Georeferenced phylogenetic analysis of a global collection of wild and cultivated Citrullus species

The geographical origin of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) remains debated. While a first hypothesis suggests the center of origin to be West Africa, where the endemic sister species C. mucosospermus thrives, a second hypothesis suggests northeastern Africa where the white‐fleshed Sudanese Kordophan melon is cultivated. In this study, we infer biogeographical and haplotype genealogy for C. lanatus, C. mucosospermus, C. amarus, and C. colocynthis using noncoding cpDNA sequences (trnT‐trnL and ndhF‐rpl32 regions) from a global collection of 135 accessions. In total, we identified 38 haplotypes in C. lanatus, C. mucosospermus, C. amarus, and C. colocynthis; of these, 21 were found in Africa and 17 appear endemic to the continent. The least diverse species was C. mucosospermus (5 haplotypes) and the most diverse was C. colocynthis (16 haplotypes). Some haplotypes of C. mucosospermus were nearly exclusive to West Africa, and C. lanatus and C. mucosospermus shared haplotypes that were distinct from those of both C. amarus and C. colocynthis. The results support previous findings that revealed C. mucosospermus to be the closest relative to C. lanatus (including subsp. cordophanus). West Africa, as a center of endemism of C. mucosospermus, is an area of interest in the search of the origin of C. lanatus. This calls for further historical and phylogeographical investigations and wider collection of samples in West and northeastern Africa.     

西瓜小叶脉超微结构研究

用透射电子显微技术研究了西瓜叶片小叶脉,结果表明,小叶脉是由大型维管束鞘细胞包围的维管束,维管束呈现大的头部和线形的柄部,柄部是单列细胞的木质部,由维管薄壁细胞和导管分子组成;头部是韧皮部,由维管薄壁细胞、伴胞和筛管分子组成。同一小叶脉内常见有超微结构特征显著不同的两种伴胞：一种伴胞体积小,与维管束鞘细胞接触面较小或不接触,细胞内有大液泡,细胞壁上没有胞间连丝或只有少数不分枝的胞间连丝,这种伴胞为2a型;另一种伴胞体积大,通常位于韧皮部两翼,不含大液泡而含大量小泡,与维管束鞘细胞接触面较大,接触面上有大量具分枝的胞间连丝,分枝部分比未分枝部分直径小,这种伴胞为中间细胞类型。显然,西瓜是小叶脉内兼具两种类型伴胞的植物。     

Natural Infection by Tospoviruses of Cucurbitaceous and Fabaceous Vegetable Crops in India

Natural infection of tospoviruses on three cucurbitaceous (Cucumis sativus, cucumber; Luffa acutangula, ridge gourd; Citrullus lanatus, watermelon) and three fabaceous (Vigna unguiculata, cowpea; Phaseolus vulgaris, French bean; Dolichos lablab, sem) vegetable crops in India was identified on the basis of nucleocapsid protein (NP) gene characteristics. The complete NP gene of the cowpea isolate from Kerala and the sem isolate from Tamil Nadu was 831 nucleotides long, encoding a protein of 276 amino acids. For other Tospovirus isolates from cucumber, French bean, ridge gourd and watermelon, the partial NP gene (291 nt) was sequenced. Comparative NP gene sequence analyses revealed that fabaceous isolates shared maximum identity both at the nucleotide (92–97%) and amino acid (93–97%) levels with the corresponding region of Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV), whereas cucurbitaceous isolates shared maximum identity both at nucleotide (93–99%) and amino acid (95–98%) levels with the corresponding region of Watermelon bud necrosis virus (WBNV), results suggesting that the Tospovirus isolates infecting fabaceous hosts should be regarded as strain of GBNV, whereas those infecting cucurbitaceous hosts as a strain of WBNV. Nucleocapsid protein gene was conserved both in GBNV and WBNV isolates originating from different hosts and locations.     

NaCl胁迫对不同西瓜种质资源发芽的影响

采用7种NaCl浓度胁迫对23份纯合的西瓜种质资源进行耐盐性研究。结果表明：随着NaCl浓度增加,西瓜发芽率下降,不同种质资源的致死浓度有明显差异,在低浓度下大部分种质资源发芽率不变或反而增加。在80～160mmol／L盐浓度下,千粒重与发芽率呈显著性相关,最大相关系数为0．606。相同NaCl浓度对不同西瓜种质资源间的侧根、根长、鲜重、下胚轴和盐害指数影响不同。对5项测定指标进行聚类分析,将23份种质资源分为4类,第2类为耐盐性好的材料,综合分析四倍体西瓜的耐盐性高于二倍体。     

我国西瓜特异种质资源研究利用进展

特异种质是西瓜种质资源的重要组成部分,因其具有一些符合特殊育种目标和重要研究价值的特异性状而日益引起人们的重视。本文介绍了国内对无极、短蔓、板叶、雄性不育和叶片后绿特异西瓜种质资源的研究利用进展。     

西瓜不同发育时期的助细胞超微结构的变化

被子植物胚囊的“雌性生殖单位”,已在多种植物上进行了超微结构的观察,但大多都以卵细胞受精前后的结构变化为主要研究内容。对于“雌性生殖单位”中的另一重要成员——助细胞,在不同发育状态下其结构变化的详细资料不多,尤其是助细胞退化后的物质去向,少见报道。本研究主要观察了西瓜不同发育时期(受精前后)、不同发育状态(柱头授粉和未授粉)的助细胞超微结构,以期为研究助细胞在双受精中所起作用提供新的资     

甜瓜品种对西瓜花叶病毒-2的抗性与过氧化物酶的关系

甜瓜品种对西瓜花叶病毒－２的抗性与过氧化物酶的关系赵荣乐郑光宇（北京师范大学生物学系,北京１００８７５）关键词西瓜花叶病毒－２,抗性,过氧化物酶植物受病毒感染而引起过氧化物酶活性和同工酶谱的变化已有一些研究〔１－３〕,但未见到关于西瓜花叶病毒－２感染...     

西瓜水浸病及其病原体的研究

本文报导了近年来在西瓜种植中发现的一种危害大,且发病分布广泛的新病—西瓜水浸病,描述了该病的症状,对所分离到的三株病原体进行了分类学上的鉴定,并初步地探讨了该病的发病规律。