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81.
82.
Özge Özden William M. Ciesla Wayne J. Fuller David J. Hodgson 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2008,17(12):2821-2832
We analysed the influence of contemporary geography on butterfly diversity for islands in the Mediterranean Basin. We found
that island size and distance from the mainland has a significant effect on the number of species. We also used butterflies
as an indicator group to identify the importance of forest habitats for biodiversity conservation in the island of Cyprus.
To understand the relative importance of local vegetation characteristics of butterflies in the Pentadaktylos mountains transect
counts were used to assess the abundance and butterfly diversity in two different forest types. A total of 1,602 butterflies
and 23 species were recorded during this research. We observed highly significant effects of forest type on abundance and
species richness of butterflies. For example, number of butterflies was significantly higher in old forest than young pine
forest. Also, the abundance of endemic butterflies was highest in old forest habitats. Therefore, the survival of the majority
of endemic butterflies in Cyprus may depend on conservation of old forests and their understorey plants. 相似文献
83.
Inge van Halder Luc Barbaro Emmanuel Corcket Hervé Jactel 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2008,17(5):1149-1169
While the area of plantation forests continues to increase worldwide, their contribution to the conservation of biodiversity
is still controversial. There is a particular concern on the central role played by natural habitat remnants embedded within
the plantation matrix in conserving species-rich insect communities. We surveyed butterflies in maritime pine plantation landscapes
in south-western France in 83 plots belonging to seven habitat types (five successional stages of pine stands, native deciduous
woodlands and herbaceous firebreaks). The effect of plot, habitat and landscape attributes on butterfly species richness,
community composition and individual species were analysed with a General Linear Model (GLM), partial Canonical Correspondence
Analysis (CCA) and the IndVal method. The most important factors determining butterfly diversity and community composition
were the presence of semi-natural habitats (deciduous woodlands and firebreaks) at the landscape scale and the composition
of understorey vegetation at the plot scale. Pure effects of plot variables explained the largest part of community variation
(12.8%), but landscape factors explained an additional, independent part (6.7%). Firebreaks were characterized by a higher
species richness and both firebreaks and deciduous woodlands harboured species not or rarely found in pine stands. Despite
the forest-dominated landscape, typical forest butterflies were rare and mainly found in the deciduous woodlands. Threatened
species, such as Coenonympha oedippus and Euphydryas aurinia, were found in pine stands and in firebreaks, but were more abundant in the latter. In the studied plantation forest, the
conservation of butterflies depends mainly on the preservation of semi-natural habitats, an adequate understorey management
and the maintenance of soil moisture levels. 相似文献
84.
Threat spots and environmental determinants of red-listed plant,butterfly and bird species in boreal agricultural environments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sonja Kivinen Miska Luoto Risto K. Heikkinen Kimmo Saarinen Terhi Ryttäri 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2008,17(13):3289-3305
The aims of this study were (1) to examine the geographic distribution of red-listed species of agricultural environments
and identify their national threat spots (areas with high diversity of threatened species) in Finland and (2) to determine
the main environmental variables related to the richness and occurrence patterns of red-listed species. Atlas data of 21 plant,
17 butterfly and 11 bird species recorded using 10 km grid squares were employed in the study. Generalized additive models
(GAMs) were constructed separately for species richness and occurrence of individual species of the three species groups using
climate and land cover predictor variables. The predictive accuracy of models, as measured using correlation between the observed
and predicted values and AUC statistics, was generally good. Temperature-related variables were the most important determinants
of species richness and occurrence of all three taxa. In addition, land cover variables had a strong effect on the distribution
of species. Plants and butterflies were positively related to the cover of grasslands and birds to small-scale agricultural
mosaic as well as to arable land. Spatial coincidence of threat spots of plants, butterflies and birds was limited, which
emphasizes the importance of considering the potentially contrasting environmental requirements of different taxa in conservation
planning. Further, it is obvious that the maintenance of various non-crop habitats and heterogeneous agricultural landscapes
has an essential role in the preservation of red-listed species of boreal rural environments. 相似文献
85.
Andrea?GrillEmail author Barbara?Knoflach Daniel?F.?R.?Cleary Vassiliki?Kati 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2005,14(5):1281-1300
Butterfly, spider, and plant species richness and diversity were investigated in five different land-use types in Sardinia. In 16 one-hectare plots we measured a set of 15 environmental variables to detect the most important factors determining patterns of variation in species richness, particularly endemicity. The studied land-use types encompassed homogeneous and heterogeneous shrublands, shrublands with tree-overstorey, Quercus forest and agricultural land. A total of 30 butterfly species, among which 10 endemics, and 50 spider (morpho)species, were recorded. Butterfly and spider community composition differed according to land-use type. The main environmental factors determining diversity patterns in butterflies were the presence of flowers and trees. Spiders reacted mainly to habitat heterogeneity and land-use type. Traditional land-use did not have adverse effects on the diversity of butterflies, spiders, or plants. The number of endemic butterfly species per treatment increased with total species richness and altitude. Butterfly and spider richness did not co-vary across the five land-use types. Butterflies were, however, positively associated with plant species richness and elevation, whereas spiders were not. Conclusively, butterflies did not appear to be good indicators for spider diversity and species richness at the studied sites. 相似文献
86.
Dirk?MaesEmail author Dirk?Bauwens Luc?De Bruyn Anny?Anselin Glenn?Vermeersch Wouter?Van Landuyt Geert?De Knijf Marius?Gilbert 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2005,14(6):1345-1364
The present-day geographic distribution of individual species of five taxonomic groups (plants, dragonflies, butterflies, herpetofauna and breeding birds) is relatively well-known on a small scale (5 × 5 km squares) in Flanders (north Belgium). These data allow identification of areas with a high diversity within each of the species groups. However, differences in mapping intensity and coverage hamper straightforward comparisons of species-rich areas among the taxonomic groups. To overcome this problem, we modelled the species richness of each taxonomic group separately using various environmental characteristics as predictor variables (area of different land use types, biotope diversity, topographic and climatic features). We applied forward stepwise multiple regression to build the models, using a subset of well-surveyed squares. A separate set of equally well-surveyed squares was used to test the predictions of the models. The coincidence of geographic areas with high predicted species richness was remarkably high among the four faunal groups, but much lower between plants and each of the four faunal groups. Thus, the four investigated faunal groups can be used as relatively good indicator taxa for one another in Flanders, at least for their within-group species diversity. A mean predicted species diversity per mapping square was also estimated by averaging the standardised predicted species richness over the five taxonomic groups, to locate the regions that were predicted as being the most species-rich for all five investigated taxonomic groups together. Finally, the applicability of predictive modelling in nature conservation policy both in Flanders and in other regions is discussed. 相似文献
87.
Thomas Schmitt Jan C. Habel Joachim Besold Tatjana Becker Linda Johnen Martin Knolle Andreas Rzepecki Johannes Schultze Andreas Zapp 《Journal of Insect Conservation》2006,10(4):311-316
The habitats of many species are fragmented. Therefore, the survival in a metapopulation depends on the stability of the single populations and the amount of movements between patches. We chose the calcareous grassland specialist butterfly species Polyommatus coridon as a model. As study area, we selected a mosaic-like landscape in Rhineland-Palatinate (western Germany) with several well preserved calcareous grassland fragments. We marked a total of 2,211 individuals during July and August 2003. The overall recapture ratio was 7.1%. The estimated mean butterfly densities over the whole flight season ranged from 52 to 487 individuals per hectare. The within-patch movements were relatively low (13.3%) compared with the between-patch movements (3.2%). Therefore, the metapopulation structure appears to be intact in our study area. 相似文献
88.
89.
Biotope Use and Trends of European Butterflies 总被引:7,自引:4,他引:3
Europe has undergone substantial biotope loss and change over the last century and data are needed urgently on the rate of
decline in different wildlife groups in order to identify and target conservation measures. However, pan-European data are
available for very few taxonomic groups, notably birds. We present here the first overview of trends for an insect group within
different biotopes across Europe, based on data from the Red Data Book of European Butterflies. The most important biotopes
for Europe’s 576 butterfly species, including threatened species, are man-made or man-influenced, notably types of grassland
or heath/scrub communities. Our results show that butterflies are declining substantially across Europe, with a decline in
distribution of −11% over the last 25 years. The distributions of the 25 most “generalist” species are declining only slowly
(−1%) compared to specialist butterflies of grassland (−19%), wetlands (−15%), and forests (−14%). On average, grassland butterflies
have declined somewhat slower than farmland birds (annual decrease −0.8% compared to −1.5%), but woodland butterflies have
decreased more rapidly (−0.01% to −0.6%) than woodland birds, which are more or less stable. The sensitivity of butterflies
to environmental changes and the availability of data across Europe suggest that they are very good candidates to build biodiversity
indicators and, along with other major groups such as birds, suitable to monitor progress towards the EU target of halting
biodiversity loss by 2010.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
90.
Butterfly diversity and abundance were sampled across eight 1-ha silvicultural treatment plots in southern Cameroon. The plotsincluded a cleared and unplanted farm fallow, cleared and replanted forestplots, and uncleared forest plots. The replanted plots were line-planted withTerminalia ivorensis, but differed in the degree and methodof clearance. A total of 205 species of butterflies were collected over twodifferent seasons. Several sampling methods were used, including hand collecting andbaited canopy traps. Sites with the greatest degree of disturbance andlowest level of tree cover had the lowest number of individuals and species ofbutterflies. The farm fallow had substantially fewer individuals and species ofbutterflies than the other plots. The replanted plots were intermediate betweenthe farm fallow and uncleared forest in terms of abundance, richness andcomposition. With all three forms of multivariate analysis (Morisita similarityindex clustering, detrended correspondence analysis and two-way indicatorspecies analysis) largest differences were found between the farm fallow anduncleared forest plots. The butterfly fauna of the uncleared forest more closelyapproximated that of the manually cleared plot than that of the mechanicallycleared plot. We found that although, in general, young replanted forest plotsare a poor substitute for native forest, they do provide habitat for some forestspecies and that this may increase over time as the plots mature. 相似文献