排序方式: 共有47条查询结果,搜索用时 890 毫秒
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Andrew J. Hogan 《New genetics and society》2013,32(1):78-96
The variability of disease expression often complicates clinical classification. Since the 1960s, medical geneticists have sought to address this problem by associating diseases with discrete locations in the human genome. While this nosological approach was quite successful in the 1980s, unanticipated complications arose. In 1987, two historically distinct disorders, Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes, were unexpectedly associated with the same genomic “address.” Does genomic overlap imply nosological sameness? This paper explores the clinical and biological implications of this finding, and argues that the process by which it was resolved represented new modes of thinking and practice in late-twentieth-century biomedicine. In the decades before the completion of the Human Genome Project, the genome was understood to be, at once, a standardized scientific object and an observable part of the human anatomy. Depicted and analyzed at the level of chromosomes, the genome became an important conceptual space and experimental system for late-twentieth-century biomedicine, producing novel research questions that drew the attention of both clinically oriented physicians and basic laboratory geneticists. 相似文献
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金纳米棒的光学性质及其在生物医学领域的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
简要介绍金纳米棒的光学性质和合成方法,重点阐述其在生物医学领域研究的最新进展,并对其今后的研究方向进行展望.金纳米棒是一种胶囊状的金纳米颗粒,具有一个横向等离子共振吸收峰和一个纵向等离子共振吸收峰,分别对应其横轴和纵轴两个特征尺寸.通过调节金纳米棒的长径比,纵向等离子共振吸收峰可由可见光区跨越至近红外光区.金纳米棒这一独特的光学性质在生物和化学传感方面有着广泛而重要的应用前景. 相似文献
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Yueyang Zhang Lisi Ai Yongsheng Gong Yanxia Jin 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2023,120(10):2777-2792
Nanotechnology is one of the most promising and decisive technologies in the world. Nanomaterials, as the primary research aspect of nanotechnology, are quite different from macroscopic materials because of their unique optical, electrical, magnetic, thermal properties, and more robust mechanical properties, which make them play an essential role in the field of materials science, biomedical field, aerospace field, and environmental energy. Different preparation methods for nanomaterials have various physical and chemical properties and are widely used in different areas. In this review, we focused on the preparation methods, including chemical, physical, and biological methods due to the properties of nanomaterials. We mainly clarified the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of different preparation methods. Then, we focused on the applications of nanomaterials in biomedicine, including biological detection, tumor diagnosis, and disease treatment, which provide a development trend and promising prospects for nanomaterials. 相似文献
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金属-有机框架(metal-organic frameworks, MOFs)作为酶固定化的优良载体,为生物催化反应提供优越的物理和化学保护。近年来,多级孔金属-有机框架(hierarchical porous metal-organic frameworks, HP-MOFs)由于其独特的结构优势,在固定化酶方面显示出更大的潜力。到目前为止,已经开发了各类具有原生多级孔或缺陷多级孔的HP-MOFs用于酶的固定化研究,并且使得固定化酶在催化活性、稳定性和重复利用性等方面得到了显著增强。本文系统总结了HP-MOFs用于固定化酶的各种策略,介绍了HP-MOFs固定化酶(enzyme@HP-MOFs)在催化合成、生物传感、生物医药等领域的最新应用进展。最后,讨论并展望了HP-MOFs固定化酶这一领域所面临的挑战和机遇。 相似文献
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Ganapathy Sivakumar 《Critical reviews in biotechnology》2018,38(1):83-92
The plant-based colchicine potentially affects major diseases such as cardiovascular events, cancers and gout. Gloriosa superba seeds are a conventional pharmaceutical source of colchicine. The demand for pharmaceutical-grade colchicine has increased due to the shortage of feasible upstream manufacturing, encompassing all stages in the processes of biosynthesis and biomanufacturing before the raw material is ready for purification. Consequently, developing sustainable upstream industrial colchicine biofactories is imperative, especially in curtailing drug costs. A new upstream bioprocess has been established, using specialized biorhizomes with comprehensive specific-enzymes that catalyze the construction of biogenic functionalized intermediates that are converted into colchicine. This review emphasizes a novel biorhizome approach for biomanufacturing pharmaceutical-grade natural colchicine, a biosynthetic pathway elucidation and its challenges to synthetic biotechnology. 相似文献
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Irina Yu. Bakunina Larissa A. Balabanova Angela Pennacchio 《Critical reviews in biotechnology》2016,36(2):233-245
α-d-Galactosidases (EC 3.2.1.22) are enzymes employed in a number of useful bio-based applications. We have depicted a comprehensive general survey of α-d-galactosidases from different origin with special emphasis on marine example(s). The structures of natural α-galactosyl containing compounds are described. In addition to 3D structures and mechanisms of action of α-d-galactosidases, different sources, natural function and genetic regulation are also covered. Finally, hydrolytic and synthetic exploitations as free or immobilized biocatalysts are reviewed. Interest in the synthetic aspects during the next years is anticipated for access to important small molecules by green technology with an emphasis on alternative selectivity of this class of enzymes from different sources. 相似文献
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近年来抗生素耐药性问题日趋严重,患癌人数也在逐年增加,亟需开发新型药物。嗜盐微生物作为一类特殊的极端环境微生物,具有代谢多样性丰富、营养需求较低和能适应恶劣条件等特点,是发现新型药物的希望。目前,国内外学者已从嗜盐微生物中分离出了多种代谢产物和酶,具有明显的抗菌和/或抗肿瘤等活性。文中综述了嗜盐微生物及其相关产物在抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、生物医学材料以及药物载体等生物医学方面的作用,尤其对近年来在嗜盐微生物中发现的新型抗菌和抗肿瘤物质以及嗜盐微生物特有的代谢产物四氢嘧啶等进行了总结,并对其后续在生物医药领域的开发和产业化应用进行了展望。 相似文献
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作为蛋白工程的一项突破性技术,交联蛋白晶体技术正受到广泛重视。蛋白晶体的交联形式不仅保留了蛋白的生物活性,而且显示了对热、极端pH和温度、有机溶剂和蛋白水解酶的更高稳定性。本文介绍交联蛋白晶体的制备和特性及其在生物医学、有机合成、环境催化和色谱分析中的应用 。 相似文献