Summary In the present study, we have demonstrated, by means of the biotin-avidin method, the widespread distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunoreactive structures throughout the whole
brain of the Japanese quail (
Coturnix coturnix japonica). The prosencephalic region contained the highest concentration of both NPY-containing fibres and perikarya. Immunoreactive fibres were observed throughout, particularly within the paraolfactory lobe, the lateral septum, the nucleus taeniae, the preoptic area, the periventricular hypothalamic regions, the tuberal complex, and the ventrolateral thalamus. NPY-immunoreactive cells were represented by: a) small scattered perikarya in the telencephalic portion (i.e. archistriatal, neostriatal and hyperstriatal regions, hippocampus, piriform cortex); b) medium-sized cell bodies located around the nucleus rotundus, ventrolateral, and lateral anterior thalamic nuclei; c) small clustered cells within the periventricular and medial preoptic nuclei. The
brainstem showed a less diffuse innervation, although a dense network of immunopositive fibres was observed within the optic tectum, the periaqueductal region, and the Edinger-Westphal, linearis caudalis and raphes nuclei. Two populations of large NPY-containing perikarya were detected: one located in the isthmic region, the other at the boundaries of the pons with the medulla. The wide distribution of NPY-immunoreactive structures within regions that have been demonstrated to play a role in the control of vegetative, endocrine and sensory activities suggests that, in birds, this neuropeptide is involved in the regulation of several aspects of cerebral functions.Abbreviations
AA
archistriatum anterius
-
AC
nucleus accumbens
-
AM
nucleus anterior medialis
-
APP
avian pancreatic polypeptide
-
CNS
centrai nervous system
-
CO
chiasma opticum
-
CP
commissura posterior
-
CPi
cortex piriformis
-
DIC
differential interferential contrast
-
DLAl
nucleus dorsolateralis anterior thalami, pars lateralis
-
DLAm
nucleus dorsolateralis anterior thalami, pars medialis
-
E
ectostriatum
-
EW
nucleus of Edinger-Westphal
-
FLM
fasciculus longitudinalis medialis
-
GCt
substantia grisea centralis
-
GLv
nucleus geniculatus lateralis, pars ventralis
-
HA
hyperstriatum accessorium
-
Hp
hippocampus
-
HPLC
high performance liquid chromatography
-
HV
hyperstriatum ventrale
-
IF
nucleus infundibularis
-
IO
nucleus isthmo-opticus
-
IP
nucleus interpeduncularis
-
IR
immunoreactive
-
LA
nucleus lateralis anterior thalami
-
LC
nucleus linearis caudalis
-
LFS
lamina frontalis superior
-
LH
lamina hyperstriatica
-
LHRH
luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
-
LoC
locus coeruleus
-
LPO
lobus paraolfactorius
-
ME
eminentia mediana
-
N
neostriatum
-
NC
neostriatum caudale
-
NPY
neuropeptide Y
-
NIII
nervus oculomotorius
-
NV
nervus trigeminus
-
NVI
nervus facialis
-
NVIIIc
nervus octavus, pars cochlearis
-
nIV
nucleus nervi oculomotorii
-
nIX
nucleus nervi glossopharyngei
-
nBOR
nucleus opticus basalis (ectomamilaris)
-
nCPa
nucleus commissurae pallii
-
nST
nucleus striae terminalis
-
OM
tractus occipitomesencephalicus
-
OS
nucleus olivaris superior
-
PA
palaeostriatum augmentatum
-
PBS
phosphate-buffered saline
-
POA
nucleus praeopticus anterior
-
POM
nucleus praeopticus medialis
-
POP
nucleus praeopticus periventricularis
-
PP
pancreatic polypeptide
-
PYY
polypeptide YY
-
PVN
nucleus paraventricularis magnocellularis
-
PVO
organum paraventriculare
-
R
nucleus raphes
-
ROT
nucleus rotundus
-
RP
nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis
-
Rpc
nucleus reticularis parvocellularis
-
RPgc
nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis, pars gigantocellularis
-
RPO
nucleus reticularis pontis oralis
-
SCd
nucleus subcoeruleus dorsalis
-
SCv
nucleus subcoeruleus ventralis
-
SCNm
nucleus suprachiasmaticus, pars medialis
-
SCNl
nucleus suprachiasmaticus, pars lateralis
-
SL
nucleus septalis lateralis
-
SM
nucleus septalis medialis
-
Ta
nucleus tangentialis
-
TeO
tectum opticum
-
Tn
nucleus taeniae
-
TPc
nucleus tegmenti pedunculo-pontinus, pars compacta
-
TSM
tractus septo-mesencephalicus
-
TV
nueleus tegmenti ventralis
-
VeL
nucleus vestibularis lateralis
-
VLT
nucleus ventrolateralis thalami
-
VMN
nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami
A preliminary report of this study was presented at the 15th Conference of European Comparative Endocrinologists, Leuven, Belgium, September 1990
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