水稻雄性不育系珍汕97A抽穗期的基因型分析

水稻雄性不育系珍汕97A是我国应用最大,使用最广泛的不育系,利用抽穗期基因型明确的秋光（e1e1e2e2e3e3se-1^eSe-1^e),越光（E1E1E2E2e3e3Se-1^eSe-1^e),日本晴（E1E1e2e2e3e3Se-1Se-1)和日光（E1E1E2E2e3e3Se-1Se-1)作测验品种,分析了水稻珍汕97B的抽穗期基因型,结果表明,珍汕97B的抽穗期感光基因型为：e1e1e2e2E3E3Se-1Se-1,同时还存在1对隐性感光抑制基因i-Se-1,进一步用QTL近等基因系NIL（Hd1),HIL(Hd2),NIL(Hd3),NIL(Hd5)和NIL（Hd6)进行的实验也验证了珍汕]97B 在1个显性的主效感光基因Se-1,以及其他感光修饰基因,如E3,Hd3(En-Se-1),Hd5和Hd6的基因的作用。因此,推测珍汕97A带有主效感光基因是其配制的灿型杂交稻抽穗期超亲表现的内因。     

Explaining the coexistence of asexuals with their sexual progenitors: no evidence for general-purpose genotypes in obligate parthenogens of the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae

In parthenogens, selection acts on entire genotypes rather than individual alleles. The general‐purpose genotype hypothesis (GPG) predicts that temporally variable environments select for clones with broad ecological tolerances. These general‐purpose genotypes should exhibit low fitness variance and high geometric mean fitness across environments. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the fitness of obligately and cyclically parthenogenetic genotypes of the peach‐potato aphid, Myzus persicae, on three unrelated host plants. We found genetic variation for the relative performance on different hosts, but no difference in geometric mean fitness between obligate and cyclical parthenogens. Thus, for an environmental variable of major importance to aphids, the GPG hypothesis was not supported. In addition, the lack of an overall fitness difference between reproductive modes suggests that cyclical parthenogens incur no cost of polyphenism, but neither can they compensate for the cost of sex during the parthenogenetic phase of their life cycle.     

A comprehensive landscape genomics approach for seed sourcing strategies in landscapes under varying degrees of habitat disturbance

As most ecosystems around the world are threatened by anthropogenic degradation and climate change, there is an increasing urgency to implement restoration strategies aiming at ensuring ecosystem self‐sustainability and resilience. An initial step towards that goal relies on selecting the most suitable seed sources for a successful revegetation, which can be extremely challenging in highly degraded landscapes. The most common seed sourcing strategy is to select local seeds because it is assumed that plants experience strong adaptations to their natal sites. An alternative strategy is the selection of climate‐adapted genotypes to future conditions. While considering future climatic projections is important to account for spatial shifts in climate to inform assisted gene flow and translocations, to restore highly degraded landscapes we need a comprehensive approach that first accounts for species adaptations to current at‐site environmental conditions. In this issue of Molecular Ecology Resources, Carvalho et al. present a novel landscape genomics framework to identify the most appropriate seed sourcing strategy for moderately and highly degraded sites by integrating genotype, phenotype and environmental data in a spatially explicit context for two native plant species with potential to help restore iron‐rich Amazonian savannas. This framework is amenable to be applicable and adapted to a broad range of restoration initiatives, as the dichotomy between focusing on the current or future climatic conditions should depend on the goals and environmental circumstances of each restoration site.     

星果衣属（乳嘴衣科）一新种和一中国新记录种

通过形态学、解剖学、化学与分子系统学相结合的方法对中国星果衣属地衣型真菌进行研究,发现该属一新种即Astrothelium sinense和一中国新记录种A. macrocarpum。新种的主要特征为地衣体具有突起,子囊器除顶端呈黑色外边缘部分形成白色环状区域且地衣体和假子座均为UV+黄色,含有地衣黄等。分别与其相似种进行了比较和讨论。本研究为中国地衣志的编研提供了数据储备,并为我国地衣型真菌物种资源开发利用提供基础资料。     

Recovery from handling stress in Gadus morhua

The time needed for juvenile cod Gadus morhua to recover from handling stress, and also whether observer presence or haemoglobin genotype influenced recovery time, were investigated. Time to recovery after handling was found to be 1·5 h based on opercular beat frequencies and behaviour. No effects of haemoglobin genotype or observer presence were found.     

Pregnant mares' serum gonadotropin source influences fertilization and fresh or thawed embryo development,but the effect is genotype specific

The influence of the source of pregnant mares' serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on the num ber, quality, and in vitro development of mouse embryos before and after freezing was evaluated among three genotypes: N:NIH(S), C57BL/6N, and C3H/HeN-MTV^?. Immature females were given PMSG from one of five commercial sources. Following col lection ( 116 hr later), embryos were evaluated for stage of development, and four-to eight-cell embryos were pooled within genotype and assigned to standardized fresh or freeze-thaw culture trials. Different PMSG sources stimulated the production of different num bers of total embryos (P < 0.05) but not necessarily more embryos suitable for freezing. Differences in embryo production among genotypes indicated that absolute embryo num bers using a single mouse genotype may not accurately reflect the potency of a specific gonadotropin source. The PMSG source also affected the ability of an embryo to survive in culture either immediately after collection or after frozen storage. The effect, however, was genotype specific, with some mouse strains being relatively insensitive to PMSG source, whereas gonadotropin source played a major role in determining in vitro viability in others. Development rates for freshly collected embryos differed, often inconsistently, from those of thawed embryos regardless of the PMSG source used, demonstrating that fresh embryo development cannot be used to estimate expected post-thaw survival. In vitro development of thawed embryos is influenced not only by genotype, but also the source of the gonadotropin used to promote follicular development and oocyte maturation. These findings may explain, in part, the wide variation in embryo viability and culture rates reported among laboratories and intraspecies animal populations.     

Ferrocene-based inhibitors of hepatitis C virus replication that target NS5A with low picomolar in vitro antiviral activity

An unprecedented series of organometallic HCV (hepatitis C virus) NS5A (nonstructural 5A protein) replication complex inhibitors that incorporates a 1,1′-ferrocenediyl scaffold was explored. This scaffold introduces the elements of linear flexibility and non-planar topology that are unconventional for this class of inhibitors. Data from 2-D NMR spectroscopic analyses of these complexes in solution support an anti (unstacked) arrangement of the pharmacophoric groups. Several complexes demonstrate single-digit picomolar in vitro activity in an HCV genotype-1b replicon system. One complex to arise from this investigation (10a) exhibits exceptional picomolar activity against HCV genotype 1a and 1b replicons, low hepatocellular cytotoxicity, and good pharmacokinetic properties in rat.