陕西省发现绿臭蛙

在陕西省宁强县青木川国家级自然保护区采集了6只臭蛙类标本,经形态特征比较,鉴定为绿臭蛙(Odorrana margaretae),为陕西省首次发现。本文对其特征和分布进行了讨论。     

山东昆嵛山蛙属林蛙群一新种(两栖纲:无尾目:蛙科)

在山东省胶东半岛昆嵛山采集到林蛙类及其蝌蚪标本,与中国林蛙Raha chensinensis具背侧褶弯曲等特征极相似,但有以下主要区别;无声囊,无雄性线,雄性第1指婚垫分2团,蝌蚪唇齿式多为Ⅰ：1-1/Ⅲ,少数为Ⅰ：1-1/Ⅱ：1-1。此蛙与已知林蛙其它种有明显区别,故定为新种,即昆嵛林蛙Rana kunyuensis sp.nov。     

Isolation and characterization of 145 polymorphic microsatellite loci for the common frog (Rana temporaria)

We describe primers and polymerase chain reaction conditions to amplify 145 di‐, tri‐ and tetranucleotide microsatellite loci from the common frog (Rana temporaria), a species commonly used as a model in ecological and evolutionary research. Primers were tested on 46 individuals from two Fennoscandian populations and yielded an average of six to nine alleles per locus (range = 1–30) depending on the population. Average observed heterozygosities in the two populations were 0.16 (range = 0–0.91) and 0.36 (range = 0–1).     

太行隆肛蛙补充描述(无尾目,蛙科)

对采自我国河南济源市邵原镇太行山的隆肛蛙标本进行了形态学观察分析,发现该地标本在形态上与模式产地巫山隆肛蛙标本及其它种群存在明显差异,这表明太行山的隆肛蛙应是一独立种,即太行隆肛蛙Paa(Feirana)taihangnicus.本文对该种进行了详细的记述,并依据遗传学资料做了相应的分类讨论.     

竹叶臭蛙的分类学研究Ⅱ.两新种记述(两栖纲:蛙科)

据记载竹叶臭蛙Odorrana versabilis分布于广西,贵州,湖南,福建,浙江,安徽,广东,海南,作者对比研究了7个省的13个居群标本的形态特征,可分为3个形态型,这3个形态型标本的特征彼此差异明显,被确定为3个不同的种,其中包括2个新种,即小竹叶臭蛙O.exiliversabilis sp.nov。和鸭嘴臭蛙O.nasuta sp.nov.,为印证形态分类的结果,又采用形态数值性状标准差别分析和DNA指纹实验分析,其结果与形态特征分类研究结果一致。本文对2个新种的形态和生物学资料进行了记述。     

中国蛙科─新种──福建大头蛙（两栖纲：无尾目）

本文对我国各地的大头蛙属Ｌｉｍｎｏｎｅｃｔｅｓ作了进一步研究,认为福建等地标本与Ｌ．ｋｕｈｌｉｉ（ＤｕｍｅｒｉｌｅｔＢｉｂｒｏｎ）有明显区别,被确定为新种,即福建大头蛙Ｌ．ｆｕｊｉａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存在中国科学院成都生物研究所。     

Regional variation in drivers of connectivity for two frog species (Rana pretiosa and R. luteiventris) from the U.S. Pacific Northwest

Comparative landscape genetics has uncovered high levels of variability in which landscape factors affect connectivity among species and regions. However, the relative importance of species traits versus environmental variation for predicting landscape patterns of connectivity is unresolved. We provide evidence from a landscape genetics study of two sister taxa of frogs, the Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) and the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) in Oregon and Idaho, USA. Rana pretiosa is relatively more dependent on moisture for dispersal than R. luteiventris, so if species traits influence connectivity, we predicted that connectivity among R. pretiosa populations would be more positively associated with moisture than R. luteiventris. However, if environmental differences are important drivers of gene flow, we predicted that connectivity would be more positively related to moisture in arid regions. We tested these predictions using eight microsatellite loci and gravity models in two R. pretiosa regions and four R. luteiventris regions (n = 1,168 frogs). In R. pretiosa, but not R. luteiventris, connectivity was positively related to mean annual precipitation, supporting our first prediction. In contrast, connectivity was not more positively related to moisture in more arid regions. Various temperature metrics were important predictors for both species and in all regions, but the directionality of their effects varied. Therefore, the pattern of variation in drivers of connectivity was consistent with predictions based on species traits rather than on environmental variation.     

Early embryo orientation with respect to the cardinal points in natural clutches of two ranidae species inhabiting geographically distant regions

The azimuth (the least angle with the north-south direction) of the first cleavage furrow and anteroposterior axes of neurula was measured on projections of photographs of natural clutches. The azimuth distribution of the craniocaudal axis ofRana dalmatina neurulae in clutches from southern Italy and the first cleavage furrows ofR. arvalis embryos in clutches from central Russia proved identical. Both craniocaudal axes and first cleavage furrows were mostly oriented from west to east. The azimuth distribution of the craniocaudal axis ofR. arvalis neurulae in clutches subjected to repeated cold shock proved to be random. The causes and mechanisms of predominant orientation of the embryos in natural clutches of frogs are discussed. We propose that magnetic sensitivity is acquired by cytoskeleton elements, most likely microtubules, during reorganization in the course of normal development or due to experimental influences.     

Phylogenetic systematics of the Rana signata complex of Philippine and Bornean stream frogs: reconsideration of Huxley's modification of Wallace's Line at the Oriental–Australian faunal zone interface

We addressed the evolutionary relationships and biogeographical patterns of a model organism of low relative dispersal ability by electrophoretically assaying the products of 42 presumptive gene loci in Philippine and Bornean members of the Rana signata complex of SE Asian stream frogs. Utilizing three distantly related species of ranid frogs to deeply root trees consisting of five more closely‐related species and six in‐group species of the Rana signata complex, we conducted phylogenetic analyses that produced concordant topologies, regardless of the data coding strategy employed. All analyses support the hypothesis of monophyly for the Rana signata complex on the whole, but none provides support for the monophyly of its Philippine members. Our analyses of morphometric and allozyme data (along with biogeographical information) indicate that (1) most previously‐recognized Philippine and Bornean subspecies of the Rana signata complex should be recognized as full species in appreciation of their status as independent evolutionary lineages; (2) Rana picturata Boulenger (until very recently included in the synonymy of Rana signata signata) is deserving of specific rank; (3) the Mindoro Isl. (Philippine) population, previously confused with Rana signata similis of Luzon Isl. is a new species; (4) two major clades (((R. signata (R. grandocula + R. similis)) + (R. picturata (R. mangyanum + R. moellendorffi))) of Bornean + Philippine lineages are recognized, corresponding to two separate faunal exchanges between the Philippines and the edge of the Sunda Shelf; (5) invasions of the oceanic portions of the Philippine islands from the Sunda Shelf have occurred along both the eastern (Sulus–Mindanao–Samar–Leyte–Luzon) arc and the western (Palawan–Busuanga–Mindoro) island arcs; (6) northern reaches of Wallace’s Line (as modified by Huxley) include exceptions to an otherwise discrete faunal separation. These results suggest the need for revision of this biogeographical barrier, increased recognition of temporal patterns of island connectedness and geographical proximity, and/or a greater appreciation of dispersal abilities of ranid frogs. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2002, 76 , 393–461.