罗布泊地区第四纪环境演化

新疆罗后干涸湖盆中的Ｋ１钻孔揭示,１００、２ｍ的沉积剖面共有９２个宙积层,划归１６同积旋回,包括了早更新世以来的各时期沉积。据划分的１５个孢粉组这及古地磁、１４＾Ｃ、岩石地层资料综合分析,早更新世该区曾发育森林－草原植被,早更民末,强烈的构造运动保留我下更充变形,上覆的中更统与下更新统间呈不整合接触。中更新世,荒漠和荒漠草原交替出现,地层中有大量膏质泥岩和石膏。晚更新世以来,在干旱气候的控制之下,     

新疆下寒武统玉尔吐斯组软舌螺口盖和口盖状化石

文中系统描述了新疆乌什－阿克苏地区下寒武统玉尔吐斯组软舌螺口盖和口盖状化石５属７种,其中包括２新属３新种。Ｘｙｓｔｒｉｔｈｅｃａ的口盖具有复杂的锁骨构造,Ｐａｃｈｙｔｈｅｃａ的口盖有明显的背腹扇面之分,它们与具口唇的软舌螺Ｍｉｃｒｏｃｏｒｎｕｓ共生。这些演化上较高级的软舌螺与原牙形类Ｊｉａｎｇｓｈａｎｏｄｕｓ,Ｇａｐｐａｒｏｄｕｓ,Ａｍｐｈｉｇｅｉｓｉｎａ;假牙形类Ｒｈｏｍｂｏｃｏｒｎｉｃｕｌｕｍ     

新疆克拉玛依吐孜阿克内沟三工河组孢粉组合

通过对新疆克拉玛依地区吐孜阿克内沟剖面三工河组孢粉组合的研究,共鉴定孢粉２３属３２种,藻类化石２属４种,命名为Ｄｉｓａｃｃｉａｔｒｉｌｅｔｉ－Ｍｏｎｏｃｏｌｐａｔｅｓ－Ｃｙａｔｈｉｄｉｔｅｓ组合（简称ＤＭＣ组合）。描述了５种花粉Ａｂｉｅｔｉｎｅａｅｐｏｌｌｅｎｉｔｅｓ ｄｕｎｒｏｂｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｃｏｕｐｅｒ,Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｐｉｃｅａ ｍｏｎｓｔｒｕｏｓａ Ｂｏｌｃｈ．,Ｐｏｄｏｃａｒｐｉｄｉｔｅｓ     

1981—2018年新疆草地归一化植被指数时空特征及其对气候变化的响应

在新疆开展长时间序列的草地监测,分析草地生长的时空变化特征,有利于草地环境压力分析和草地生态健康预测。以NOAA-AVHRR NDVI为数据源,采用最大值合成、一元回归分析与相关性分析,分别在年际尺度和多个空间尺度(全疆、南北疆与各地区及其11种草地类型)上探讨了1981—2018年新疆草地归一化植被指数(NDVI)时空特征及其对气温、降水的响应。结果表明：(1)1981—2018年,新疆草地NDVI多年均值0.326,变化范围0.259—0.386,具有轻微年际波动特征;(2)北疆、南疆草地NDVI均表现为轻微增加趋势;全疆占草地总面积41%的区域NDVI呈显著增加趋势,9%为显著减少区域,北疆草地NDVI显著增加的面积是南疆的1.7倍;(3)由于垂直地带性及区域差异,新疆草地NDVI由山区向盆地的荒漠降低;北疆草地NDVI是南疆1.4倍,总体上北疆各地区草地NDVI高于南疆各地区;(4)草地类型植被NDVI对降水的显著响应高于气温,其中温性荒漠类、温性荒漠草原类与温性草原类草地NDVI对降水变化的响应明显高于其余草地类型,降水对草地NDVI的影响更为显著,表明降水引起的地表水分变化...     

准噶尔柄锈菌:新疆荒漠的雀麦锈菌——新种

本文描述了南疆雀麦Bromus gedrosianus Penz.上的锈菌一新种:准噶尔柄锈菌Puccinia junggarensis S.-X. Wei & J.-Y. Zhuang sp. nov.。模式标本采自新疆古尔班通古特沙漠克拉玛依附近,保藏在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室。此菌曾被本文第二作者暂定为Puccinia burnettii Griff.。原标本经第一作者复查发现夏孢子表面纹饰为细庆而非细刺,夏孢子和冬孢子的综合特征不同于禾本科植物上迄今已知的所有柄锈菌属的种,故鉴定为新种。     

Stoichiometry and large-scale patterns of leaf carbon and nitrogen in the grassland biomes of China

Nitrogen (N) and carbon–nitrogen (C:N) ratio are key foliar traits with great ecological importance, but their patterns across biomes have only recently been explored. We conducted a systematic census of foliar C, N and C:N ratio for 213 species, from 41 families over 199 research sites across the grassland biomes of China following the same protocol, to explore how different environmental conditions and species composition affect leaf N and C:N stoichiometry. Leaf C:N stoichiometry is stable in three distinct climatic regions in Inner Mongolia, the Tibetan Plateau, and Xinjiang Autonomous Region, despite considerable variations among co-existing species and among different vegetation types. Our results also show that life form and genus identity explain more than 70% of total variations of foliar N and C:N ratio, while mean growing season temperature and growing season precipitation explained only less than 3%. This suggests that, at the biome scale, temperature affects leaf N mainly through a change in plant species composition rather than via temperature itself. When our data were pooled with a global dataset, the previously observed positive correlation between leaf N and mean annual temperature (MAT) at very low MATs, disappeared. Thus, our data do not support the previously proposed biogeochemical hypothesis that low temperature limitations on mineralization of organic matter and N availability in soils lead to low leaf N in cold environments.     

Outbreak of Trichophyton verrucosum in China Transmitted from Cows to Humans

Twenty percent of 1000 dairy cows were infected with Trichophyton verrucosum in a newly established dairy farm in western China. The disease was transmitted to 30 of 100 animal workers. The source of the outbreak is unknown but it is suspected that naïve cattle which were transported from Holland to China became infected after they arrived in Xinjiang province (West China) where the fungus is endemic in nature, prepuberty school children and various livestock.     

新疆10种沙生植物旱生结构的解剖学研究

新疆１０种沙生植物的形态解剖研究表明,它们为适应沙生环境形态结构发生变化。叶器官的形态呈三种类型：叶片退化成膜质或鳞片状,而由同化枝执行光合功能;叶片上下都具栅栏组织,表皮角质膜厚,表皮毛发达,气孔下陷,输导组织和机械组织都发达;叶片肉质化,叶肉组织不分化,贮水组织发达而输导组织不发达。轴器官中厚壁组织发达,围绕维管组织,维管组织内部也有发达的厚壁组织。根中普遍具有周皮,一些植物存在异常的维管组织,部分植物还具有粘液细胞或结晶。沙生植物形成各种旱生结构,以不同的方式适应沙生环境。     

新疆呼图壁盐化草甸群落的DCA, CCA及DCCA分析

 本文应用DCA、CCA及DCCA排序技术对新疆呼图壁盐化草甸群落进行了分析。分析中选取了地下水位、粘土层出现深度、粘土层厚度、地下水pH值及地下水矿化度5个环境因子;同时为了分析空间格局对植被分异影响的大小,建立了样地空间坐标矩阵。结果表明：地下水位和地下水的pH值是引起植被分异的两个主要因素,空间格局对植被分异的影响大于环境因子对植被分异的影响。     

新疆裸蝗属二新种(直翅目:斑腿蝗科)(英语)

本文记述采自新疆南部的裸蝗属Conophyma Zub.二新种.新种“友谊裸蝗”Conophyma amica近似于昭苏裸蝗C.zhaosuensis Huang,以下列特征区别于后者:1)雄性肛上板两后角明显突出,后缘中央锐角形突出;2)后足胫节红褐色.新种“红胫裸蝗”C.rufitibia与C.alajense Misth.相似,其区别为:1)新种雄性尾片显著较大;2)雄性尾须较长,明显长过肛上板后缘中央的突起,3)雌性下产卵瓣下外缘缺一明显的大齿.红胫裸蝗亦近似于C.alamasyi(Kuthy),但可以下述特征区别之:1)雄性肛上板近方形,侧缘中部具一钝瘤状突起;2)雄性腹部背面具二条淡色纵带.模式标本均保存在新疆八一农学院植保系.