Guaiane dimers from Xylopia vielana

From the leaves of Xylopia vielana (Annonaceae) two dimeric guaianes named vielanins D and E were isolated and structurally elucidated by mass and NMR spectroscopy. Vielanin D and E consist of bridged ring systems formally representing the Diels-Alder products from the hypothetical guaiane-type monomers. Due to a hemiketal function at C-8' both compounds occurred as epimeric mixtures.     

中国番荔枝科囊瓣木族植物叶片脉序比较观察

中路番荔枝科囊辦木族植物共有5属10种,其中有囊辦木属Saccopetalum Benn.,野独活屈Miliusa Lesch.ex A.DC.,蚁花届Mezzettiopsis Ridl.,澄广花属Orophea B1.等属的分类位置仍存在着一些争议。本文对它们有争议的4个屈进行了叶片脉序比较观察,提供分类一个辅佐证据。     

Interpretation of triose phosphate isomerase isozymes in the cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.)

Detailed interpretation of triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) isozymes in seed plants has been restricted to only a few species. Three sets of TPI bands are regularly observed in the cherimoya(Annona cherimola), a primitive angiosperm. The slowest, set I, is expressed as one or three bands; the second-slowest set II, as one or two bands; and the fastest, set IV, as one or three bands. A faint set III, just cathodal to set IV, is detected rarely with overstaining. Set IV bands are expressed in macerated extracted pollen but not in pollen leachate. Dissociation-reassociation experiments reveal that the set II bands are heterodimers involving, in part, the enzymes involved in the set I bands. These data combined with those from full-sib progeny analysis lead us to propose a three-locus model to explain the TPI isozyme banding patterns in cherimoya. Sets I and IV consist of the allelic products of individual, single loci. Sets I and II occur in the cytoplasm. Set IV occurs in organelles. Set II isozymes are the intergenic heterodimers of the locus coding for set I and the locus coding for set III. Our results reported here are contrasted with the TPI isozyme patterns known for other vascular plants and suggest that the locus coding for set III may be a duplication of very ancient origin.This work was supported, in part, by funding from the Elvenia J. Slosson Endowment Fund.     

广西瓜馥木的新黄酮成分

从广西瓜馥木茎皮的乙醇提取物中分到６个黄酮成分,其中瓜馥木甲素为一新黄酮,经各种波谱解析及化学转换方法,其结构鉴定为８－羟基－５,６,７－三甲氧基双氢黄酮（１）。     

Studies in Annonaceae. XXVIII. Macromorphological variation of recent invaders in northern Central America: the case of Malmea (Annonaceae)

Cluster analysis is used to reveal patterns of macromorphological variation in a species complex of Malmea (Annonaceae) distributed in eastern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. Of 53 characters, 24 are important for the clustering of 238 herbarium specimens into 12 clusters. No cluster is exclusively specified by any character or combination of characters. Neither can any geographical pattern be detected, except for the clustering of specimens from Los Tuxtlas Tropical Biological Station, Veracruz. A new subspecies from this area, M. depressa subsp. abscondita, is described. Malmea gaumeri and M. leiophylla are brought into synonymy with M. depressa. Distribution patterns of Mexican and Central American taxa of Malmea are largely concordant with those of South American taxa, which spread into Cental America after the Pliocene closure of the Isthmus of Panama. A phytogeographical novelty is presented, however, as the distribution of M. depressa subsp. abscondita within the Sierra de los Tuxtlas shows an hitherto unknown pattern: the new subspecies is distributed only on the northeastern slopes of this mountain range, and is geographically separated from M. depressa subsp. depressa, which occurs only on the southwestern slopes.     

刺果番荔枝种子中的新环肽—刺果番荔枝环肽A

从刺果番荔枝种子中得到１个新环肽,命名为刺果番荔枝环肽Ａ（ａｎｎｏｍｕｒｉｃａｔｉｎＡ）通过多种２Ｄ－ＮＭＲ技术、ｐｏｓ．ＦＡＢ－ＭＳ和氨基酸分析,其结构确定为坏（脯－苯丙－缬－丝－丙－甘）,是１个环六肽。     

番荔枝科研究35.Guatteria类群和有关属的系统发育

Guatteria类群由4个新热带的属组成,即Guatteria,Guatteriopsis,Guatteriella和Heteropetalum。不同的作者基于不同的证据得出的它在番荔枝中的地位各不相同。基于宏观和微观的形态特征,对该类群进行了表型和分支分析。分支分析表明,所研究属的系统发育分支方式仅由极少数共同衍征支持,同型现象非常明显,所获得的唯一的最简约分支图可分为两个基本部分,即一个(假)合生心皮分支和一个离生心皮grade。在表征聚类图和主成分分析的三维构象图中同样可以区分出离生心皮和(假)合生心皮两个表征群,表征分析表明Guatteria类群处在其它离生心皮类和(假)合生心皮类的中间位置。然而分支分析表明Guatteria类群与番荔枝科中最进化的(假)合生心皮类有姊妹群关系。Guatteria类群是离生心皮类中最进化的一类。番荔枝科中离生心皮类和(假)合生心皮类在漫长的进化过程中经历了强烈的形态分化而显示出极大的形态差异,然而在系统发育上它们可以通过Guatteria类群作为纽带而联系起来。     

紫玉盘中的新内酰胺

从紫玉盘(UvariamicrocarpaChamp.exBenth.)的茎枝分离到7个生物碱,经光谱数据分析鉴定为紫玉盘内酰胺(uvarilactam,1)、马兜铃内酰胺AⅡ(2)、马兜铃内酰胺BⅠ(3)、马兜铃内酰胺BⅡ(4)、马兜铃内酰胺AⅠa(aristololactamAⅠa,5)、4,5_dioxodehydroasimilobine(6)和oxoanolobin(7)。1～5属于菲甲酸内酰胺类化合物,6～7是阿扑菲生物碱类,化合物3与4以混合物出现。其中1是新化合物,其余化合物均首次从该植物中分离得到     

大花哥纳香化学成分研究

从大花哥纳香（ＧｏｎｉｏｔｈａｌａｍｕｓｇｒｉｆｉｔｈｉＨｏｋｆ．ｅｔＴｈｏｍｓ）的茎枝分得１２个化合物,经光谱（ＩＲ,ＭＳ,ＮＭＲ,２ＤＮＭＲ）分析,鉴定其中７个为苯乙烯内酯：ｇｏｎｉｏｔｈａｌａｍｉｎ（１）、９ｄｅｏｘｙｇｏｎｉｏｐｙｐｙｒｏｎｅ（２）、ａｌｔｈｏｌａｃｔｏｎｅ（３）、ｇｏｎｉｏｄｉｏｌ（４）、ｇｏｎｉｏｔｈａｒｖｅｎｓｉｎ（５）、ｇｏｎｉｏｆｕｆｕｒｏｎｅ（６）和８ａｃｅｔｙｌｇｏｎｉｏｔｒｉｏｌ（７）。另５个化合物鉴定为番荔枝内酰胺（ｓｑｕａｍｏｌｏｎｅ,８）、乔松素（ｐｉｎｏｃｅｍｂｒｉｎ,９）、琥珀酸（ｓｕｃｃｉｎｉｃａｃｉｄ,１０）、β谷甾醇（βｓｉｔｏｓｔｅｒｏｌ,１１）和豆甾醇（ｓｔｉｇｍａｓｔｅｒｏｌ,１２）。化合物１～３和５～１０均为首次从该植物分得。     

Floral evolution in the Annonaceae: hypotheses of homeotic mutations and functional convergence

The recent publication of hypotheses explaining the homeotic control of floral organ identity together with the availability of increasingly comprehensive and well‐resolved molecular phylogenies presents an ideal opportunity for reassessing current knowledge of floral diversity and evolution in the Annonaceae. This review summarizes currently available information on selected aspects of floral structure and function, including: changes in the number of perianth whorls and the number of perianth parts per whorl; the evolution of sympetaly; the diversity and evolution of pollination chambers (with a novel classification of seven main structural forms of floral chamber based on the different arrangement, size and shape of petals); the evolution of perianth glands; floral unisexuality and hypotheses explaining the unexpectedly high frequency of occurrence of androdioecy; the origin and possible function of inner and outer staminodes; the evolution of stamen connective diversity and theca septation; and the origin of ‘true’ syncarpy and functionally equivalent extragynoecial compita. In each case, current ideas on the origin, evolution and function are discussed. The information presented in this review enables two main conclusions to be drawn. The first is that changes in the homeotic control of floral organ identity may have had a profound impact on floral structure in several disparate lineages in the family. This is most obvious in Fenerivia, in which a centrifugal shift of floral organ identity has occurred, and in Dasymaschalon, in which a reverse (centripetal) shift has occurred. Other genera that have gained or lost entire perianth whorls are likely to have undergone similar homeotic changes. Attention is also drawn to the extensive functional convergence in Annonaceae flowers, with widespread homoplasy in many characters that have previously been emphasized in higher‐level classifications.