大豆异黄酮通过刺激BEX2/BNIP3/NIX通路激活线粒体自噬保护SH-SY5Y神经元

阿特拉津是一种广泛使用的除草剂,可诱导黑质多巴胺能神经元变性,损害线粒体功能,导致帕金森病样综合征。尽管环境暴露的风险很高,但很少有研究预防阿特拉津神经毒性的药物和方法。黄酮类化合物具有良好的生物活性,如抗炎、抗氧化和细胞保护作用。异黄酮是大豆中含量最丰富的天然黄酮类化合物,具有多种有益的生物活性,包括线粒体保护作用。     

On governance in the long-term vegetation process: How to discover the rules?

Ecological practice is telling us that to identify Nature's rules, we should look for regularities in the resulting effects. Hidden rules are involved and the effects are manifested by compositional, functional, and structural transitions. This paper's focus is on two conjectures regarding the governance of specific transition compo-nents, the first supposedly under global co-ordination, and the second under superimposed site specific instability oscillations. The reality of any apparent regularity in these is the sole condition for the regularity's acceptance as a rule. Reality is testable but in retrospect only, based on time series analyses. Since long pollen spectra supply the evidence, the time period involved is measured in thousands of years. For maximal usefulness, a spectrum should have a long period length, dated horizons intensely sampled at short time steps, and precisely identified taxa. Period length and time step width matter because both may have a masking effect on the regularities. There is, of course, a natural limit for period length, which is set by the age of the pollen bearing sediments. We completed the analysis of 23 spectra using techniques deemed suitable for testing the conjectures. The spectra originated from sites in the Americas where we found suitable spectra in sufficient numbers and in geographic contiguity from the Arctic region to the Antarctic. The presented results have clear indications that the two conjectures identify real rules. The main body of the paper narrates the analyses and provides explanations. Informative materials, too voluminous for inclusion in the paper, are made available on the Internet at URL: www.vegetationdynamics.com linking to "Appen-dices Ta".     

Pathogenesis and Associated Diseases of Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV)is the primary etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma,primary effusion lymphoma and muticentric Castleman's disease.In common with the other herpesviruses,KSHV exhibits both latent and lytic life cycles,both of which are characterized by distinct gene expression profiles and programs.KSHV encodes proteins which play essential roles in the inhibition of host adaptive and innate immunity,the inhibition of apoptosis,and the regulation of the cell cycle.KSHV also encodes several proteins which have transforming and intrcellular signalling activity.     

A NEW PRIMITIVE CHALICOTHERE (PERISSODACTYLA,MAMMALIA) FROM THE EARLY EOCENE OF HUBEI, CHINA

'I.DESCR1PTIoNorderPerissodactylaOwen,l848SuperfamilyCbalicotherioideacall,l872'Family?EomoropidaeVret,l958GehusDanjiangiagen.nov.TypespeciesDaniiangiapingigen.etsp-nov.DiagnoaisSma1lprimitivecha1icothere(lengthofM/l=8.3mm),skullshallowwithcranialrostrumrelatively1ong,mandibularhorizontalramusandmandibularsymphysisfairlylongandsha1low,teeth1ow-crowned,dentitionformula:3.l.4.3/3.1.4.3.Premolarnonmolariform,P2/2tIenchant,P4/withincipientmesostyle.M/widerthan1engthwithW-shapedectoIoph,…     

Distribution and role of calmodulin in tip growing hyphae of Saprolegnia ferax

INTanDUCTIONFungalhyphaeextendbytipgrowthandhaveahigherconceotration0fCa2 intheiraPicesthantheirbases,afactwhichispr0bablyrelatedt0theimp0rtentroleplayedbycalcinminestablishingandmaintainingapical0rganizati0n,mor-ph0g9nesis,and,grtiWth[1-6].Tounderstandthethefullcti0nofCa2 inhyphaltipgrbwth,'Ca' -bindingproteinsmustbeidentifiedandtheirflincti0nsdetermined.CaM,a,ubiquitousilltracellularCa' -bindingpr0teinwhichfuncti0nst0mediatemanyCa' -regulatedpr0cessesincells,naturallyhasbeenreceivedal…     

OSCILLATIONS AND GLOBAL ATTRACTIVITY OF PERIODIC SOLUTION IN A MODEL OF RESPIRATORY DYNAMICS

61．IntroductionIn〔2〕and〔5〕，MackeyandGlasshaveproposedamodelforresplratorydynamlcswhichIsbasedonthelevelofconcentrationofCOzInthe．arterialbloodofamammal．Let一（t）b6th68ft6fls！COflC6lltfstlottofCOZ，th6flH［sgOV6tfl6dbyth66qU8tlofiwherer，p，0，narepositiveparameters，rlsanonnegatlvedelayandvmdenotesthemaxi－—uffi‘V6tttllst1Ofl’rateOfCOZ．Iflsf6Celltpsp6f〔3），GOpslS8ffiy6tslObtslllEdSUfflCIElltconditionsforallpositivesolutionsof（1．1）tooscillateaboutthePositiveequl…