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1.
以云南特有濒危树种黑黄檀(Dalbergia fusca)的种子为材料,研究了脱落酸(ABA)对种子萌发的抑制作用,以及种子萌发过程中吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉酸(GA_3)、6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)和乙烯利对ABA的拮抗作用.黑黄檀种子萌发的适宜温度为30℃.交替光照(14 h光照和10 h黑暗)以及黑暗对种子萌发没有明显的影响.0.001~0.1 mmol/L ABA不影响种子的萌发率,但降低种子的萌发进程;1 mmol/L和2.5mmol/L ABA显著地抑制种子的萌发率和萌发进程.种子的萌发率不被0.0001~1 mmol/L IAA和GA3、0.0001~0.1 mmol/L 6-BA、以及0.001~10 mmol/L 乙烯利(乙烯供体)的影响,但被1 mmol/L 6-BA抑制.1mmol/L ABA对种子萌发的抑制作用能被0.01~1 mmol/L IAA、0.01~1 mmol/L GA3、0.001~0.1 mmol/L 6-BA和0.1~10 mmol/L乙烯利所拮抗,而且这种拈扰作用与植物激素的类型和浓度有关.0.01 mmol/L 6-BA和0.1 mmol/L乙烯利对l mmol/L ABA抑制作用的拈抗不能被添加0.001 mmol/L IAA或者O.001 mmol/L GA3加成.但0.1 mmol/L 乙烯利对1 mmol/L ABA抑制作用的拮抗能够被添加O.01 mmol/L 6-BA或者0.1 mmol/L 6-BA加成,导致更高的萌发率和幼苗生长.  相似文献   
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The effects of putrescine and ethephon on peroxidase (POD; EC 1.11.1.7), polyphenol oxidase (PPO; EC 1.14.18.1), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) activities and proline content in spinach leaves under saline stress were investigated. In control conditions, putrescine increased PPO and CAT activities and proline content, but decreased POD activity. Ethephon increased these three enzyme activities but did not affect proline content. In saline conditions, putrescine increased POD and CAT activities and proline content, while it decreased PPO activity. Ethephon increased both PPO and CAT activities and proline content, but decreased POD activity. Putrescine and ethephon have opposite effects on the enzyme activities and proline accumulation because they acts as antagonists.  相似文献   
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Application of different concentrations of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) to Papaver somniferum L. at the times of stem elongation, bud, and capsule formation produced different effects. Ethephon (10-2 M ) retarded growth of the plant and inhibited capsule formation during stem elongation, significantly reduced capsule size during the flowering period, but did not alter capsule development during capsule formation. When applied during the period of stem elongation, ethephon (10-3 M and 10-4 M ) reduced capsule size; alkaloid accumulation was reduced by ethephon at a concentration of 10-3 M , but slightly increased by 10-4 M . Ethephon (10-3 M and 10-4 M ) did not alter capsule development or alkaloid content significantly when applied during bud formation, but stimulated capsule size and alkaloid content when applied during capsule formation. Pretreating the plants with Ag+ (silver nitrate) did not reverse the ethephon effect. The results suggest that capsule maturation and alkaloid accumulation in P. somniferum are modified by ethylene, which is produced as a result of exogenous ethephon treatment.  相似文献   
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The effects of jasmonic acid (JA), I-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid(ACC) and 2-cholorethyl phosphonic acid (ethephon) on pollen germination wereinvestigated in strawberry cv. Tufts. ACC and ethephon stimulated pollengermination while JA was inhibitory. Pollen germination was decreased by 0.5mM JA from 42.5 to 5.8% compared with the control after4 h of incubation. On the other hand, ACC and ethephon (0.5mM) increased the pollen germination percentage to 55.6 and 60.7%,respectively. In addition, both ethephon and ACC relieved the inhibition ofpollen germination by JA.  相似文献   
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Most plants emit ethylene in response to herbivory by insects from many different feeding guilds. The elicitors of these ethylene emissions are thought to be microorganisms or oral secretion-specific compounds that are transferred when the attacking insect feeds. To find the receptors for these elicitors and describe the signaling cascades that are subsequently activated will be the challenge of future research. Past experiments on the function of herbivore-induced ethylene, which were biased toward the use of chemical treatments to manipulate ethylene, identified seven ethylene-dependent defense responses. In contrast, a genetic toolbox that consists of several mutants has rarely been used and to date, mutants have helped to identify only one additional ethylene-dependent defense response. Ethylene-dependent responses include the emission of specific volatile organic compounds as indirect defense, the accumulation of phenolic compounds, and proteinase inhibitor activity. Besides being ethylene regulated, these defenses depend strongly on the wound-hormone jasmonic acid (JA). That ethylene requires the concomitant induction of JA, or other signals, appears to be decisive. Rather than being the principal elicitor of defense responses, ethylene modulates the sensitivity to a second signal and its downstream responses. Given this modulator role, and the artifacts associated with the use of chemical treatments to manipulate ethylene production and perception, future advances in the study of ethylene’s function in plant–herbivore interactions will likely come from the use of signaling mutants or transgenic plants. It will be exciting to see if adaptive phenotypic plasticity is largely an ethylene-mediated response.  相似文献   
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Ethylene production was monitored for 48 h in two half-sibs of Pinus taeda L. grown in the greenhouse and given mechanical perturbation (MP) by flexing; and for 22 h in Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir, grown in the field and exposed to wind-mediated MP. Both species produced a peak of ethylene 18 h after MP. Seedlings of P. taeda exposed to MP for the duration of the growing season (preconditioned) produced less ethylene compared to non-MP controls, with a peak production at 8 h. One half-sib which responded to MP by an increase in radial growth produced 16 times more ethylene than another half-sib which had no significant change in radial growth. Preconditioned A. fraseri produced no significant quantities of ethylene after MP. The production of wound ethylene appears to be different from MP-induced ethylene. When an ethylene-generating solution was applied to P. taeda seedlings, it mimicked many of the morphological and mechanical characteristics of MP seedlings. The putative role of ethylene in the thigmomorphogenetic response is addressed.  相似文献   
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The main metabolite formed on incubating 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (2-CEPA) with excised bark from Hevea brasiliensis is a conjugate which has been identified as β-d-glucopyranose-1-(2-chloroethyl)phosphonate. The compound decomposes readily in acid to 2-CEPA and glucose, and is converted partially to ethylene in hot alkali. On incubation with Hevea leaf or bark, extensive conversion to ethylene occurs, probably via the enzymic formation of 2-CEPA. The enzymes emulsin and acid phosphatase also catalyse the decomposition of the conjugate to 2-CEPA and hence ethylene.  相似文献   
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利用差异显示技术从烟草中分离到一个受乙烯利诱导表达的cDNA片段,结合RACE扩增技术获得该基因的全长序列。该全长cDNA共含1350个碱基,编码区有1170 bp,通过GenBank同源性比较发现它与一条已知的烟草S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶(SAMS1,EC2.5.1.6)的基因编码区存在90%的同源性,编码的氨基酸顺序96%同源,而在cDNA的5’及3’非编码区同源性很低,且有一些短片段的缺失。设计合适的引物分别对这两个SAMS基因进行RT-PCR分析表明,SAMS1基因受高温诱导表达增强,但不受甲基紫晶诱导的氧化胁迫及盐胁迫影响,而新分离到的这个基因(SAMS2)的表达同时受高温、甲基紫晶及高盐3种胁迫的诱导。  相似文献   
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