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51.
Quinn P. Fitzgibbon Roger S. Seymour Jeffery Buchanan Richard Musgrove John Carragher 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2010,89(1):59-69
Of the few measurements of the behavioural and physiological responses of tuna to hypoxia, most are restricted to shallow
diving tropical species. Furthermore, when wild tuna experience low dissolved oxygen, they are likely to have an increased
oxygen demand associated with the metabolic cost of food digestion and assimilation (specific dynamic action). However the
response of postprandial tuna to hypoxia has never been examined. This study focuses on the metabolic and behavioural responses
of both fasted and postprandial southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) to low dissolved oxygen. Fasted T. maccoyii were exposed to dissolved oxygen levels of 4.44, 3.23, 2.49 and 1.57 mg·l−1 for 20–21 h. In moderate hypoxia (4.44 and 3.23 mg·l−1), swimming speed was enhanced (1.5 and 1.3 times normoxic speed, respectively) presumably to increase ventilation volume.
Routine metabolic rate (R
r
) was similarly elevated (1.3 and 1.2 times normoxic R
r
, respectively), most likely due to increased metabolic demand of faster swimming. At 2.49 mg·l−1, swimming speed increased to over double the normoxic speed, possibly as an escape response. At 1.57 mg·l−1, both swimming speed and R
r
were reduced (0.8 and 0.9 times normoxic level, respectively), and tuna failed to survive the entire 20 h exposure period.
This reveals that the critical oxygen level of T. maccoyii is between 1.57 and 2.49 mg·l−1, demonstrating that they are remarkably well adapted to low dissolved oxygen. Feeding did not greatly influence their hypoxia
tolerance with tuna surviving exposure to dissolved oxygen levels of 2.96 and 1.81 mg·l−1 for 21 h, after ingesting a ration of 6.7% body weight of sardines (Sardinops sagax). In a subsequent experiment to determine the effects of hypoxia on digestion rate, T. maccoyii were fed to satiation and exposed to a dissolved oxygen level of 2.84 mg·l−1 for 6.5–8 h. There was no significant difference in swimming speed, R
r
and gastric evacuation rates of tuna in hypoxia compared to those in normoxia. This demonstrates that in moderate to severe
hypoxia, T. maccoyii are still capable of aerobically supporting maintenance metabolism, routine swimming and specific dynamic action. It is hypothesized
that adaptations which support the large metabolic scope of tuna are also likely to be beneficial for oxygen extraction and
delivery in conditions of hypoxia. 相似文献
52.
Marian L. Fitzgibbon Melinda R. Stolley Linda Schiffer Lisa K. Sharp Vicky Singh Alan Dyer 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2010,18(12):2317-2325
Obesity is a chronic condition that is prevalent in black women. The Obesity Reduction Black Intervention Trial (ORBIT) was a randomized controlled weight loss and weight‐loss maintenance (WLM) trial. Participants (N = 213) were randomized to the intervention or control groups in August 2005 and September 2006. Follow‐up data were collected 6 and 18 months after randomization. The main outcome was change in weight and BMI from baseline to 18 months. The mean weight at baseline was 104.9 kg, and the mean weight loss in the intervention group at 6 months was 3.0 kg and a gain of 0.2 kg in the control group (mean difference between groups in weight change at 6 months, adjusting for baseline weight and cohort, ?3.27 kg; 95% confidence interval (CI), ?4.50 to ?2.05 kg; P < 0.001). Both groups gained weight between 6 and 18 months (mean 1.0 kg in the intervention group and 0.1 kg in the control group). However, intervention participants lost significantly more weight than control participants during the 18‐month intervention (adjusted mean difference between groups at 18 months, ?2.83 kg; 95% CI, ?4.71 to ?0.95; P = 0.003). At 18 months, intervention participants were more likely than control participants to have lost at least 5% of baseline weight (24% vs. 12%, P < 0.04). Our results indicate that the ORBIT program did promote weight loss and weight‐loss maintenance. However, the results also clearly illustrate there is more to learn about what will contribute to meaningful weight loss and maintenance in this population. 相似文献
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57.
Lyndsey C. Pickup Andrew W. Fitzgibbon Andrew Glennerster 《Biological cybernetics》2013,107(4):449-464
It is often assumed that humans generate a 3D reconstruction of the environment, either in egocentric or world-based coordinates, but the steps involved are unknown. Here, we propose two reconstruction-based models, evaluated using data from two tasks in immersive virtual reality. We model the observer’s prediction of landmark location based on standard photogrammetric methods and then combine location predictions to compute likelihood maps of navigation behaviour. In one model, each scene point is treated independently in the reconstruction; in the other, the pertinent variable is the spatial relationship between pairs of points. Participants viewed a simple environment from one location, were transported (virtually) to another part of the scene and were asked to navigate back. Error distributions varied substantially with changes in scene layout; we compared these directly with the likelihood maps to quantify the success of the models. We also measured error distributions when participants manipulated the location of a landmark to match the preceding interval, providing a direct test of the landmark-location stage of the navigation models. Models such as this, which start with scenes and end with a probabilistic prediction of behaviour, are likely to be increasingly useful for understanding 3D vision. 相似文献
58.
Stolley MR Fitzgibbon ML Schiffer L Sharp LK Singh V Van Horn L Dyer A 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2009,17(1):100-106
The Obesity Reduction Black Intervention Trial (ORBIT) is a randomized controlled trial designed to assess the efficacy of a culturally proficient 6-month weight loss intervention followed by a 1-year maintenance intervention. This article describes the results of the 6-month weight loss intervention. Two hundred thirteen obese black women aged 30-65 years were randomized to the intervention group or a general health control group. The intervention consisted of a 6-month culturally adapted weight loss program that targeted changes in diet and physical activity patterns. Weight, dietary intake, and physical activity were measured at baseline and 6 months. A total of 198 women (93%) completed both the baseline and postintervention assessments. Women in the intervention group lost significantly more weight than women in the control group (P < 0.001). However, weight change was variable within the intervention group, with a maximum weight loss of 19.4% of initial body weight and a maximum weight gain of 6.4% of initial body weight. Women in the intervention group also showed significant improvements in fruit intake (P < 0.01), Healthy Eating Index score (P < 0.001), and moderate (P = 0.05), and vigorous (P < 0.001) physical activity compared to women in the control group. This study demonstrates that a culturally adapted program can successfully promote weight loss in obese black women. However, average weight loss was relatively modest, and weight change varied widely within the intervention group. Further research is needed in order to develop programs that will allow more black women to achieve their weight loss goals.. 相似文献
59.
Rauch A Bellew M Eng J Fitzgibbon M Holzman T Hussey P Igra M Maclean B Lin CW Detter A Fang R Faca V Gafken P Zhang H Whiteaker J Whitaker J States D Hanash S Paulovich A McIntosh MW 《Journal of proteome research》2006,5(1):112-121
The open-source Computational Proteomics Analysis System (CPAS) contains an entire data analysis and management pipeline for Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomics, including experiment annotation, protein database searching and sequence management, and mining LC-MS/MS peptide and protein identifications. CPAS architecture and features, such as a general experiment annotation component, installation software, and data security management, make it useful for collaborative projects across geographical locations and for proteomics laboratories without substantial computational support. 相似文献
60.