辣椒OSCA基因家族的全基因组鉴定及不同胁迫条件下表达分析

钙通透性阳离子通道蛋白(OSCA)在渗透胁迫感应中发挥重要的作用.本研究利用辣椒(Capsicum an-nuum L.)全基因组信息,鉴定出14个OSCA基因(CaOSCA),染色体定位及同源性分析表明,它们分别位于1、2、4、6、7、8、9、12号染色体上,亚细胞定位预测表明其编码产物均位于质膜上.系统进化树分析这...     

基于源-库互反馈的温室青椒坐果时空动态模拟

基于源-库互反馈的温室青椒坐果时空动态模拟     

家用调料植物粗提物防治小菜蛾的研究

以安全性和简易性为前提的庭园害虫防治成为休闲生活不可或缺的技术。本文以花椒Zanthoxylum bungeamtm、八角茴香lUicium veturn、辣椒Capsicum frutescens等日用品为材料,研究了不同种类、浓度和作用时间对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella这一重要庭园害虫的拒食、触杀及产卵忌避效果。拒食试验表明,供试3种植物对小菜蛾有显著拒食作用,拒食率从大到小依次为八角茴香（0．94）、花椒（0．86）、辣椒（0．76）;拒食率随处理时问长短变化的差异不显著,但随提取液浓度的升高而升高。触杀试验表明,供试3种植物对小菜蛾有显著触杀作用,24h内死亡率从大到小依次为花椒（45．6％）、八角茴香（35．6％）、辣椒（23．3％）,均显著高于对照处理的1．1％;触杀死亡率随虫龄的增加而降低。产卵忌避试验表明,3种植物对小菜蛾成虫产卵忌避作用由大到小依次为辣椒、八角茴香、花椒。综合本研究所得结果来看,八角茴香对小菜蛾的控制效果最好。所选材料容易获得,对小菜蛾忌避作用明显,在庭园小菜蛾防治中具有潜在的应用价值。     

辣椒拟种群对模拟昆虫捕食行为的反应

基于拟种群理论,运用方差分析法、主分量分析法及植物生长分析法,研究7月高温期辣椒拟种群不同程度的剪叶对模拟短期虫害的反应.结果表明,辣椒具有较强的补偿能力;老叶的数量、干重和叶面积随剪叶程度的增加而下降,新叶则相反,但总叶数量相近;总叶面积和干重受老叶影响大,差异显著;枝的数量、干重、长度差异不显著;果、花、花蕾的数量差异也不显著,但干重差异显著;用数量指标代替干重、叶面积和长度等指标来进行植物的生长分析,仅对组元个体间干重极差小的拟种群适用;高温期一定程度的虫害对辣椒生长和果实产量的提高有益.     

The Association of Clover Proliferation Phytoplasma with Stolbur Disease of Pepper in Spain

A phytoplasma disease, `stolbur', affects pepper ( Capsicum annuum ) in Spain. Affected plants have short internodes, green flowers buds and other symptoms that are characteristic of phytoplasma-induced diseases. Herein the detection and classification of the phytoplasma that may cause the disease is reported. DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis indicate that this phytoplasma should be classified in the clover proliferation group 16SrVI, a group that is clearly distinct from the stolbur group 16SrXII.     

Variation in the growth and biosynthetic activity of cloned cell cultures of Capsicum frutescens and their response to an exogenously supplied elicitor

Twenty clones established from single cells of a suspension culture of Capsicum frutescens were maintained as callus and in suspension over a sixteen week culture period. These clones exhibited marked differences in growth, chlorophyll and chloroform-soluble phenolic content which became more apparent with increasing time in culture. Clones in suspension exhibited a more rapid change in morphology and biosynthetic activity than those cultured as callus. Elicitation increased PAL activity, reduced the incorporation of L-[U-¹⁴C] phenylalanine into the chloroform-soluble fraction of the culture medium and increased incorporation into the methanol-soluble fraction of the cells in ten suspension clones. Differences to elicitation were observed among clones; in particular the faster growing isolates incorporated more radioactive label into soluble phenolics that remain in the cells than those that are released into the medium. The implications of these results are discussed.Abbreviations SH Schenk & Hildebrandt - PAL phenylalanine ammonia-lyase - RGR relative growth rate - TCC total chlorophyll content - HPLC high performance liquid chromatography     

Homologs of the Genes for Receptor-Like Kinase Proteins Conferring Plant Resistance to Pathogens: Resistance Gene Homologs in Solanum Species

Direct amplification of the genomic DNA from cultivated and wild Solanum species was used to synthesize three groups of NBS-LRR homologs of the genes which encode the pathogen-recognizing receptor-like serine/threonine kinases (RLK): (1) the NBS-kinase regions homologous to the arabidopsis RPS2 gene, the tobacco N gene, and the flax L6 gene (the corresponding GenBank accession nos. U14158, U15605, and U27081); (2) full-size sequences homologous to the Pto gene of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (AF220602); and (3) LRR regions homologous to potato genesGpa2/Rx1 (AJ249449 and AJ011801) and the tomato gene Mi1 (AF091048). The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the cloned fragments of the genes and pseudogenes were compared to the already known genes and their homologs within the family Solanaceae.     

Using the knowns to discover the unknowns: MS‐based dereplication uncovers structural diversity in 17‐hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycoside production in the Solanaceae

Exploring the diversity of plant secondary metabolism requires efficient methods to obtain sufficient structural insights to discriminate previously known from unknown metabolites. De novo structure elucidation and confirmation of known metabolites (dereplication) remain a major bottleneck for mass spectrometry‐based metabolomic workflows, and few systematic dereplication strategies have been developed for the analysis of entire compound classes across plant families, partly due to the complexity of plant metabolic profiles that complicates cross‐species comparisons. 17‐hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides (HGL‐DTGs) are abundant defensive secondary metabolites whose malonyl and glycosyl decorations are induced by jasmonate signaling in the ecological model plant Nicotiana attenuata. The multiple labile glycosidic bonds of HGL‐DTGs result in extensive in‐source fragmentation (IS‐CID) during ionization. To reconstruct these IS‐CID clusters from profiling data and identify precursor ions, we applied a deconvolution algorithm and created an MS/MS library from positive‐ion spectra of purified HGL‐DTGs. From this library, 251 non‐redundant fragments were annotated, and a workflow to characterize leaf, flower and fruit extracts of 35 solanaceous species was established. These analyses predicted 105 novel HGL‐DTGs that were restricted to Nicotiana, Capsicum and Lycium species. Interestingly, malonylation is a highly conserved step in HGL‐DTG metabolism, but is differentially affected by jasmonate signaling among Nicotiana species. This MS‐based workflow is readily applicable for cross‐species re‐identification/annotation of other compound classes with sufficient fragmentation knowledge, and therefore has the potential to support hypotheses regarding secondary metabolism diversification.     

An SSR-based linkage map of Capsicum annuum

There are five cultivated species of pepper, of which Capsicum annuum is the most widely cultivated as a vegetable or spice and the main experimental material of most pepper breeding programs. However, the number of simple sequence-repeat (SSR) markers known for C. annuum is limited. To develop SSR markers for Capsicum species, we constructed four SSR-enriched libraries from the genomic DNA of C.␣annuum, sequenced 1873 clones, and isolated 626 unique SSR clones. A higher percentage of these SSR markers were taken from dinucleotide motif libraries than from trinucleotide motif libraries. Primer pairs for the 626 SSR clones were synthesized and tested for polymorphisms; 594 amplified products were detected with the expected size. However, only 153 products were polymorphic between the parents of our mapping population. Using 106 highly reproducible pairs from the primer pairs, we constructed a linkage map of C. annuum in an intraspecific doubled haploid population (n=117) that contains nine previously reported SSRs as well as AFLP, CAPS, and RAPD markers and the trait of fruit pungency. The map contains 374 markers, including 106 new SSR markers distributed across all 13 linkage groups, and covers 1042 cM. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of these new SSR markers was calculated using 14 lines of Capsicum species. The average number of alleles per locus was 2.9 and the average PIC value was 0.46, even within C. annuum. The SSR markers developed in this study will be useful for mapping and marker-assisted selection in pepper breeding, and the linkage map provides a reference genetic map for Capsicum species.