Upregulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, edema and cell injury following heat stress are reduced by pretreatment with EGB-761 in the rat

Rats exposed to 4 h heat stress (HS) at 38°C exhibited marked upregulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the brain regions exhibiting blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, brain edema and cell damage. Pretreatment with an anti-oxidant compound EGB-761 (an extract of Gingko biloba) administered 50 mg/kg, per os for 5 days, significantly attenuated nNOS expression, BBB disruption, brain edema and cell injury. These results suggest that EGB-761 is neuroprotective in heat stress and this effect of the compound is related with the inhibition of NOS expression, not reported earlier.     

肿瘤的超声波治疗

文中就超声波热疗,高强度聚焦超声以及低频超声波在肿瘤治疗中的应用进行了描述。早期主要是利用超声波的热效应来治疗肿瘤,近年来兴起的高强度聚焦超声是热疗法的另一发展。它瞬间使肿瘤组织温度升至65℃以上,导致靶区组织凝固和坏死来达到对肿瘤的“热切除”,是一种安全、有效的肿瘤治疗手段,具有无限潜力。尽管低频超声治疗肿瘤的机制尚不明了,但因其可以诱导细胞凋亡,为肿瘤的治疗提供了新的途径,其治疗作用已受到重视。     

Protocol for Long Duration Whole Body Hyperthermia in Mice

Hyperthermia is a general term used to define the increase in core body temperature above normal. It is often used to describe the increased core body temperature that is observed during fever. The use of hyperthermia as an adjuvant has emerged as a promising procedure for tumor regression in the field of cancer biology. For this purpose, the most important requirement is to have reliable and uniform heating protocols. We have developed a protocol for hyperthermia (whole body) in mice. In this protocol, animals are exposed to cycles of hyperthermia for 90 min followed by a rest period of 15 min. During this period mice have easy access to food and water. High body temperature spikes in the mice during first few hyperthermia exposure cycles are prevented by immobilizing the animal. Additionally, normal saline is administered in first few cycles to minimize the effects of dehydration. This protocol can simulate fever like conditions in mice up to 12-24 hr. We have used 8-12 weeks old BALB/Cj female mice to demonstrate the protocol.     

Identification of microRNAs associated with hyperthermia-induced cellular stress response

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs that play a critical role in the coordination of fundamental cellular processes. Recent studies suggest that miRNAs participate in the cellular stress response (CSR), but their specific involvement remains unclear. In this study, we identify a group of thermally regulated miRNAs (TRMs) that are associated with the CSR. Using miRNA microarrays, we show that dermal fibroblasts differentially express 123 miRNAs when exposed to hyperthermia. Interestingly, only 27 of these miRNAs are annotated in the current Sanger registry. We validated the expression of the annotated miRNAs using qPCR techniques, and we found that the qPCR and microarray data was in well agreement. Computational target-prediction studies revealed that putative targets for the TRMs are heat shock proteins and Argonaute-2—the core functional unit of RNA silencing. These results indicate that cells express a specific group of miRNAs when exposed to hyperthermia, and these miRNAs may function in the regulation of the CSR. Future studies will be conducted to determine if other cells lines differentially express these miRNAs when exposed to hyperthermia.     

Engineered magnetic core shell nanoprobes:Synthesis and applications to cancer imaging and therapeutics

Magnetic core shell nanoparticles are composed of a highly magnetic core material surrounded by a thin shell of desired drug, polymer or metal oxide. These magnetic core shell nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in biomedical research, more specifically in tissue imaging, drug delivery and therapeutics. The present review discusses the up-to-date knowledge on the various procedures for synthesis of magnetic core shell nanoparticles along with their applications in cancer imaging, drug delivery and hyperthermia or cancer therapeutics. Literature in this area shows that magnetic core shell nanoparticle-based imaging, drug targeting and therapy through hyperthermia can potentially be a powerful tool for the advanced diagnosis and treatment of various cancers.     

Increase in Shedding of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Human Malignant Melanoma Cell Lines Treated With Hyperthermia In Vitro

Human malignant melanoma cell lines were found to increase shedding of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) into the culture medium when the cells were treated with hyperthermia at 41–43°C for 3–6 hr in vitro. The content of ICAM-1 in the cell lysate was also found to be increased after hyperthermia. The increased rate of ICAM-1 concentration in the cells was at maximum when they were incubated at 41°C for 3 hr. Also, the melanoma cell lines heat-treated at 41°C showed more intense immuno-fluorescence in the ICAM-1 expression on the cell surface. It remains to be investigated further whether the effects of hyperthermia on the ICAM-1 expression in melanoma cells is to augment membrane ICAM-1 expression, which in turn leads to shedding of soluble ICAM-1 or only to acceleration of shedding of sICAM-1 by unknown mechanisms.     

顺铂热化疗对卵巢癌PI3K/AKT 及凋亡相关调控因子表达的影响

目的:顺铂热化疗对卵巢癌中PI3K/AKT与凋亡相关调控因子表达的影响。方法:收集我院收治的卵巢癌患者60例,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组各30例,对照组患者给予顺铂化疗方案,实验组患者在对照组基础上进行热疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后PI3K,AKT及CA125水平的变化情况以及临床疗效。结果:与治疗前相比,治疗后两组患者PI3K,AKT及CA125水平均下降,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者治疗后PI3K,AKT及CA125水平较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组临床总有效率(80.0%)高于对照组(70.0%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与单纯应用顺铂相比,顺铂热化疗能够降低卵巢癌患者PI3K,AKT及CA125水平,提高临床疗效,对临床有指导意义。     

Exposure to a combination of heat and hyperoxia during cycling at submaximal intensity does not alter thermoregulatory responses

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that breathing hyperoxic air (F_inO₂ = 0.40) while exercising in a hot environment exerts negative effects on the total tissue level of haemoglobin concentration (tHb); core (T_core) and skin (T_skin) temperatures; muscle activity; heart rate; blood concentration of lactate; pH; partial pressure of oxygen (P_aO₂) and carbon dioxide; arterial oxygen saturation (S_aO₂); and perceptual responses. Ten well-trained male athletes cycled at submaximal intensity at 21°C or 33°C in randomized order: first for 20 min while breathing normal air (F_inO₂ = 0.21) and then 10 min with F_inO₂ = 0.40 (HOX). At both temperatures, S_aO₂ and P_aO₂, but not tHb, were increased by HOX. Tskin and perception of exertion and thermal discomfort were higher at 33°C than 21°C (p < 0.01), but independent of F_inO₂. T_core and muscle activity were the same under all conditions (p > 0.07). Blood lactate and heart rate were higher at 33°C than 21°C. In conclusion, during 30 min of submaximal cycling at 21°C or 33°C, T_core, T_skin and T_body, tHb, muscle activity and ratings of perceived exertion and thermal discomfort were the same under normoxic and hyperoxic conditions. Accordingly, breathing hyperoxic air (F_inO₂ = 0.40) did not affect thermoregulation under these conditions.     

高温对原代支持细胞增殖能力和occludin紧密连接蛋白的影响

目的:研究高温对原代大鼠睾丸支持细胞增殖作用和对紧密连接蛋白的损伤机制.方法:体外分离培养雄性Wistar大鼠睾丸支持细胞(Sertoli cell,SC),免疫组化FasL鉴定.实验分为对照组(36℃)和实验组(37℃、38℃、39℃).在相应的温度下培养5d后,CCK-8法检测SC增殖作用,Western印迹法检测OCLN表达水平.结果:体外培养SC的纯度＞90％,CCK-8结果显示,细胞增殖活性在36℃时最强,37～39℃时逐渐降低;Western印迹显示,36℃时OCLN表达量最高;高于36℃时,OCLN表达量随着温度的增加而降低(P＜0.05).结论:高温影响SC增殖活性,破坏了支持细胞紧密连接蛋白的正常表达和血睾屏障的完整性,从而影响正常精子的形成.     

放疗联合热疗治疗复发性卵巢癌患者的临床疗效及对患者免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨放疗联合热疗治疗复发性卵巢癌患者的临床疗效及对患者免疫功能的影响。方法:回顾性选取2011年1月-2014年5月在我院诊治的复发性卵巢癌患者99例,按治疗方法将患者分为对照组47例和观察组52例。对照组患者给予三维适行放射治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予盆腔部位热疗。治疗后,比较两组患者的临床疗效及免疫功能。结果:治疗后,对照组总缓解率为53.19%,观察组总缓解率为78.85%,显著高于对照组(P0.05);治疗后,观察组与对照组外周血中CD3+、CD4+及CD4+/CD8+含量均较治疗前明显升高(P0.05),而CD8+含量则显著降低(P0.05),且观察组患者CD3+、CD4+及CD4+/CD8+显著高于对照组(P0.05),CD8+水平则明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应及泌尿系统反应的发生率、1年及2年生存率比较均无显著性差异(P0.05),观察组治疗后3年生存率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:与单纯三维适行放射治疗相比,放疗联合热疗能有效提高复发性卵巢癌的临床疗效,显著增强患者免疫功能,延长生存期,且不会增加不良反应。