have resulted in a potential maximum loss of 273.2 Tg C for the period of 1991-2000, with a net loss of 95.7 Tg C in vegetation and 177.5Tg C in soil. The conversionof forests into other land-cover types could have potentially resulted in a loss of 254.6 Tg C for thestudy period, accounting for 68.8% of the total potential carbon loss in the northeast China. To quantify the net effect of land-cover change on carbon storage will require accounting for vegeta-tion regrowth and soil processes. Our results also imply that forest protection and reforestation are of critical importance to carbon sequestration in China.