本底资源不清严重制约我国杜鹃花属植物的生物多样性保护

中国杜鹃花属植物已超过600种,是世界杜鹃花属的现代分布中心和分化中心之一。本文以杜鹃花红色名录、中国高等植物红色名录以及中国高等植物受威胁物种名录为基础,对我国杜鹃花的濒危现状进行分析,并根据极度濒危杜鹃花的最新调查结果,结合IUCN红色名录和极小种群野生植物标准对它们进行重新评估。评估结果认为,杜鹃花属12个极度濒危物种中,有4个物种降低了极度濒危的等级,1个物种数据缺乏,1个物种灭绝。我国杜鹃花属植物濒危种类近20%,数据缺乏的种类近1/3,资源本底不清,严重威胁我国杜鹃花的生物多样性保护。未来应加强对杜鹃花本底资源的普查,开展极度濒危物种和极小种群物种的“抢救性保护”、加强园林应用与基础研究。     

青海省2006年14岁以下儿童百日咳白喉破伤风抗体水平监测

调查青海省0~14岁健康儿童百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体水平,抽样评价预防接种质量。在全省六州一地一市各选择1个县,对0~14岁健康儿童进行抗体检测。结果显示,百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体阳性率分别为93.42%、94.96%和92.93%。不同地区0~14岁健康儿童百日咳、白喉和破伤风抗体阳性率虽有差别,但都达到较高的抗体水平;个别地区抗体水平低,说明青海省儿童计划免疫工作存在薄弱环节。     

Investigation on Wild Resource of Valuable Timber Tree Phoebe zhennan (Lauraceae)

Phoebe zhennan is an endemic valuable timber tree to China and was listed as one of the national second class important protected plants. In the study, we investigated the wild resource of Pzhennan, distinguished its confused species and estimated its potential distribution. The results showed that Pzhennan had a sporadic distribution in the areas of Sichuan Basin and Northern Guizhou. Due to deforestation and habitat destruction, Pzhenann mostly shrinked back to fengshui forests with low regeneration, rarely remained in natural forests and some scattered in bamboo forests, few natural regenerating populations were found during our investigation. Two confused species, Lindera megaphylla and Phoebe hui, were distinguished from Pzhennan with the evidence from morphology and DNA barcoding. The results of potential distribution estimation showed that Pzhennan might distribute in Sichuan Basin and Northern Guizhou, but the distribution in Northern Guizhou was fragmentizing. In the future, with global warming, habitat fragmentation of Pzhennan will be intensified and the distribution would tend to move northward with shrinking. Protection countermeasures and suggestions of Pzhennan are discussed.     

海南省三级甲等医院医疗器械压力性损伤现状及干预对策

目的:分析海南省7家三级甲等医院医疗器械压力损伤现况及原因并提出相应的干预对策。方法:采用欧洲和美国的调研工具,由培训合格的调查员对7家三级甲等医院的住院患者实施横断面调查,用SPSS17.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果:7248例住院患者中,医疗器械所致的压力性损伤30例,患病率为0.41%。其中,医疗器械相关性压力性损伤18例,患病率为0.25%;黏膜压力性损伤12例,患病率为0.17%。83.33%的医疗器械压力性损伤是医院获得,而82.22%的骨隆突处压力性损伤由入院时带入。重症医学科、肠内营养的患者更容易获得医疗器械压力性损伤(P0.05)。对于骨隆突处的压力性损伤的患者,护士会更有意识地去使用减压敷料(P0.05)。医疗器械压力性损伤最常所致的医疗设备是鼻胃管(51.60%),其次是双鼻导管吸氧管(19.35%),黏膜压力性损伤无法按照系统分期,占比38.71%,医疗器械相关性压力性损伤主要集中在1期和2期,占比51.61%。医疗器械相关性压力性损伤常见部位是耳(22.58%),黏膜压力性损伤最常见的部位是鼻黏膜(35.47%)。结论:海南省三级甲等综合医院管理者及临床工作者开始对此类压力性损伤的认知及积极预防,但仍需要进一步加强培训与控制,并定期调研、连续监控,构建延续化护理模式;针对医疗器械压力性损伤的高风险的科室、人群及特定部位予以早期预防、鉴别及保护,正确使用医疗器械,预防性减少医疗器械压力性损伤;同时关注医疗器械压力损伤产生主要原因、部位、分期及进展情况,综合干预措施,建立压力性损伤预警管理组织架构,形成集束化管理。     

Reliability of biomarkers of iron status, blood lipids, oxidative stress, vitamin D, C-reactive protein and fructosamine in two Dutch cohorts

Biomarkers are widely used in epidemiology, yet there are few reliability studies to assess the appropriateness of using these biomarkers for the assessment of exposure-disease relationships. The aim of the study was to assess the reliability of 20 biomarkers in serum collected from two Dutch centres (Utrecht and Bilthoven) participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) at two points several years apart. Blood samples were collected from 30 men from Bilthoven and 35 women from Utrecht. Ferritin, total iron, total iron-binding capacity, transferrin saturation, transferrin, C-reactive protein, bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides, apo lipoprotein-A, apo lipoprotein-B, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, uric acid, creatinine, reactive oxygen metabolites, the ferric-reducing ability of plasma, protein thiol oxidation, fructosamine, and vitamin D biomarkers in serum were analysed from the blood samples at the two points of time. For all biomarkers, except C-reactive protein, there were no substantial changes in the mean levels over time. Uric acid, ferritin, creatinine, HDL, and apo lipoprotein-B levels consistently showed the highest reliability for men and women (intra-class correlation = 0.69-0.86). Among women, the ferric-reducing ability of plasma, and protein thiol oxidation had poor reliability; and among men iron-related biomarkers (except serum ferritin) had poor reliability. With the exception of a few gender-specific differences, most of the 20 biomarkers performed well and can be considered to have sufficient reliability to be used in future cohort studies.     

油田作业人员职业紧张状况调查及心理障碍的影响因素分析

目的:调查油田作业人员职业紧张状况,并分析心理障碍的影响因素。方法:通过分层整群抽样法纳入600例油田作业人员作为研究对象,采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R)以及症状自评量表(SCL-90)对油田作业人员的职业紧张程度以及心理障碍状况进行评估,并按照SCL-90评分将其分为研究组(SCL-90评分160分)214例与对照组(SCL-90评分≤160分)386例,采用多因素Logistic回归分析油田作业人员心理障碍的影响因素。结果:研究组年龄45岁、受教育程度为本科及以上、工龄20年人数占比均高于对照组(均P0.05)。研究组职业任务问卷(ORQ)、个体紧张反应(PSQ)评分均高于对照组(均P0.05)。研究组重度职业紧张程度人数占比高于对照组(P0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析发现:年龄45岁、受教育程度本科及以上、工龄20年、重度职业紧张均是油田作业人员心理障碍的独立危险因素(均P0.05)。结论:油田作业人员职业紧张状况不容乐观,重度职业紧张、年龄较小、工龄较短及受教育程度较高的油田工作人员发生心理障碍的风险往往较大。临床工作中可通过降低油田作业人员的职业紧张程度,继而达到降低心理障碍发生几率的目的。     

社区居民乙肝防控知识知晓情况调查及乙肝歧视的影响因素分析

目的:了解社区居民乙肝防控知识知晓情况并分析乙肝歧视的影响因素。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样方法选取天津市鸿顺里社区1276名居民进行问卷调查,每人发放一份问卷,回收后统计居民乙肝防控知识的知晓情况及乙肝歧视现状,并通过多因素Logistic回归分析乙肝歧视的影响因素。结果:共回收1214份有效问卷,回收率为95.14%(1214/1276),乙肝5条主要传播途径中知晓经血液传播最高为70.18%(852/1214),知晓经共用牙刷及剃须刀传播为48.76%(592/1214),知晓经母婴传播为37.73%(458/1214),知晓经性生活传播为34.68%(421/1214),知晓经污染的医疗器械传播为34.18%(415/1214),5条传播途径均知晓为27.92%(339/1214);90.77%(1102/1214)的调查者知晓"乙肝是否具有传染性",乙肝知识的总体知晓率为21.91%(266/1 214)。79.90%(970/1214)的调查对象不愿意和乙肝患者恋爱/结婚,60.96%(740/1214)的调查对象不愿意和乙肝患者共同进餐;无歧视、中轻度歧视及重度歧视的比例分别为24.87%(302/1214)、50.91%(618/1214)及24.22%(294/1214);不同年龄、职业、文化程度、月收入人群之间乙肝歧视程度的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示年龄、职业、文化程度、月收入均是造成乙肝歧视的影响因素。结论:天津市鸿顺里社区居民的乙肝防控知识知晓率较低且歧视现象严重,应加强对乙肝知识的宣传教育,纠正对乙肝的歧视心态。