Distribution of ground-dwelling beetles （Coleoptera） across a forest-clearcut ecotone in Wolong Natural Reserve, southwestern China

Abstract The influence of edge effect on ground-dwelling beetles (Coleoptera) across a forest-clearcut ecotone was studied in Wolong Natural Reserve, southwestern China. During the field research, a total of 30 739 beetles were collected with pitfall traps along transects, which extending 100 m from the edge into the forest interior and 100 m into the clearcut. Of the collection, Carabidae comprised 92%, Staphylinidae 3%, Curculionidae 2%, and Tenebrionidae 2%, and these four families can be considered as abundant groups. Family richness, Shannon diversity and equitability display a significant decrease from forest interior, edge to clearcut. Based on the family composition and abundance, ground-dwelling beetles of the forest interior can be separated from those in the clearcut by Principal coordinate analysis ordination, and beetle assemblages in the forest edge were more similar to forest assemblages than to those found in the clearcut by cluster analysis. Seasonal dynamics of family richness showed a monotone peak in the middle season, with a highest value in the forest interior and a lowest value in the clearcut. Family abundance showed two peaks in the middle season, always with more individuals in the clearcut than in the forest interior or in the edge. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the cover of shrub and litter were the two most important factors in determining family richness, Shannon diversity, equitability and abundance. Our results show that the forest edge and clearcut have obviously different composition and diversity of ground-dwelling beetles from forest interior at the family level. However, more edges have been formed due to increasing forest fragmentation (clearcutting or logging), so it is necessary to preserve large and intact forest to protect the diversity of ground-dwelling beetles in Wolong Natural Reserve.     

Host plant mediation of diapause induction in the cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi Baly （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae）

The cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringiBaly （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae）, is a serious pest of crucifers in China, undergoing an imaginal summer and winter diapause in the soil. The effects of host plants on diapause incidence were tested in the beetle. The ratio of adults entering diapause was significantly low when they fed on the mature leaves of Chinese cabbage Shanghaiqin （Brassica chinesis var communis） than those feeding on Chinese cabbage Suzhouqin （Brassica chinesis var communis）, radish （Raphanus sativus var longipinnatus） and stem mustard （Brassicajuncea vat tumida） at 25℃ combined with 13：11 （L： D） h. Fewer adults entered diapause on young leaves compared to physiologically aged and mature radish leaves at 25℃ combined with 13：11 （L： D） h. The effect of host plant species on diapause induction was also evident under continuously dark rearing conditions or at different photoperiods. These experimental results demonstrate that host plant mediation of diapause induction exists in the cabbage beetle. However, at temperatures ≤20℃ or photoperiods of 16：8 （L： D） h combined with 25℃, all individuals entered diapause regardless of the host plants, indicating that the effects of host plants on diapause induction could be expressed only within a limited range of temperatures and photoperiods.     

Evaluation of different models to describe egg and pupal development of Xyleborus fornicatus Eichh, （Coleoptera： Scolytidae）, the shot-hole borer of tea in Sri Lanka

Development data of eggs and pupae ofXyleborusfornicatus Eichh. （Coleoptera： Scolytidae）, the shot-hole borer of tea in Sri Lanka, at constant temperatures were used to evaluate a linear and seven nonlinear models for insect development. Model evaluation was based on fit to data （residual sum of squares and coefficient of determination or coefficient of nonlinear regression）, number of measurable parameters, the biological value of the fitted coefficients and accuracy in the estimation of thresholds. Of the nonlinear models, the Lactin model fitted experimental data well and along with the linear model, can be used to describe the temperature-dependent development of this species.     

既当爹又当妈的海马爸爸

在动物界里长毛的一般都是哺乳动物,两栖纲中的蛙类更是极少长毛,但生活在非洲国家加蓬的毛蛙不但有毛,还长满了它的四肢和胸部,就像是穿了件皮袄一样。那么毛蛙为什么要穿这么件“皮袄”呢,是为了御寒吗?加蓬地处热带,一年四季气候温暖,当然用不着防寒防冻了。事实上毛蛙的毛皮并不是一般的“装备”,和我们常见的哺乳动物毛皮存在着很大的不同。那些毛都是皮肤的补充增生物,它们会制造皮肤黏液,起着鳃的     

大豆类受体蛋白激酶基因GmRLCK的克隆及初步分析

植物类受体蛋白激酶(receptor-likeproteinkinase,RLK)在高等植物生长发育和环境刺激的信号传导中起着重要的作用。本文报告了一个新的大豆类受体蛋白激酶基因的全长cDNA克隆及对其基因结构和功能的初步分析。研究表明该基因序列编码的蛋白包含一个跨膜域、一个具有丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶活性的胞内域和一个缺少N-末端信号肽的胞外域。采用生物信息学方法分析表明,该基因与一些拟南芥菜类受体蛋白激酶基因具有很高的相似性,这些激酶N-末端都缺少信号序列,属于植物胞质类受体激酶(receptor-likecytoplasmickinase,RLCK)亚家族。因此命名该大豆基因为GmRLCK(GenBankAccessionNo.AY687390)。对GmRLCK激酶域中磷酸化可能性较高的位点进行了预测。RT-PCR的结果表明,GmRLCK在大豆子叶、根、花以及豆荚中都有较高的表达,而在胚根、茎和成熟叶片中的表达相对较弱。进化分析表明GmRLCK与一些衰老相关的植物类受体蛋白激酶具有较近的亲缘关系。     

PRAX-1蛋白主要结构和功能的研究进展

本文就外周型苯二氮卓类受体（Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor,PBR）的相关蛋白PRAX-1的主要结构和功能进行论述,为细胞凋亡研究和抗抑郁治疗提供一个新的思路。     

中国神农架民间草药的特点与代表种类

简要介绍了神农架民间草药的特点及其代表种类,并对其中四种名称均带有"一"字、三十六种冠以"还阳"二字以及七十二种名称中以"七"字结尾组成的几类最具特色的中草药的来源和疗效进行了阐述。     

中国苔类新记录种——疣茎类钱袋苔

报道产于西藏和云南的中国苔类植物缺萼苔科类钱袋苔属1 个新记录种: 疣茎类钱袋苔Ap omarsup ella
crystallocaulon ( Grolle) Vana。该种主要特征为茎皮部细胞角质层具透明疣, 有别于本科其他种类。     

浙江镜湖湿地3种菌根植物根部真菌群落多样性及对金属元素富集能力的研究

城市湿地（urban wetland）植物多样性水平高,并具有积极的净化和美化环境的作用。本研究以浙江绍兴镜湖城市湿地公园为研究样地,通过ICP-AES检测了人工园区和次生林土壤中几种金属元素（Al、Cr、Cu、K和Zn）的含量,比较不同类型的菌根植物——黑麦草（Lolium perenne L.）（AM）、六月霜（Monochasma sauatieri Franch）（AM）和乌饭树（Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb）（ERM）对金属元素的富集作用。通过高通量测序分析各宿主植物根部真菌群落的组成和结构,比较其对宿主植物金属富集能力的影响。结果表明：（1）人工园区土壤中5种金属元素的含量均显著高于次生林下的土壤;（2）乌饭树对Al的富集能力较强,黑麦草和六月霜富集Cr能力都较强;（3）3种植物根部真菌主要来自Ascomycota,而乌饭树根部Basidiomycota也是优势真菌,AM真菌在黑麦草和六月霜根部真菌群落结构中较少,而公认的ERM真菌Helotiales和Sebacinales在乌饭树根部真菌群落中的比例较高,且与所测金属元素无显著相关性。绍兴镜湖城市湿地公园次生林土壤环境保持良好。     

类器官的应用研究进展

类器官是利用干细胞的自我更新和分化能力,在体外培养形成的一种微小组织器官类似物,在很大程度上具有体内相应器官的功能。迄今为止,在3D培养条件下,已经成功培养出多种类器官如肺、胃、肠、肝和肾等类器官。它们不仅可作为组织器官的替代品用于药物和临床研究,还可用于体内器官移植。本文综述了类器官在药物毒性检测、药效评价和新药筛选中的作用以及利用类器官建立疾病模型、研究组织器官发育和类器官在精准医疗、再生医学中的价值。