中国星盾炱属分类研究Ⅰ.

本文报道了产于中国的星盾炱属Asterina L(?)v.的15个种,其中2个新种和5个国内新记录种。新种是沉香星盾炱Asterina aquilariae Y.S.Ouyang et B.Song和藤黄生星盾炱Asterina garciniicola Y.S.Ouyang et B.Song.标本保存于广东省微生物研究所(GDIM)。     

中国毛腿牙甲属的分类研究：鞘翅目：牙甲科

本文记述了中国毛腿牙甲属１１种,其中有３新种,即黄褐毛腿牙甲Ａｎａｃａｅｎａａｔｒｉｆｌａｖａ,拟云云南毛腿牙甲Ａ．ｐｓｅｕｄｏｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ和海南毛腿牙甲Ａ．ｈａｉｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ。并制作了分种检索表。     

播种密度和基肥条件对晚籼稻旱育秧苗某些生理特性的影响

研究了1995年晚季不同播种密度和不同基肥对华南稻区晚籼稻旱育秧苗某些生理特性的影响。结果表明,在2种播种密度和5种基肥构成的10个处理中,秧苗叶龄、苗高和假茎宽等均无明显差异。在播种量为125g m-2条件下,虽然秧苗的总生长量较低,但其干/鲜重比值仍较播种密度为65gm-2略高;不同处理间的功能叶叶绿素含量(a b)、白根数/株和根活力呈显著差异,其中以沤熟有机肥和高无机肥用量作基肥的处理效果明显优于低无机肥用量作基肥的处理。因此,在进行旱育秧苗床培肥中,应注意以施用有机肥为主,适当补充无机肥,才能获得根系发达、活力强的健壮旱秧,为移栽后的叶蘖早发打基础。     

Thioredoxin 1 regulation of protein S-desulfhydration

The importance of H₂S in biology and medicine has been widely recognized in recent years, and protein S-sulfhydration is proposed to mediate the direct actions of H₂S bioactivity in the body. Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) is an important reducing enzyme that cleaves disulfides in proteins and acts as an S-denitrosylase. The regulation of Trx1 on protein S-sulfhydration is unclear. Here we showed that Trx1 facilitates protein S-desulfhydration. Overexpression of Trx1 attenuated the basal level and H₂S-induced protein S-sulfhydration by direct interaction with S-sulfhydrated proteins, i.e., glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate carboxylase. In contrast, knockdown of Trx1 mRNA expression by short interfering RNA or blockage of Trx1 redox activity with PX12 or 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene enhanced protein S-sulfhydration. Mutation of cysteine-32 but not cysteine-35 in the Trp–Cys³²–Gly–Pro–Cys³⁵ motif eliminated the binding of Trx1 with S-sulfhydrated proteins and abolished the S-desulfhydrating effect of Trx1. All these data suggest that Trx1 acts as an S-desulfhydrase.     

施氮和减水对中亚热带壳斗科三种幼树生物量及其分配的影响

土壤氮素和土壤含水量是森林生态系统中限制植物生长的重要因子。为探讨常绿阔叶树种对模拟氮沉降增加和降水减少的响应,以同质园中自然生长的壳斗科(Fagaceae)丝栗栲(Castanopsis fargesii)、大叶青冈(Cyclobalanopsis jensenniana)和麻栎(Quercus acutissima)五年生幼树为对象,比较了对照(CK)、施氮(+N,施氮60 kg hm~(-2) a~(-1))、减水(-W,减少自然降水的50%)以及施氮和减水(+N-W,施氮60 kg hm~(-2) a~(-1)和减少自然降水的50%)对总生物量、各器官生物量及其生物量分配的影响。研究表明:(1)施氮显著增加了三种幼树的总生物量及各器官生物量(P0.05)。(2)减水未引起三种幼树的总生物量及各器官生物量的显著下降(P0.05)。(3)除麻栎树叶生物量、树枝生物量外,施氮和减水交互作用对三种幼树总生物量及各器官生物量没有明显影响(P0.05)。(4)施氮显著提高了丝栗栲幼树的干重比、大叶青冈幼树的干重比和枝重比(P0.05),降低了大叶青冈的叶重比和根重比(P0.05)。(5)减水导致丝栗栲幼树和麻栎幼树的根重比、麻栎幼树的根冠比显著增加(P0.05),引起丝栗栲幼树的枝重比、麻栎幼树的叶重比、枝重比和干重比显著降低(P0.05)。(6)施氮和减水交互作用显著提高了丝栗栲幼树的根重比(P0.05),降低了麻栎幼树的干重比(P0.05)。     

The Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Induces Strong Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Mice

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) catalyzes guanosine or adenosine mononucleotide-dependent reversible conversion of oxaloacetate (OAA) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). Mycobacterium (M) tuberculosis possesses a putative GTP-dependent PEPCK. To analyze the immune responses caused by PEPCK, the effects of PEPCK on the induction of CD4⁺ T cells and cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-12 and TNF-α were evaluated in mice. It was found that the number of CD4⁺ T cells was increased in the PEPCK immunized mice although the change of the number of CD8⁺ T cells was not significant. The cytokines IFN-γ, IL-12 and TNF-α were increased significantly in the mice immunized with PEPCK than those of incomplete adjuvant. These characteristics were further demonstrated in the mice infected by pckA mutated BCG strain. The results indicate that PEPCK can effectively induce cell-mediated immune response by increasing activity of cytokines and PEPCK may be a promising new subunit vaccine candidate for tuberculosis.     

EST analysis of the immune-relevant genes in Chinese amphioxus challenged with lipopolysaccharide

It is generally accepted that the adaptive immune system is only present in vertebrates but not in invertebrates. Amphioxus is the most basal chordate and hence is an important reference to the evolution of the adaptive immune system. Here, a cDNA library of lipopolysaccharide-challenged amphioxus was constructed in order to identify immune genes. A total of 3024 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were examined and 63 out of 398 annotated genes (16.3%) appeared related to immunity. Most of them encode cell adhesion molecules or signal proteins that are involved in immune responses. Although the key molecules such as TCR, MHC, Ig or VLR involved in the adaptive immune system were not identified in our database, we demonstrated the presence of histocompatibility-relevant genes and lymphocyte immune signaling-relevant genes. These findings support the statement that amphioxus presents some components that may be recruited by adaptive immune processes.     

Identification and expression of an elastase homologue in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Branchiostoma belcheri</Emphasis> with implications to the origin of vertebrate pancreas

Elastases have been identified in a variety of organisms ranging from bacteria to insects to mammals, yet little is known to date about them in amphioxus, a model animal for insights into the origin and evolution of vertebrates. In this study we demonstrate the presence of an elastase homologue, named BbElas, in Branchiostoma belcheri. The recombinant BbElas hydrolyses the elastase specific substrate N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Ala p-nitroanilide, which can be inhibited by the serine proteinase inhibitor PMSF, the elastase-specific inhibitor elastatinal and the cysteine proteinase inhibitor PCMB. Phylogenetic analysis shows that BbElas represents the archetype of vertebrate elastases, hinting at the clues that the different isoforms of vertebrate elastases are originated from an ancestral gene like BbElas. Our results also suggest that the mid-gut in amphioxus is to homologous vertebrate pancreas, a novel proposal which deserves further study.     

蓝光调控的植物器官与细胞器运动

蓝光可诱导植物的器官和细胞器运动,从而更好地适应环境。这些运动反应包括向光反应(phototropism)、叶绿体运动(chloroplast movements)、气孔开放(stomatal opening)、细胞核定位(nuclei positioning)以及叶片伸展和定位(leaf expansion and positioning)。调控这些运动反应的主要蓝光受体是向光素(phototropins)。本文综述向光素的分子特性与感光机制,以及由向光素介导的各种器官及细胞器运动和相关信号转导途径的最新研究进展。     

工灰蝶属的修订（鳞翅目：灰蝶科）

工灰蝶属ＧｏｎｅｒｉｌｉａＳｈｉｒｚｕｅｔＹａｍａｍｏｔｏ为线灰蝶亚科Ｔｈｅｃｌｉｎａｅ的１个小属,目前已知４种,本文记述采自陕西秦岭的１个新种,即佩工灰蝶,并对该属各种的寄主植物及地理分布进行了总结,讨论了该属的分类地位。佩工灰蝶Ｇｏｎｅｒｉｌｉａｐｅｓｔｈｉｓ,新种（图１）♂前翅长１４．０ｍｍ,触角长５．５ｍｍ。新种与银线工灰蝶ＧｏｎｅｒｉｌｉａｔｈｅｓｐｉｓＬｅｅｃｈ相近似,主要区别为前翅正面顶角处的黑斑大,前缘黄色;缘毛黑色;翅反面底色黄褐色,较暗;雄性外生殖器抱器基部宽,颚形突镰状。正模♂,陕西省周至县,１９９４－ＶＩ－１４,王敏采。存西北农业大学昆虫博物馆。