The inheritance of shovel shape in maxillary central incisors

The aim of this study is to investigate the inheritance of the shovel shape of maxillary permanent central incisors. The material collected on Hailuoto Island, off the western coast of Finland, consists of 319 dental casts. The genealogical data are from the parish register. The genetic method is based on the incidence of the trait in the sibships as compared to that in the whole population sample. The results suggest that the trait is hereditary, and transmitted by a single intermediate autosomal gene, although more complex models of inheritance are also acceptable.     

龙生型高油酸花生种质油酸亚油酸含量及其比值的遗传分析

应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型,对2个龙生型花生高油酸种质与低油酸珍珠豆型品种杂交组合F2的油酸、亚油酸含量及其比值(O/L值)进行遗传分析,结果表明:花生油酸、亚油酸含量的遗传均表现为1对主基因加性-显性模型。控制油酸含量主基因的加性、显性效应值和遗传率在组合I中分别为8.6281、-2.0164和65.26%,在组合II中则分别为10.6638、1.0652和71.39%;控制亚油酸含量主基因的加性、显性效应值和遗传率在组合I中分别为8.0327、1.2858和73.64%,在组合II中则分别为9.0885、-1.0826和71.59%。O/L值的遗传表现为2对主基因加性-显性-上位性模型。2对主基因的加性效应值分别为0.6855、0.6814(组合I)和1.6842、0.8835(组合II),显性效应值分别为-0.6838、0.024(组合I)和-1.6559、-0.5127(组合II);加性×加性效应(i)、加性×显性效应(jab)、显性×加性效应(jba)、显性×显性效应(l)分别为0.6812、0.024、-0.6803、-0.0244(组合I)和0.8822、-0.5124、-0.8594、0.496(组合II);组合I、II主基因遗传率分别为82.57%和88.64%。     

Fertility,Inheritance and Amino Acid Analysis of Lysine Plus Threonine-Resistant Mutant Progenies of Maize

Sixth generation of mutant maize seed homozygous for lysine plus threonine resistancewhich was derived from the resistant callus cultures has been harvested. The resistance could be inherited stably. The fertility, however, was very poor. The resistant homozygotes have been obtained by backcross of the wild type with the resistant plants (W77-R3019 ×R0), and their fertility could be parlty recovered after selection for the resistant plants from backcross progenies. Genetic analysis showed that the resistance inherited as a single dominant nuclear allele. All of the free amino acids except phenylalan inc in the homozygote are increased by 4 folds. and free essential amino acids by 5 folds which are higher than those in the wild types. Total amino acids increased by 5.53%. The dramatic increase (11 times) in free threonine adds up the total threonine by 17.73%. Difference of the protein content between the homozygote and wild type was not obvious. These results show that selection for the resistance to lysine plus threonine in maize and other cereals is probably very useful for improving their value of protein nutrition.     

三角帆蚌贝壳珍珠层颜色遗传规律的初步研究

为了探明三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)贝壳珍珠层颜色的遗传规律,为珍珠层颜色的选择育种提供理论指导,利用三角帆蚌紫色和白色选育品系进行自交和正反杂交,建立了白色♂×白色♀、白色♂×紫色♀、紫色♂×白色♀和紫色♂×紫色♀4个交配组合,统计分析了每个交配组合子代的珍珠层颜色分离情况.结果显示,白色自交组合的子代贝壳珍珠层颜色全部表现为白色,没有发生颜色分离;杂交组合的子代珍珠层颜色出现两种情况,一是全部表现为紫色,二是颜色发生分离,且紫色和白色个体比例符合1∶1的比例关系;紫色自交组合的子代珍珠层颜色也出现两种情况,一是全部表现为紫色,二是颜色分离出紫色和白色,且比例符合3∶1的比例关系.结果表明,三角帆蚌贝壳珍珠层颜色受遗传基因控制,可以稳定遗传,属质量性状.珍珠层紫色性状对白色性状为显性,两种颜色性状均不存在母性遗传.白色个体为隐性纯合体,选育纯化较为容易,而紫色个体既有显性纯合体又有杂合体,选育纯化相对较困难.     

The Inheritance of Features

Since the discovery of the double helical structure of DNA, the standard account of the inheritance of features has been in terms of DNA-copying and DNA-transmission. This theory is just a version of the old theory according to which the inheritance of features is explained by the transfer at conception of some developmentally privileged material from parents to offspring. This paper does the following things: (1) it explains what the inheritance of features is; (2) it explains how the DNA-centric theory emerged; (3) it clarifies the relation between the DNA-centric theory and the ‘unfolding’ theory of development; (4) it argues that (given what we now know about developmental processes and genetic activity) the DNA-centric theory should be abandoned in favour of a pluralistic (but not holistic) theory of the inheritance of features. According to this pluralistic theory, the reliable reoccurrence of phenotypes must be explained by appealing not only to processes responsible for the reliable reoccurrence of genetic developmental factors but also to processes responsible for the reliable reoccurrence (or persistence) of nongenetic developmental factors.     

DDS: Dynamics of Developmental Systems

Abstract. The acronym Developmental systems theory (DST) has been introduced into the literature on development in at least three different contexts in recent years – twice for DST, and before that, for Dynamical Systems Theory – and in all cases, to designate a new perspective for understanding development. Subtle but significant differences in argument and aims distinguish these uses, and confound the difficulty of saying just what DST is. My aim in this paper is to disambiguate these different terms – both to call attention to the difference of perspectives, and to carve out a conceptual space for the concrete issues at stake.     

普通小麦99-2439中的白粉病抗性遗传

普通冬小麦品系99-2439在郑州连续4年对田间白粉菌(Blumeria graminis sp.tritici)表现高抗,但其抗性基因来源不清.通过染色体C-分带和IRS染色体特异性SCAR标记鉴定,表明它是一个小麦-黑麦(Triticum aestivum-Secale cereale)lBL/1RS异易位系.通过对中国春×99-2439杂交F2代分离群体抗性鉴定和1RS染色体臂检测结果分析,证明该抗病基因不在1RS染色体臂上.用单孢小麦白粉菌分离株对其抗性遗传进行研究,结果表明,99-2439的白粉病抗性由一对小种专化、隐性抗病基因控制.由于携带Pm5a的Hope/8Cc对中国的21个小麦白粉菌分离菌株均高度感病,而99-2439高抗混和白粉菌和5个单孢分离菌株,所以,99-2439所携带的抗白粉病基因不同于Pm5a.     

转IL-4基因大白菜后代的分子检测及遗传分析

采用PPT抗性筛选、PCR扩增、PCR-Southern杂交、ELISA、Western杂交等方法,对花粉管通道法介导IL-4基因转化大白菜的后代进行了分子生物学检测,同时结合统计分析手段研究了IL-4基因在转基因大白菜后代中的遗传规律.结果表明:(1)PPT抗性的转基因大白菜,T4代植株PPT抗性的阳性率为33.43％,IL-4基因PCR扩增的阳性率为1.39％.IL-4的分离情况不符合孟德尔分离定律.(2)对T4代5个株系的14个PCR阳性株进行ELISA检测,其中有7份样品为阳性,IL-4表达量约为326.87 ～ 1233.13 ng/g FW,同一株系内各株间IL-4的表达量差异显著.(3) Western杂交进一步证实IL-4在转基因大白菜后代中能正常表达.PCR-southern杂交表明IL-4基因已整合到大白菜基因组中,且在转基因后代植株中仍然存在.     

长寿与衰老相关分子机制研究进展

长寿是一个复杂的特征,因遗传、环境等因素的差异而不同,理想情况下主要取决于衰老速率。相关分子机制多种多样,主要有生长激素(GH)和胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)途径、Forkhead box O3基因(FOXO3)、AMP活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)、sirtuins家族基因、载脂蛋白E基因(APOE)、端粒酶基因、mTOR信号通路、抑癌基因p53、慢性炎症转录因子NF-κB、自噬-溶酶体信号通路、长链非编码RNA(lncRNAs)、蛋氨酸亚砜还原酶系统(Msr)。同时,环境因素也影响着人类的寿命,例如饮食限制、运动、地理条件、环境压力等。本文从遗传和环境两方面综述影响人类寿命因素的最新研究进展。     

Prenatal diagnosis of de novo interstitial deletions involving 5q23.1–q23.3 and 18q12.1–q12.3 by array CGH using uncultured amniocytes in a pregnancy with fetal interrupted aortic arch and atrial septal defect

We present prenatal diagnosis of de novo interstitial deletions involving 5q23.1–q23.3 and 18q12.1–q12.3 by aCGH using uncultured amniocytes in pregnancy with interrupted aortic arch and atrial septal defect in a fetus. The fetus postnatally manifested facial dysmorphisms and long slender fingers. We discuss the genotype–phenotype correlation and the consequence of haploinsufficiency of FBN2, DTNA and CELF4 in this case.