马山前胡的香豆素

从马山前胡(Peucedanum mashanense Shan et Sheh)中分离得到4个化合物,鉴定为香豆素化合物白花前胡丙素[( )pareruptorin A],白花前胡丁素[( )anomalin],虎耳草素(pimpinellin)和β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)。     

论紫堇属的系统演化与区系发生和区系分区的关系

紫堇属 Corydalis DC.是紫堇科 Fumariaceae 的最大属,也是北温带分布类型的大属之一。本属自建立以来,迄今尚无完整的分类系统,甚至连属的命名人、后选属模式以及属下分类单位的划分均存在许多争议,本文根据作者们二十多年来在国内外有关标本室收集的模式标本和有关东亚、南亚标本,经过鉴定整理,首次将本属划分为两大类群,即Corydalis群和Pistolochia群和40个组,并初步建立了一个较全而新的进化系统。     

川明参的化学成分

川明参的化学成分饶高雄,王兴文,刘启新,孙汉董（云南省中医学院中药系,昆明６５００１１）（江苏植物研究所,南京２１００１４）（中国科学院昆明植物研究所,昆明６５０２０４）关键词川明参,化学成分ＴＨＥＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＣＯＮＳＴＩＴＵＥＮＴＳＯＦＣＨＵＡ...     

弓翅芹的化学成分

弓翅芹的化学成分饶高雄,刘启新,孙汉董（云南中医学院中药系,昆明６５００１１）（江苏植物研究所,南京２１００１４）（中国科学院昆明植物研究所,昆明６５０２０４）ＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＣＯＮＳＴＩＴＵＥＮＴＯＦＡＲＣＵＡＴＯＰＴＥＲＵＳＦＩＬＩＰＥＤＩＣＨＬ...     

玉米核雄性不育的分子机制研究与应用分析

玉米细胞核雄性不育突变体是研究花粉发育和减数分裂的理想材料,也是杂种优势利用的重要种质资源。随着分子生物技术的快速发展,部分玉米细胞核雄性不育基因陆续被成功克隆,为其在工程不育化杂交种生产中的应用奠定了基础。综述了近年来对玉米细胞核雄性不育的细胞学鉴定、基因克隆和分子机制的研究进展,并对其应用途径和前景进行了分析。     

重金属对芝麻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

采用培养皿滤纸发芽法研究镉(Cd2+)、镍(Ni2+)、铬(Cr6+)、汞(Hg2+)、铅(Pb2+)等5种重金属离子对芝麻Sesamum indicum种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,重金属离子胁迫对芝麻种子露白萌发影响较小,对胚根生长影响最大;随着重金属离子浓度增加,芝麻幼苗芽长、根长和鲜重减小;在Cd2+、Ni2+和Cr6+浓度20 mg·L-1,Hg2+浓度50 mg·L-1,Pb2+浓度100 mg·L-1时,芝麻种子萌发后胚根基本不生长,难以成苗,这些浓度可视为对应重金属离子对芝麻种子萌发毒害的致死浓度。综合比较,5种重金属离子对芝麻种子萌发及芽期幼苗生长的毒害程度依次为Ni2+ > Cr6+ > Cd2+ > Hg2+ > Pb2+。     

SCCmec遗传元件及其在耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌分子分型中的应用

携带mec基因簇的葡萄球菌盒式染色体(Staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec, SCCmec)遗传元件的获得是耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA)耐药的主要原因。SCCmec由一个mec基因簇、一个染色体重组酶(ccr)基因簇及3个J区组成。mec基因簇含有mecA及其调控基因,mecA基因编码的耐药决定簇使MRSA对β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药;ccr基因簇编码的重组酶负责SCCmec元件的整合与切离;J区差异大,导致不同来源MRSA菌株携带SCCmec的大小不一,在组成上也具有多样性。这些特征为利用SCCmec元件进行MRSA分型创造了条件。文章介绍了SCCmec元件的结构和功能,综述了基于SCCmec的MRSA分型研究。     

饲养东北虎的微卫星变异研究

东北虎是世界上濒危动物之一,具有极其重要的研究价值和保护意义。该研究利用10个在东北虎基因组中表现多态性的微卫星基因座（Fca005, Fca075, Fca094, Fca152, Fca161, Fca294, Pti002, Pti003, Pti007和Pti010）对113只饲养东北虎进行了遗传多样性检测。用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测微卫星的PCR扩增产物,计算了10个微卫星基因座的等位基因频率、基因杂合度、多态信息含量和有效等位基因数。在113只东北虎样品中,10个基因座的等位基因数为3～6个,其中Fca152最多;等位基因频率处于0.009～0.767之间。基因杂合度值在0.385～0.707间,平均为0.616,多态信息含量值在0.353～0.658间,平均为0.558,有效等位基因数处于1.629～3.409之间,平均为2.784,表明所选用的10个微卫星基因座在研究样品中均为中高度多态性基因座,具有比较明显的遗传变异。113只样品中包括75只毛发样品,23只血液样品和15只组织样品,不同样品的结果比较表明,毛发、血液和组织样品均可以得到清晰的扩增结果。所以,微卫星基因座与非损伤性DNA分析方法可以成功地应用于濒危珍稀动物的遗传多样性研究。 Abstract:. The tiger is one of the most threatened wildlife species since the abundance and distribution of tiger have decreased dramatically in the last century. The wild Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) only distributed in northeast China, the far east area of Russia and the north Korea and its size of wild population is about 450 in the world and 20 in China. Several hundred captive populations of Amur tigers are the main source to protect gene library of tiger and the source of recovering the wild populations. The Breeding Center for Felidae at Hengdaohezi and Ha’erbin Tiger Park in Heilongjiang Province is the biggest captive breeding base in China. How to make clear the genetic pedigree and establish reasonable breeding system is the urgent issues. So we use the microsatellite DNA markers and non-invasive technology to research on the genetic diversity of captive Amur tiger in this study. Ten microsatellite loci (Fca005, Fca075, Fca094, Fca152, Fca161, Fca294, Pti002, Pti003, Pti007 and Pti010), highly variable nuclear markers, were studied their genetic diversity in 113 captive Amur tigers. The PCR amplified products of microsatellite loci were detected by non-denatured polyacry lamide gel electrophoresis. Allele numbers, allelic frequency, gene heterozygosity(He), polymorphism information content(PIC) and effective number of allele(Ne) were calculated. 41 alleles were found and their size were ranged from 110bp to 250bp in ten microsatellite loci, Fca152 had 6 alleles, Fca075, Fca094 and Fca294 had 5 alleles, Fca005 and Pti002 had 4 alleles and the others had 3 alleles in all tiger samples, respectively. The allelic frequencies were from 0.009 to 0.767; The He ranged from 0.385 to 0.707, and Fca294 and Pti010 locus had the highest and lowest value; the PIC were from 0.353 to 0.658, Fca294 and Pti010 locus had the highest and lowest value; and Ne were from 1.626 to 3.409, Fca294 and Pti010 locus had the highest and lowest value, which showed the ten microsatellie loci had high or medium polymorphism in these Amur tigers and had high genetic diversity. At the same time, we only found even bases variability which showed the even bases repeat sequence (CA/GT) maybe the basic unit for length variability of microsatellite in all loci. In this study, the samples were made up of 75 hair specimens, 23 blood specimens and 15 tissue specimens, we obtained the genome DNA from hairs using the non-invasive DNA technology and demonstrated that DNA derived from hair samples is as good as that obtained from blood samples for the analaysis of microsatellite polymorphism. These results imply that microsatellite DNA markers and non-invasive DNA technology can help study the genetic diversity of Amur tiger. This method could be used in the captive management of other endangered species.     

生境因子对海南五指山白鹇和红原鸡分布的影响

为了解白鹇（Lophura nycthemera）whiteheadi亚种与红原鸡（Gallus gallus）jabouillei亚种的生境选择。利用2018年9月至2020年9月在海南热带雨林国家公园五指山片区东北部获得的红外相机数据,分析生境因子对同域分布的白鹇和红原鸡分布的影响。结果显示,白鹇偏好低地雨林和山地雨林,红原鸡偏好次生林和低地雨林;白鹇分布的海拔、坡向较均匀;红原鸡分布海拔呈单峰,旱季分布海拔峰值575.8 m,雨季分布海拔峰值497.7 m,偏好阳坡;白鹇坡度选择呈双峰型,旱季其选择坡度峰值为19.7°和34.5°,雨季峰值为20.1°和34.3°;红原鸡旱季选择坡度呈单峰,峰值35.7°,雨季呈双峰,峰值12.5°和35.1°;白鹇和红原鸡二者温度选择均呈单峰型,旱季二者峰值均为20.3 ℃,雨季白鹇峰值为22.2 ℃,红原鸡峰值为26.1 ℃。两物种海拔的生态位重叠度最低,旱季和雨季,二者海拔因子上的生态位重叠度分别为0.375 1和0.353 2,温度和坡向的生态位重叠度较高。本研究结果表明,白鹇的环境适应性优于红原鸡,二者主要通过对海拔的选择来实现生态位分化,其他环境因子中也存在不同程度的分化特征。