正常月经周期妇女卵泡液中激素水平的变化

本文测定了24例正常月经妇女在不同时相、不同大小卵泡的卵泡液中雌二醇(E_2)、孕酮(P_0)、雄烯二酮(A)、睾酮(T)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)和催乳素(PRL)的含量,并分析其与外周血中相应激素浓度的关系。测定结果显示:小卵泡的卵泡液中E_2、Po,FSH,LH水平低于大卵泡中水平,而A和T水平则相反。排卵前大卵泡中E_2(9815nmol/L),P_0(3316nmol/L),FSH(1.34IU/L)和LH(3.9lIU/L)达最高值。A(280nmol/L)和T(137nmol/L)却较小卵泡中水平低(相应为692nmol/L和176nmol/L)。PRL水平在大小卵泡中无显著性差异。卵泡液中甾体激素水平高于外周血7—20.000倍,FSH、LH水平为外周血的10—80％,PRL水平为60％—3倍。     

组胺H2受体拮抗剂对骨髓造血重建的影响

用组胺H_2受体拮抗剂(甲氰咪胍或呋喃硝胺)处理正常和亚致死量γ-射线照射小鼠,探讨正常体内造血和再生骨髓中造血重建与组胺受体的关系。发现非毒性剂量的甲氰咪胍对正常小鼠骨髓多能造血干细胞(CFU-s)无抑制作用,但可抑制小鼠体内粒单系祖细胞(CFU-GM)的生长和亚致死量照射后CFU-s产率的恢复。组胺可能与骨髓的再生有关,组胺H_2受体拮抗剂可抑制骨髓的造血重建。     

菠菜叶片过氧体甘氨酸转氨酶初探

菠菜叶片过氧体可转变甘油酸或羟基丙酮酸成为丝氨酸。以甘氨酸为氨基供体时,完整过氧体的转变活性比破碎的约高2.5倍,这不是由于完整的膜包被使有效的羟基丙酮酸浓度增加,或由于膜破碎使辅助因子损失,也不是由于过氧体膜的甘氨酸主动运输系统的作用。结果显示,在过氧体中存在甘氨酸转氨酶,完整过氧体中高的转氨速度可能是由于甘氨酸转氨酶在完整的和破碎的过氧体中的构象或构型不同。     

甘蔗幼叶切段培养中的体细胞胚胎发生

本文从形态学和组织学方面研究了甘蔗幼叶胚性愈伤组织发生及体细胞胚胎的形成过程。甘蔗幼叶片切段培养于含2.4—D1.5mg/1的MS培养基上,4—6天后切段开始形成愈伤组织,约10天后愈伤组织表面出现白色颗粒状结构。将含有白色颗粒状结构的愈伤组织转移至不含激素的培养基中,7—10天后可见有小植株长出。组织学和形态学观察表明,甘蔗离体再生植株是通过体细胞胚胎发生途径。     

高原低氧对喜马拉雅旱獭、高原鼠兔、缺氧敏感大鼠颈动脉体超微结构的影响

应用扫描电镜结合透射电镜技术,对上海(海拔10米)的大鼠,5天内从上海急进到海拔3300米的大鼠,由北京引入西宁的子4代大鼠,同高原的喜马拉雅旱獭和高原鼠兔的颈动脉体微细结构进行对比观察。结果表明,高原低氧环境使由低海拔急进到高海拔的大鼠颈动脉体Ⅰ型细胞增生、肿胀、体积增大,胞浆中致密核心囊泡数量减少,线粒体变性肿胀,神经末稍中突触囊泡减少,Ⅰ型细胞表面微绒毛变性脱落;而喜马拉雅旱獭和高原鼠兔对高原低氧环境有较好的适应,未见缺氧损害征象。     

钐在小鼠肝脏细胞中的动态观察

It is generally considered that the rare earth compounds are plasma membrane-impermeable, thus affecting the cells only on their surface. Recently, we found that after repeated injections to mice of large dose of samarium trichloride, a soluble compound of rare earth, samarium aggregates appeared in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes of liver. In this study, we aimed at observing the route by which samarium enters the liver cells and the process of the formation of samarium aggregates. Samarium trichloride was given to Swiss mice at one dose of 70 mg/kg intravenously. Thereafter, at different intervals from 15 min to 48 h after the injection, the samarium in liver was traced dynamically by electron microscopy and X ray microanalysis. From 15 min to 2 h both Kupffer cells and hepatocytes endocytosed samarium-containing particles and formed phagosomes, in which the ingested particles were progressively concentrated. Besides, the small phagosomes fused with each other. Phagocytosis was especially active in Kupffer cells. During the 4 h to 24 h many Kupffer cells were degenerated and broken. In hepatocytes the phagosomes gathered mostly around the bile canaliculi. Groups of highly electron-dense particles were found in the lumen of bile canaliculi, implying the excretion of samarium by bile. At the 48 h, the samarium-containing phagosomies were found still in both kinds of cells in the liver.     

几种哺乳动物精子顶体膜囊泡形成的研究

在猪、绵羊、地鼠这几种哺乳动物的精子体外获能后,在顶体反应的超显微结构中观察到:精子顶体膜囊泡化呈现多种形态,但囊泡都是由精子顶体的双层外膜多位点自我融合而形成的,质膜并不参与囊泡化,这一结果与前人报道的不同。     

滑菇营养生理研究

本文研究了滑菇在木屑-麦麸基质上生长期间,菌体对基质的转化效率和基质中主要组分的降解规律。实验结果表明:子实体绝对生物学效率为12.43%,产量系数为16.94%。子实体阶段的木素、半纤维素和纤维素的降解量以及非木质纤维素组分的减少量占子实体阶段基物中干物质减少量的百分比值分别为:5.85、17.54、49.13和27.48%。由此可见,纤维素是子实体生长阶段的主要碳源。滑菇在菌丝生长和子实体生长阶段分别有纤维素酶和半纤维素酶的活性高峰出现。进一步证明了:子实体阶段这两种酶的活性增加与子实体形成有密切关系