排序方式: 共有56条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
J. M. Whipps 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》1992,2(1):3-24
Aspects of biological control of plant disease relevant to the horticultural industry are reviewed. Examples are given of modes of action based on parasitism or predation, antibiosis, competition, cross‐protection and other host‐mediated events. Other examples involve cultural control, the use of soil supplements and organic amendments. Strategies for selection and direct application of microbial antagonists are reviewed for aerial, root and growing media/soil microbiomes. Examples of biocontrol preparations that are currently available or undergoing registration are tabulated, and the potential for future development of biocontrol in the horticultural industry is briefly discussed. 相似文献
42.
Aim: To evaluate the antifungal activity of nitric oxide (NO) against the growth of the postharvest horticulture pathogens Aspergillus niger , Monilinia fructicola and Penicillium italicum under in vitro conditions.
Methods and Results: Different volumes of NO gas were injected into the Petri dish headspace to obtain the desired concentrations of 50–500 μ l l−1 . The growth of the fungi was measured for 8 days of incubation in air at 25°C . All concentrations of NO were found to produce an antifungal effect on spore germination, sporulation and mycelial growth of the three fungi, with the most effective concentration for A. niger and P. italicum being 100 and 500 μ l l−1 for M. fructicola .
Conclusions: Short-term exposure to a low concentration of NO gas was able to inhibit the subsequent growth of A. niger , M. fructicola and P. italicum .
Significance and Impact of the Study: NO gas has potential use as a natural fungicide to inhibit microbial growth on postharvest fruit and vegetables. 相似文献
Methods and Results: Different volumes of NO gas were injected into the Petri dish headspace to obtain the desired concentrations of 50–500 μ l l
Conclusions: Short-term exposure to a low concentration of NO gas was able to inhibit the subsequent growth of A. niger , M. fructicola and P. italicum .
Significance and Impact of the Study: NO gas has potential use as a natural fungicide to inhibit microbial growth on postharvest fruit and vegetables. 相似文献
43.
Numerical taxonomy study of Salvia sect. Salvia (Labiatae) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ANTONIO REALES DIEGO RIVERA fls JOSÉ ANTONIO PALAZÓN CONCEPCIÓN OBÓN fls 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2004,145(3):353-371
Multivariate analysis was carried out in order to elucidate the taxonomic relationships between Salvia officinalis L., the type species of the genus, and S. fruticosa Mill., both taxa included in section Salvia (Labiatae). Seventy-five different herbarium specimens from all over the Mediterranean Region, belonging to these two taxa, were analysed. Twenty-four specimens belonging to S. lavandulifolia Vahl. s.l. , were used as outgroups. Twenty-six morphological characters were measured and a data matrix was constructed prior to multivariate analysis by means of R software. Multiple correspondence analysis was used to obtain a single dendrogram, applying Ward's minimum variance algorithm. This tree was used as a basis to propose a key for the determination of the species and subspecies studied. S. lavandulifolia is separated in two groups, one belonging to S. officinalis and another one representing what was called S. blancoana . Salvia officinalis L. ssp. gallica (W. Lippert) Reales, D. Rivera & Obón and S. officinalis L. ssp. oxyodon (Webb & Heldr.) Reales, D. Rivera & Obón are discussed as new combinations. In addition, a hybrid between S. officinalis and S. fruticosa is identified and its importance in gardening and cultivation is discussed. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2004, 145 , 353–371. 相似文献
44.
Thomas D.?Syros Traianos A.?YupsanisEmail author Athanasios S.?Economou 《Plant Growth Regulation》2005,46(2):143-151
Peroxidase (POD) activity and isoform patterns were investigated during seedling growth (up to 20 days) of Ebenus cretica L. Seeds germinated to approx. 100% after a 24-h imbibition. Seedling growth proceeded smoothly, in both light and dark conditions. No seedling growth was noticed at 4°C. A positive effect of light and increasing temperature (4, 10, 16, 22 and 28°C) on seedlings growth, lignin content and POD activity was observed. Lignin content was 2.5 times higher in seedlings grown under light than in seedlings grown under darkness. Seedlingsȁ9 POD activity was higher in acid pH (5.5) in comparison to neutral pH (7.0). These activities were higher in seedlings grown under darkness than in those grown under light; since additional POD isoforms were expressed in dark conditions. The increase in POD activity was accompanied with the appearance of new POD isoforms correlated with the growth of the seedlings. Four soluble anionic POD isoforms (named A1, A2, A3 and A4) and three soluble cationic POD isoforms (named C1, C2 and C3) were displayed depending on the treatment and the course of growth. POD isoforms were detected in gel after PAGE. The fast migrating (A4) isoform, which appeared in the dark-grown seedlings as well as on day 20 at 28°C in the temperature treatment, was separated by DEAE–Sepharose column chromatography. A slow migrating C1 isoform slightly appeared in both 4 and 10°C temperature treatments and could be related to the low temperature treatments, while A1, A2, A3 and C2 to the growth stage of seedlings. The expression of seven POD isoforms during seedling growth seems to be related to different developmental events of growth and could be used as useful biochemical markers in the analysis of metabolic regulation in seedling growth of Ebenus cretica. 相似文献
45.
46.
The promise and the potential consequences of the global transport of mycorrhizal fungal inoculum 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Schwartz MW Hoeksema JD Gehring CA Johnson NC Klironomos JN Abbott LK Pringle A 《Ecology letters》2006,9(5):501-515
Advances in ecology during the past decade have led to a much more detailed understanding of the potential negative consequences of species' introductions. Moreover, recent studies of mycorrhizal symbionts have led to an increased knowledge of the potential utility of fungal inoculations in agricultural, horticultural and ecological management. The intentional movement of mycorrhizal fungal species is growing, but the concomitant potential for negative ecological consequences of invasions by mycorrhizal fungi is poorly understood. We assess the degree to which introductions of mycorrhizal fungi may lead to unintended negative, and potentially costly, consequences. Our purpose is to make recommendations regarding appropriate management guidelines and highlight top priority research needs. Given the difficulty in discerning invasive species problems associated with mycorrhizal inoculations, we recommend the following. First, careful assessment documenting the need for inoculation, and the likelihood of success, should be conducted prior to inoculation because inoculations are not universally beneficial. Second, invasive species problems are costly and often impossible to control by the time they are recognized. We recommend using local inoculum sources whenever possible. Third, non-sterile cultures of inoculum can result in the movement of saprobes and pathogens as well as mutualists. We recommend using material that has been produced through sterile culture when local inoculum is not available. Finally, life-history characteristics of inoculated fungi may provide general guidelines relative to the likelihood of establishment and spread. We recommend that, when using non-local fungi, managers choose fungal taxa that carry life-history traits that may minimize the likelihood of deleterious invasive species problems. Additional research is needed on the potential of mycorrhizal fungi to spread to non-target areas and cause ecological damage. 相似文献
47.
John T. Omohundro 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》1985,13(3):291-308
Traditional Newfoundland horticulture has been a subordinate and compensatory element of the subsistence sphere in a plural economy centered on fishing. Criticized as inefficient and ruinous to the land, this tuber-rootbrassica gardening has in fact been a valuable contribution to diet, is relatively efficient, and compensates for the inadequacies of land and weather. Field data from the Great Northern Peninsula, where some traditional practices persist, demonstrate that the practices conserve time and labor, and substitute massive applications of materials to assure a yield sufficient for household needs. The inefficiency in the tradition may be understood as a response to the constraints upon household labor and follows a kind of Leibig's law of the minimum. Recent changes in gardening practices reveal the dynamics of horticulture in the household's mixed economic strategy. As cash and land have become more common, they have been used to further reduce time while maintaining sufficiency.The research upon which this report is based was aided in 1982 by financial support from the American Philosophical Society and the State University of New York Research Foundation Faculty Awards program. 相似文献
48.
Michelle T. Fountain Alvaro Delgado Greg Deakin Frederick Davis Sebastian Hemer 《Agricultural and Forest Entomology》2023,25(1):1-8
- Frankliniella occidentalis is a pest of horticultural crops, including commercial strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa). Control is challenging because certain populations are resistant to insecticides and, in strawberry, now relies on the application of biocontrols. However, this approach is not always successful if F. occidentalis populations overwhelm biocontrols. We investigated whether targeted spectral modifications to cladding materials could reduce numbers of F. occidentalis, in strawberry flowers.
- Five UV-attenuating plastic-film materials were tested in three, 6-week, semi-field tunnel experiments containing strawberry plants. F. occidentalis were introduced into tunnels from a laboratory culture and subsequent numbers that developed in strawberry flowers were recorded.
- Limiting UV-A radiation to the crop significantly reduced the numbers of adult and larval F. occidentalis in strawberry flowers. The numbers of adult (and larvae) in flowers were reduced by 42 (47)%, 54 (41)%, 70 (73)%, and 82 (73)% in UV350, UV370, UV400, and UV430-attenuating films, respectively, compared with the UVopen (control) film. However, no damage to strawberry fruits was observed regardless of the film treatment.
- Incorporating UV-attenuating films as tunnel cladding can suppress F. occidentalis numbers in strawberry. Reducing populations of F. occidentalis in crops is likely to enable the more successful use of other non-chemical control strategies.
49.
Aim Reconstructing the introduction history of exotic species is critical to understanding ecological and evolutionary processes that underlie invasive spread and to designing strategies that prevent or manage invasions. The aims of this study were to infer the introduction history of the invasive apomictic bunchgrass Cortaderia jubata and to determine if molecular data support the postulated horticultural origin of invasive populations. Location Invaded areas in the USA (California, Maui) and New Zealand; native areas in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. Methods We used nuclear microsatellite markers to genotype 281 plants from invaded areas in California, Maui and New Zealand, and 77 herbarium specimens from native South America, and compared the genotypic and clonal variation of C. jubata from the invaded and native ranges. Clonal diversity was determined from genotypic diversity using two analytical methods. Results Invasive C. jubata from invaded regions in California, Maui and New Zealand consisted of the same single clone that probably originated from a single introduced genotype. In contrast, 14 clones were detected in herbarium specimens from the native areas of Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. The invasive clone matched the most common clone identified in herbarium specimens from southern Ecuador where horticultural stock is presumed to have originated. Main conclusions The lack of clonal and genotypic diversity in invasive plants, but moderately high diversity detected in native plants, indicates a significant reduction in genetic variation associated with the introduction of C. jubata outside of its native range. Based on historical accounts of the horticultural introduction of C. jubata and the results of this study, a severe founder effect probably occurred during deliberate introduction of C. jubata into cultivation. Our results are consistent with the postulated horticultural origin of invasive C. jubata and point to southern Ecuador as the geographical source of invasive populations. 相似文献
50.