全文获取类型
收费全文 | 84篇 |
免费 | 1篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 1篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 4篇 |
2015年 | 1篇 |
2014年 | 4篇 |
2013年 | 8篇 |
2011年 | 2篇 |
2010年 | 3篇 |
2009年 | 4篇 |
2008年 | 7篇 |
2007年 | 10篇 |
2006年 | 5篇 |
2005年 | 2篇 |
2004年 | 4篇 |
2003年 | 5篇 |
2002年 | 2篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
1999年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有90条查询结果,搜索用时 351 毫秒
41.
Arlene R. Howe Charles S. Gasser Sherri M. Brown Stephen R. Padgette Jesse Hart Gregory B. Parker Michael E. Fromm Charles L. Armstrong 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2002,10(3):153-164
Efficient and reproducible selection of transgenic cells is an essential component of a good transformation system. In this paper, we describe the development of glyphosate as a selective agent for the recovery of transgenic embryogenic corn callus and the production of plants tolerant to Roundup® herbicide. Glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup® herbicide inhibits the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) and thus prevents the synthesis of chorismate-derived aromatic amino acids and secondary metabolites in plants. A maize EPSPS gene has been cloned, mutated to produce a modified enzyme resistant to inhibition by glyphosate, and engineered into a monocot expression vector. In addition, a bacterial gene which degrades glyphosate (glyphosate oxidoreductase, or GOX) was also cloned into a similar expression vector. Stably transformed callus has been reproducibly recovered following introduction of mutant maize EPSPS and GOX genes into tissue culture cells by particle bombardment and selection on glyphosate-containing medium. Plants have been regenerated both on and off glyphosate selection medium, and are tolerant to normally lethal levels of Roundup®. Excellent seed set has been obtained from both self and outcross pollinations from both sprayed and unsprayed regenerated plants. Progeny tests have demonstrated normal Mendelian transmission and tolerance to the herbicide for some of the transgenic events. 相似文献
42.
Devos Y Cougnon M Vergucht S Bulcke R Haesaert G Steurbaut W Reheul D 《Transgenic research》2008,17(6):1059-1077
With the potential advent of genetically modified herbicide-resistant (GMHR) crops in the European Union, changes in patterns
of herbicide use are predicted. Broad-spectrum, non-selective herbicides used with GMHR crops are expected to substitute for
a set of currently used herbicides, which might alter the agro-environmental footprint from crop production. To test this
hypothesis, the environmental impact of various herbicide regimes currently used with non-GMHR maize in Belgium was calculated
and compared with that of possible herbicide regimes applied in GMHR maize. Impacts on human health and the environment were
calculated through the pesticide occupational and environmental risk (POCER) indicator. Results showed that the environmental
impact of herbicide regimes solely relying on the active ingredients glyphosate (GLY) or glufosinate-ammonium (GLU) is lower
than that of herbicide regimes applied in non-GMHR maize. Due to the lower potential of GLY and GLU to contaminate ground
water and their lower acute toxicity to aquatic organisms, the POCER exceedence factor values for the environment were reduced
approximately by a sixth when GLY or GLU is used alone. However, the environmental impact of novel herbicide regimes tested
may be underestimated due to the assumption that active ingredients used with GMHR maize would be used alone. Data retrieved
from literature suggest that weed control efficacy is increased and resistance development delayed when GLY or GLU is used
together with other herbicides in the GMHR system. Due to the partial instead of complete replacement of currently used herbicide
regimes, the beneficial environmental impact of novel herbicide regimes might sometimes be reduced or counterbalanced. Despite
the high weed control efficacy provided by the biotechnology-based weed management strategy, neither indirect harmful effects
on farmland biodiversity through losses in food resources and shelter, nor shifts in weed communities have been demonstrated
in GMHR maize yet. However, with the increasing adoption rate of GMHR maize and their associated novel herbicide regimes,
this situation is expected to change in the short-term.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
43.
Carlos Alberto Moldes Leonardo Oliveira Medici Othon Silva Abrahão Siu Miu Tsai Ricardo Antunes Azevedo 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2008,30(4):469-479
Glyphosate is a wide spectrum, non-selective, post-emergence herbicide. It acts on the shikimic acid pathway inhibiting 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), thus obstructing the synthesis of tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine and other
secondary products, leading to plant death. Transgenic glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean [Glycine max (L.)] expressing an glyphosate-insensitive EPSPS enzyme has provided new opportunities for weed control in soybean production.
The effect of glyphosate application on chlorophyll level, lipid peroxidation, catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX),
guaiacol peroxidase (GOPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, soluble amino acid levels and protein profile, in leaves
and roots, was examined in two conventional (non-GR) and two transgenic (GR) soybean. Glyphosate treatment had no significant
impact on lipid peroxidation, whilst the chlorophyll content decreased in only one non-GR cultivar. However, there was a significant
increase in the levels of soluble amino acid in roots and leaves, more so in non-GR than in GR soybean cultivars. Root CAT
activity increased in non-GR cultivars and was not altered in GR cultivars. In leaves, CAT activity was inhibited in one non-GR
and one GR cultivar. GOPX activity increased in one GR cultivar and in both non-GR cultivars. Root APX activity increased
in one GR cultivar. The soluble protein profiles as assessed by 1-D gel electrophoresis of selected non-GR and GR soybean
lines were unaffected by glyphosate treatment. Neither was formation of new isoenzymes of SOD and CAT observed when these
lines were treated by glyphosate. The slight oxidative stress generated by glyphosate has no relevance to plant mortality.
The potential antioxidant action of soluble amino acids may be responsible for the lack of lipid peroxidation observed. CAT
activity in the roots and soluble amino acids in the leaves can be used as indicators of glyphosate resistance. 相似文献
44.
Martinson KB Sothern RB Koukkari WL Durgan BR Gunsolus JL 《Chronobiology international》2002,19(2):405-422
Five field experiments were conducted in 1998 and 1999 in Minnesota to examine the influence of time of day efficacy of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] and glufosinate [2-amino-4-(hydroxymethyl-phosphinyl)butanoic acid] applications on the control of annual weeds. Each experiment was designed to be a randomized complete block with four replications using plot sizes of 3×9 m. Glyphosate and glufosinate were applied at rates of 0.421 kg ae/ha and 0.292 kg ai/ha, respectively, with and without an additional adjuvant that consisted of 20% nonionic surfactant and 80% ammonium sulfate. All treatments were applied with water at 94 L/ha. Times of day for the application of herbicide were 06:00h, 09:00h, 12:00h, 15:00h, 18:00h, 21:00h, and 24:00h. Efficacy was evaluated 14 d after application by visual ratings. At 14 d, a circadian response to each herbicide was found, with greatest annual weed control observed with an application occurring between 09:00h and 18:00h and significantly less weed control observed with an application at 06:00h, 21:00h, or 24:00h. The addition of an adjuvant to both herbicides increased overall efficacy, but did not overcome the rhythmic time of day effect. Results of the multiple regression analysis showed that after environmental temperature, time of day was the second most important predictor of percent weed kill. Thus, circadian timing of herbicide application significantly influenced weed control with both glyphosate and glufosinate. 相似文献
45.
Souza da Silva R Cognato Gde P Vuaden FC Rezende MF Thiesen FV Fauth Mda G Bogo MR Bonan CD Dias RD 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP》2003,135(2):215-220
We measured the effects in vitro of pure and commercial pesticides on Ca(2+)-activated ATPase and cholinesterase (ChE) activities in the nervous system of the slug Phyllocaulis soleiformis. The pesticides used in this study included carbamate and organophosphates, which acts as reversible and irreversible anticholinesterases, respectively. Both enzymes were insensitive to pure carbofuran (1 mM), glyphosate (1 mM) and malathion (120 microM). However, the carbamate carbofuran, in the commercial formulation Furandan 350S, inhibited ATPase and ChE activities. The organophosphate glyphosate used in the commercial preparation of Gliz 480CS inhibited ATPase activity and increased cholinesterase activity. These effects are likely due to the action of adjuvant substances of the chemical formulation. The commercial formulation (Malatol 500CE) did not alter enzymes activities. Our results suggest that cholinesterase present in the slug nervous tissue has a different behavior to those identified in vertebrate nervous tissue, since it was insensitive to pure compounds, known as anticholinesterases in vertebrates. Considering the insensitivity of the Ca(2+)-activated ATPase, we suggested that the purinergic neurotransmission and other roles of ATP might not be affected by the pure pesticides tested. 相似文献
46.
Tamara A. Takahashi Guilherme Nishimura Eduardo Carneiro Luís A. Foerster 《Revista Brasileira de Entomologia》2019,63(3):199-201
The widespread cultivation of transgenic soybeans has caused significant changes in the spectrum of Lepidoptera larvae, both in the number of species as well as on their densities in the field. Transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins have successfully reduced the incidence of the most common caterpillars infesting soybeans, namely Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) and Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). However, lepidopteran species not previously recorded on the crop have been recently found, and are of concern due to the possibility of adaptation to the genetically modified cultivars. The occurrence of Peridroma saucia Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is described for the first time in Brazil feeding on genetically modified soybean cultivars. 相似文献
47.
48.
Length of time in tissue culture can affect the selected glyphosate resistance mechanism 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Usually, stepwise selection of plant suspension cultures with gradually increasing concentrations of the herbicide glyphosate results in the amplification of the target enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS; EC 2.5.1.19) gene that leads to resistance by increasing EPSPS mRNA and enzyme activity. We show that glyphosate selection with newly initiated suspension cultures can produce resistant lines with resistance mechanisms other than gene amplification and that usually as the cultures age gene amplification becomes the predominant mechanism. Gene amplification did not occur in 3 lines selected from 5-month-old Datura innoxia Mill. cultures but did occur in all 10 lines selected after 52 months. Selection with Nicotiana tabacum L. (tobacco) less than 5 months old produced 2 lines out of 24 with no EPSPS amplification while all 17 lines selected from older cultures contained amplified genes. Lines selected from the oldest culture (35 years) also exhibited amplification of several different genes, indicating the expression of different EPSPS genes or an enhanced gene amplification incidence. None of the 15 lines selected from 2 different 5-month-old Daucus carota L. (carrot) lines exhibited amplification while amplification led to the resistance of all 7 lines selected from one of the original carrot lines (DHL) after 3 years. However, the other line (Car4) was exceptional and produced only non-amplified lines (9 of 9) after 8 years in culture. These results show that plant tissue cultures change with time in culture and that several different new mechanisms can result in glyphosate resistance.Abbreviations AHAS
acetohydroxyacid synthase
- EPSPS
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase 相似文献
49.
Marc J Mulner-Lorillon O Bellé R 《Biology of the cell / under the auspices of the European Cell Biology Organization》2004,96(3):245-249
Cell-cycle dysregulation is a hallmark of tumor cells and human cancers. Failure in the cell-cycle checkpoints leads to genomic instability and subsequent development of cancers from the initial affected cell. A worldwide used product Roundup 3plus, based on glyphosate as the active herbicide, was suggested to be of human health concern since it induced cell cycle dysfunction as judged from analysis of the first cell division of sea urchin embryos, a recognized model for cell cycle studies. Several glyphosate-based pesticides from different manufacturers were assayed in comparison with Roundup 3plus for their ability to interfere with the cell cycle regulation. All the tested products, Amega, Cargly, Cosmic, and Roundup Biovert induced cell cycle dysfunction. The threshold concentration for induction of cell cycle dysfunction was evaluated for each product and suggests high risk by inhalation for people in the vicinity of the pesticide handling sprayed at 500 to 4000 times higher dose than the cell-cycle adverse concentration. 相似文献
50.
Influence of Pesticide Use on the Natural Occurrence of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Arable Soils in the UK: Field and Laboratory Comparisons 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The spectrum and abundance of entomopathogenic fungi in agricultural soil receiving different pesticide applications were evaluated . Seven small field plots within a barley crop were selected . Each plot had received a different pesticide treatment at slightly higher than the field rate each year for the previous 12-19 years . The field plots received either benomyl (fungicide) , triadimefon (fungicide) , aldicarb (insecticide) , chlorfenvinphos (insecticide) , glyphosate (herbicide) , all five of these pesticides or no pesticides at all (control) . Soil sampled from each plot was baited with Galleria mellonella larvae at either 18 or 26 C . Five species of entomopathogenic fungi infected these larvae . Beauveria bassiana was the dominant species , and the only species for which infection levels were high enough to be analyzed statistically . Significantly fewer G. mellonella larvae became infected with B. bassiana in soil treated with benomyl than in other treatments . This deleterious effect was confirmed in in vitro experiments where benomyl inhibited fungal growth significantly . Chlorfenvinphos also reduced the proportion of G. mellonella becoming infected with B. bassiana slightly (although not statistically significantly) . This effect was much greater in in vitro experiments in which chlorfenvinphos inhibited fungal growth significantly . B. bassiana- induced mortality was significantly greater in G. mellonella larvae placed in soil treated with triadimefon than in other treatments . In vitro studies , however , demonstrated that triadimefon inhibited rather than stimulated growth . A similar anomaly between field and laboratory observations was seen in the case of aldicarb . There was no significant difference in the number of G. mellonella larvae found infected with B. bassiana in soil treated with aldicarb than in the control soil . However , in the in vitro studies , aldicarb stimulated fungal growth at all concentrations except 10 times the field rate . In general , significantly fewer larvae became infected with B. bassiana at 26 C than at 18 C in all treatments . Pesticides may have a direct impact on the natural occurrence , infectivity and population dynamics of entomopathogenic fungi . They also affect other macro - and microorganisms in the soil which may interact with the ento mopathogenic fungi . In combination with climate and soil variables , these effects are difficult to separate . Although any suppression of these fungi may be detrimental to their capacity as natural enemies , this study has demonstrated that pesticides used under field conditions are unlikely either to kill all the entomopathogenic fungi present in the treated area or to limit their recolonization . It seems likely , therefore , that pesticides have the potential to be used in conjunction with mycoinsecticides in integrated pest management systems . 相似文献