妊娠合并甲状腺功能亢进症23 例临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠合并甲状腺功能亢进症的孕妇的妊娠结局,对母体造成的影响,抗甲状腺药物的使用情况及分娩方式。方法:对23例甲状腺功能亢进孕妇进行了回顾性分析,观察该病对孕妇的影响,对母儿造成的不良结局。结果:23例甲状腺功能亢进孕妇合并轻度妊娠高血压综合征的2例,中度4例,重度2例。合并心衰6例,合并胎膜早破5例,胎盘粘连2例,甲状腺危象1例,胎盘早剥1例,产后出血1例,前置胎盘1例。23例甲状腺功能亢进顺产6例,产钳1例,胎头吸引1例,剖宫产15例。出现早产9例,其中5例为医源性早产。胎儿宫内窘迫6例,死胎1例。结论:妊娠合并甲状腺功能亢进症常危及母婴健康,为降低母儿风险,孕前需很好地控制病情,孕期密切监控,合理治疗。     

甘草的药理作用概述

通过对国内外期刊中有关甘草药理作用的文献进行查阅,综述了甘草具有肾上腺皮质激素样作用、抗消化性溃疡、解痉、抗炎及免疫抑制作用和解毒、抗病毒、镇咳祛痰、抗肿瘤、抑菌、防治肝损害、抗衰老、抗心律失常、抑制气道平滑肌细胞增生、降血脂与抗动脉粥样硬化等药理作用,其临床应用有广阔的前号。     

Rab13 is upregulated during osteoclast differentiation and associates with small vesicles revealing polarized distribution in resorbing cells

Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing multinucleated cells that undergo drastic changes in their polarization due to heavy vesicular trafficking during the resorption cycle. These events require the precise orchestration of membrane traffic in order to maintain the unique characteristics of the different membrane domains in osteoclasts. Rab proteins are small GTPases involved in regulation of most, if not all, steps of vesicle trafficking. The investigators studied RAB genes in human osteoclasts and found that at least 26 RABs were expressed in osteoclasts. Out of these, RAB13 gene expression was highly upregulated during differentiation of human peripheral blood monocytic cells into osteoclasts. To study its possible function in osteoclasts, the investigators performed immunolocalization studies for Rab13 and various known markers of osteoclast vesicular trafficking. Rab13 localized to small vesicular structures at the superior parts of the osteoclast between the trans-Golgi network and basolateral membrane domain. Rab13 localization suggests that it is not involved in endocytosis or transcytosis of bone degradation products. In addition, Rab13 did not associate with early endosomes or recycling endosomes labeled with EEA1 or TRITC-conjugated transferrin, respectively. Its involvement in glucose transporter traffic was excluded as well. It is suggested that Rab13 is associated with a putative secretory function in osteoclasts.     

Passive Detection of Biological Aerosols in the Atmosphere with a Fourier Transform Instrument (FTIR)—the Results of the Measurements in the Laboratory and in the Field

Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR) spectroscopy is one of the most powerful methods for the detection of gaseous constituents, aerosols, and dust in planetary atmospheres. Infrared spectroscopy plays an important role in searching for biomarkers, organics and biological substances in the Universe. The possibility of detection and identifications with FTIR spectrometer of bio-aerosol spores (Bacillus atrophaeus var. globigii=BG) in the atmosphere is discussed in this paper. We describe the results of initial spectral measurements performed in the laboratory and in the field. The purpose of these experiments was to detect and to identify bio-aerosol spores in two conditions: 1) In a closed chamber where the thermal contrast between the background and aerosols was large, and 2) In open air where the thermal contrast between the background and aerosols was small. The extinction spectrum of BG spores was deduced by comparing our measurements with models, and other measurements known from the literature. Our theoretical and experimental studies indicate that, during passive remote sensing measurements, it is difficult-but possible to detect and to identify bio-aerosol clouds by their spectral signatures. The simple spectral analysis described in the paper can be useful for the detection of various kinds of trace aerosols-not only in the Earth's atmosphere, but also during planetary missions in the environments of other astronomical objects such as planets, comets etc. We expect that the interpretation of data from spectrometric sounding of Venus and Mars during the current missions Mars and Venus Express, and later during the Rosetta mission will benefit from our experimental work and numerical modelling.     

高频超声探查甲状腺结节内钙化的临床价值

目的：探讨甲状腺钙化在诊断和鉴别诊断甲状腺姑节中的临床意义。方法：回顾性分析经超声检查和手术病理证实的77例甲状腺结节患者的临床资料。结果：超声检查与病理对照分析显示：良性20例,结节性甲状腺肿18例,恶性56例,其中乳头状癌50例,乳头状增生1例。良性结节中超声声像图钙化多表现为均匀强回声光斑,光团或弧形光团,后方伴声影。恶性结节中钙化表现为“针尖样”、“砂粒样”、“点状”的微钙化,后方声影可有可无。结论：依据甲状腺结节内钙化的形态大小,可以鉴别甲状腺结节的良恶性。     

小剂量环磷酰胺联合参一胶囊治疗进展期非小细胞肺癌

目的：应用小剂量环磷酰胺（CTX）联合参一胶囊治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌,观察其临床疗效及毒副作用。方法：Ⅲ、Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌患者经标准化、放疗后随机分为两组,治疗组（38例）：CFX 50mg每日一次、参一胶囊20mg日两次口服,三至六个月;对照组（34例）：化疗后不用任何药物治疗。结果：联合治疗组患者外周血血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）表达下降。T淋巴细胞亚群CD4＋及CD4＋／CD8＋升高,病人生存质量及生存期提高。结论：Ⅲ、Ⅳ期NSCLC患者化疗后联合应用小剂量CTX联合参一胶囊治疗是一种安全有效的治疗方法,可以提高患者的生存质量及生存期。     

社区卫生护理的未来趋势和展望

社区护理是护理人员立足于社区,面向家庭,以社区内居民的健康为中心,以老年人、妇女、儿童和残疾人为重点服务对象,为其提供集预防、医疗护理、康复护理、保健、健康教育和计划生育技术服务为一体的综合性和连续性的健康护理。社区护理是社区卫生服务事业的重要组成部分,随着社会经济水平的提高和老年人口的快速增加,人们在追求健康和生活质量的同时,对预防保健知识的需求日益增加。社区护理作为21世纪护理发展的主要方向和新的热点,正越来越受到重视。发展社区卫生护理是顺应国际卫生发展的趋势和潮流,是实现“人人享有卫生保健”的途径。它有利于改进卫生护理服务方式,满足群众日益增长的卫生护理需求。选择合适的社区护理服务地段,确立服务对象,建立社区健康评估资料库,与社区、家庭签定社区护理合同,并进行健康护理诊断、健康教育计划、执行护理计划、健康评估。它正在改变生病了只有上医院、等病人上门护理的传统护理模式,真正实现向现代整体护理模式的转换[1,2]。     

宫颈癌治疗后未控或复发135 例分析

目的：探讨宫颈癌治疗后未控、复发的相关因素。方法：回顾性分析2000年8月至2003年8月山东省肿瘤医院妇瘤科收治的135例治疗后复发或未控的宫颈癌患者的临床病理资料,分析初治时的发病年龄、临床分期、病理类型、肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤生长形态、肿瘤大小以及初治方法和完成情况。结果：发病年龄最小27岁,最大72岁,平均年龄49．9岁,发病年龄≤35y的患者18例（13．1％）;Ⅰ期3例（2．2％）、Ⅱ期52例（38．5％）、Ⅲ期80例60．0％;鳞癌104（75．6％）、腺癌26例（19．3％）、特殊类型7例（5．1％）;高分化14例（10．4％）、中分化88例（53．6％）、低分化33例（24．4％）;糜烂型Ⅱ例（0．7％）、菜花型33例（24．4％）、结节型69例（51．1％）、空洞型27例（20％）、颈管型5例（3．7％）;肿瘤直径≥4cm患者93例（68．9％）;48例患者首选手术治疗,其中外院手术22例、术中有肿瘤残留的10例、术后病理提示具有预后危险因素而未在4周内补充治疗的17例;87例患者放疗为主,其中37例门诊放疗、21例放疗时间超过3个月。结论：宫颈癌治疗后来控、复发的相关因素有临床期别晚、非鳞癌等多种,应争取早期发现、规范治疗采提高疗效。     

昆虫免疫防御系统的限制因素

本文主要针对昆虫对寄生物的免疫防御并从进化生态学的角度采阐述昆虫防御系统所存在的一些限制因素,如识别抗原失败、免疫特异性、防御代价、自体免疫、性别、资源利用率和寄生物的干扰等,而这些局限使得昆虫的免疫防御受到不同（自发或诱导的、广泛或具体的）免疫反应的影响。从而限制其持续的免疫防御。     

RNAi 在植物功能基因组中的应用

植物生物学后基因组时代的主要目标就是确定植物基因组中所有基因所具有的功能。解决这个问题的一个最直接的方法就是还原或者敲除某个在正常条件下其功能能表达出一定的可观察到的表型的特殊基因。对于这方面的研究,插入突变技术就是一个可用的工具,但是基因的随机性,致死敲除,无标记的突变体都大大地限制了这种技术的利用。RNm技术可以克服以上那些难题。它已经被广泛地应用在线虫的功能基因组上,并且所获得的有效资源还被广泛地用于植物功能基因组的分析。