首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   21571篇
  免费   3933篇
  国内免费   3736篇
  2024年   28篇
  2023年   467篇
  2022年   670篇
  2021年   1068篇
  2020年   1084篇
  2019年   1145篇
  2018年   980篇
  2017年   790篇
  2016年   918篇
  2015年   1365篇
  2014年   1722篇
  2013年   1699篇
  2012年   2258篇
  2011年   2185篇
  2010年   1523篇
  2009年   1324篇
  2008年   1467篇
  2007年   1442篇
  2006年   1212篇
  2005年   1080篇
  2004年   767篇
  2003年   629篇
  2002年   641篇
  2001年   467篇
  2000年   463篇
  1999年   378篇
  1998年   183篇
  1997年   162篇
  1996年   148篇
  1995年   141篇
  1994年   117篇
  1993年   81篇
  1992年   102篇
  1991年   82篇
  1990年   70篇
  1989年   58篇
  1988年   47篇
  1987年   38篇
  1986年   46篇
  1985年   47篇
  1984年   33篇
  1983年   19篇
  1982年   25篇
  1981年   12篇
  1980年   4篇
  1979年   11篇
  1978年   4篇
  1976年   9篇
  1975年   8篇
  1950年   4篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The absorption of phospholipid may improve the fluidity of membrane and enzyme activities. Phospholipids also play a role in promoting Caveolae formation and membrane synthesis. Caveolin-1 has a significant effect on signaling pathways involved in regulating cell proliferation and stress responsiveness. Thus, we can speculate that Caveolin-1 could affect the sense of environmental stress. We use Chang liver cell line to investigate the ability of Caveolin-1 to modulate the cellular response to ethanol injury. Caveolin-1 downregulate cells (Cav-1?/?) were established by stable transfecting with psiRNA-CAV1 plasmids, which were more sensitive to toxic effects of ethanol than the untransfected parental cells (WT). Releasing of ALT and electric conductivity were changed significantly in Cav-1?/? cells compared with WT. Caveolin-1 gene silencing could obviously down-regulate the activities of protein kinase C-α (PKC-α) and phospho-p42/44 MAP kinase, indicating cell proliferation and self-repairing abilities were inhibited. However, the levels of Caveolin-1 and PKC-α were increased by phosphatidylcholine administration. The results indicated that the inhibition of lipid peroxidation by phosphatidylcholine could lead to the prevention of membrane disruption, which closely correlated with the level of Caveolin-1. Since the protective effects of phosphatidylcholine against ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation might be regulated by phospholipid-PKC-α signaling pathway, related with Caveolin-1, the potential effects of phosphatidylcholine on membranes need to be verified.  相似文献   
2.
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (cas) genes constitute the adaptive immune system in bacteria and archaea. Although the CRISPR-Cas systems have been hypothesized to encode potential toxins, no experimental data supporting the hypothesis are available in the literature. In this work, we provide the first experimental evidence for the presence of a toxin gene in the type I-A CRISPR system of hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus. csa5, under the control of its native promoter in a shuttle vector, could not be transformed into CRISPR-deficient mutant Sulfolobus solfataricus Sens1, demonstrating a strong toxicity in the cells. A single-amino-acid mutation destroying the intersubunit bridge of Csa5 attenuated the toxicity, indicative of the importance of Csa5 oligomerization for its toxicity. In line with the absence of Csa5 toxicity in S. solfataricus InF1 containing functional CRISPR systems, the expression of csa5 is repressed in InF1 cells. Induced from the arabinose promoter in Sens1 cells, Csa5 oligomers resistant to 1% SDS co-occur with chromosome degradation and cell death, reinforcing the connection between Csa5 oligomerization and its toxicity. Importantly, a rudivirus was shown to induce Csa5 expression and the formation of SDS-resistant Csa5 oligomers in Sulfolobus cells. This demonstrates that the derepression of csa5 and the subsequent Csa5 oligomerization take place in native virus-host systems. Thus, csa5 is likely to act as a suicide gene under certain circumstances to inhibit virus spreading.  相似文献   
3.
4.
5.
It is a long-standing question as to which genes define the characteristic facial features among different ethnic groups. In this study, we use Uyghurs, an ancient admixed population to query the genetic bases why Europeans and Han Chinese look different. Facial traits were analyzed based on high-dense 3D facial images; numerous biometric spaces were examined for divergent facial features between European and Han Chinese, ranging from inter-landmark distances to dense shape geometrics. Genome-wide association studies(GWAS) were conducted on a discovery panel of Uyghurs. Six significant loci were identified, four of which, rs1868752, rs118078182, rs60159418 at or near UBASH3B, COL23A1, PCDH7 and rs17868256 were replicated in independent cohorts of Uyghurs or Southern Han Chinese. A prospective model was also developed to predict 3D faces based on top GWAS signals and tested in hypothetic forensic scenarios.  相似文献   
6.
巴西橡胶树液泡ATP酶F亚基基因克隆及表达   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据筛选文库时获得的EST序列信息,利用RACE技术分离了一个巴西橡胶树ATP酶 F亚基基因,命名为HbVHA-F.结果显示,该基因cDNA全长658 bp,含有完整的阅读框架,编码130个氨基酸.序列比对及结构预测分析表明,HbVHA-F编码的氨基酸序列与杨树、水稻、黄麻、小麦和香蕉中相应基因氨基酸序列的一致性分别达到88.46%、86.15%、84.62%、83.85%和74.62%,与杨树一致性最高,并与其他高等植物聚为一类.半定量RT-PCR分析显示,割胶(机械伤害)和乙烯利能够诱导HbVHA-F基因的表达.HbVHA-F基因可能通过转录表达调节参与了乙烯利刺激橡胶树增产的分子调控.  相似文献   
7.
应用mRNA差异显示技术,对高耐SO2玉米自交系Q9进行了SO2胁迫下的基因差异表达分析.结果显示,30对引物组合进行的PCR扩增中,获得了13条差异表达的cDNA片段,其中3条诱导表达,2条增强表达,6条减量表达,2条抑制表达.序列分析和数据库比对表明,GenBank中只搜寻到5条cDNA序列,其中2条增强表达的cDNA片段D1和D5分别与氨基酸结合蛋白ABP、锌指结构转录因子蛋白DOF部分序列高度同源,其他诱导表达的3条cDNA(D3、D6、D11)功能未知,可能是新的cDNA片段.经半定量RT-PCR分析验证,D1和D5转录水平受SO2胁迫表达显著增强,推测D1和D5可能参与了玉米对SO2胁迫的抗性反应.  相似文献   
8.
Large-scale flexibility within a multidomain protein often plays an important role in its biological function. Despite its inherent low resolution, small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) is well suited to investigate protein flexibility and determine, with the help of computational modeling, what kinds of protein conformations would coexist in solution. In this article, we develop a tool that combines SAXS data with a previously developed sampling technique called amplified collective motions (ACM) to elucidate structures of highly dynamic multidomain proteins in solution. We demonstrate the use of this tool in two proteins, bacteriophage T4 lysozyme and tandem WW domains of the formin-binding protein 21. The ACM simulations can sample the conformational space of proteins much more extensively than standard molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Therefore, conformations generated by ACM are significantly better at reproducing the SAXS data than are those from MD simulations.  相似文献   
9.
【目的】比较敲除meq基因的马立克氏病毒(MDV)与标准疫苗株CVI988/Rispens对MDV超强毒GX0101攻毒的免疫保护作用。【方法】本实验将1日龄SPF鸡120只随机分成4组,每组30只,分别饲养在正压过滤空气的SPF动物饲养隔离罩内。1日龄时,第1组鸡以2000PFU/只的剂量颈部皮下接种SC9-1;第2组鸡以2000PFU/只的剂量颈部皮下接种CVI988/Rispens;第3、4组为不免疫攻毒对照组。免疫接种后5 d后,第1、2、3组分别以2000PFU/只的剂量腹腔接种MDV GX0101。饲养至90日龄,记录死亡情况,对死亡鸡只剖检,并取疑似马立克特有病变脏器做病理切片。期间,检测不同免疫状态下病毒GX0101的增殖动态以及禽流感、新城疫灭活苗在鸡体诱导产生抗体的水平。对含有MDV母源抗体的海蓝褐鸡的试验方案与SPF鸡一致。【结果】SC9-1株免疫对感染MDV GX0101攻击SPF鸡、海兰褐鸡均提供100%的免疫保护作用;CVI988/Rispens对SPF鸡、海兰褐鸡分别提供86.7%、93%的免疫保护作用。未免疫SPF鸡攻毒组死亡率为53.3%,肿瘤率为16.7%;未免疫海兰褐鸡攻毒组死亡率为36.7%,肿瘤率为6.67%;相比,空白对照组鸡只没有任何病变及死亡。荧光定量结果显示,淋巴细胞和羽毛囊DNA中,SC9-1免疫组鸡体内GX0101的病毒拷贝数显著低于CVI988/Rispens免疫组。血凝抑制试验结果显示,SC9-1免疫攻毒组鸡的产生的AIV、NDV抗体水平高于CVI988/Rispens免疫攻毒组。【结论】SC9-1株免疫无论在SPF鸡还是含有MDV母源抗体的海兰褐鸡均能提供比CVI988/Rispens更好的免疫保护效果。  相似文献   
10.
β-Adrenergic agonists (β-agonists) are illegally used in animal husbandry, threatening the health of consumers. To realize multianalyte detection of β-agonists, a β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) was cloned from Syrian hamster lung and heterogeneously expressed by Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells. The recombinant β2-AR was purified from intracellular soluble proteins of infected Sf9 cells, and was utilized to establish an enzyme-linked-receptor assay (ELRA) to detect a group of β-agonists simultaneously. This assay was based on direct competitive inhibition of binding of horseradish peroxidase-labeled ractopamine to the immobilized β2-AR proteins by β-agonists. The IC50 and limit of detection values for ractopamine were 30.38 μg L−1 and 5.20 μg L−1, respectively. Clenbuterol and salbutamol showed 87.7% and 58.5% cross-reactivities with ractopamine, respectively. This assay is simple, rapid, and environmentally friendly, showing a potential application in the screening of β-agonists in animal feeds.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号