人参皂甙Rb1对心力衰竭大鼠蛋白激酶R样内质网激酶途径的影响

目的探讨人参皂甙Rbl（Gs—Rbl）改善阿霉素所致心力衰竭（HF）效应是否与调整蛋白激酶R样内质网激酶（PERK）通路有关。方法阿霉素（Adr）诱导的HF大鼠随机分为HF组（n=15）和Gs．Rbl组（70rng／kg／d,n=17）,另随机选取同龄大鼠作为对照组（n=10）。干预结束并进行心脏超声检查后,TUNNEL检测心肌细胞凋亡率（AR）,Western blot和Rt-PCR检测葡萄糖调节蛋白78（GRP78）、PERK、p-PERK、真核细胞起始因子2-（elF2a）、p-elF2a、C／EBP同源蛋白（CHOP）和cleavedcaspase-12。结果1．Adr干预成功构建HF模型,Gs—Rbl显著提高左室射血分数（LVEF）和降低心肌细胞AR（P〈O．01）;2．HF组GRP78mRNA和蛋白均显著高于对照组,Gs—Rbl显著低于HF组和对照组二组的表达（P〈0．01）;3．Gs—Rbl显著降低HF大鼠PERK和p-PERK表达（P〈0．01）;4．HF导致elF2amRNA和蛋白、p-elF2a显著升高,Gs—Rbl显著下调三者的表达（P〈O．01）;5．HF组CHOPmRNA和蛋白显著高于对照组,Gs—Rbl组显著抑制其表达（P〈0．01）;6．Gs—Rbl显著抑制阿霉素所致的caspase-121TIRNA和cleaved caspase-12蛋白表达（P〈0．01）。结论Gs—Rbl通过调节PERK内质网通路介导其改善HF效应。     

浅谈农田防护林对生态环境的影响

国家重点"三北"防护林体系建设的主要目的是改善生态环境`防风固沙,促进农业增产增收,无论怎样改造,这个根本目的不能丢。因此,本文指出了农田防护林对生态环境的功效。     

寄主植物挥发物对梨小食心虫受孕雌虫的引诱作用初探

梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta(Busck),是一种世界性的蛀果害虫。利用产卵选择试验研究了15种寄主植物挥发物对梨小食心虫受孕雌虫的产卵引诱活性。室内试验表明:受孕雌虫对不同挥发物的产卵选择趋性不同,其中对叶醇和己酸丁酯表现出明显的产卵选择趋性。为验证寄主挥发物对受孕雌虫的实际诱捕效果,进行了田间诱捕试验。结果发现,挥发物中己酸丁酯、苯甲腈、叶醇、E-2-己烯醛以及乙酸己酯诱捕到的雌虫均为受孕雌虫,显著高于空白对照及其他物质,其中己酸丁酯的平均诱捕量最多,苯甲腈次之,E-2-己烯醛、乙酸己酯这两种物质的平均诱捕量分别为第三、第四,叶醇的诱捕量低于乙酸己酯,其余物质的诱捕量均较低。综合室内及田间试验结果发现,寄主植物挥发物对受孕雌虫的引诱作用也随它们之间的作用距离表现出一定的差异性。     

红香芋试管球茎膨大过程中主要碳水化合物含量以及淀粉合成相关酶活性的动态研究

为了探讨芋(Colocasia esculenta(L.)Schott)试管球茎膨大期间糖类物质积累特点,以红香芋无菌试管苗为材料,研究了高浓度蔗糖诱导条件下,红香芋试管球茎形成及膨大过程中主要碳水化合物的变化规律,以及与相关酶活性的关系。结果表明:(1)在红香芋试管球茎膨大过程中,果糖、葡萄糖和总可溶性糖含量均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,果糖含量在诱导至第27天时达到最大值,而总可溶性糖和葡萄糖含量均在第34天达到峰值;蔗糖含量呈现先上升、后下降、再上升的变化趋势,在培养第48天时积累量达到最大值。(2)红香芋试管球茎总淀粉含量、直链和支链淀粉含量均随培养时间的延长而增加,至膨大后期总淀粉含量达到最大值,淀粉总含量约占干重的76%,并以支链淀粉含量为主。(3)解剖学观察发现,随着试管球茎的形成与膨大,贮藏组织中淀粉粒密度不断增大,至球茎膨大后期,淀粉粒布满薄壁细胞,并且处于比较稳定的水平。(4)诱导培养至第41天时,试管球茎的ADPG焦磷酸化酶和Q-酶活性均达到最大值,分别为1.22和2.39μmol·g~(-1)·min~(-1)。相关性分析发现,从茎基部开始膨大(20d)至ADPG焦磷酸化酶和Q-酶活性达峰值(41d)时,ADPG焦磷酸化酶活性与总淀粉含量、Q-酶活性与支链淀粉含量的相关系数分别为0.819和0.738,二者均呈极显著正相关。研究认为,淀粉的积累以及可溶性糖类含量的变化与红香芋试管球茎的膨大发育密切相关,并受到相关酶的调控。     

西藏绒山羊KA P9.2基因CDS克隆、外显子区多态性及表达分析

KAP9.2基因是角蛋白关联蛋白(keratin associated protein, KAP)中的一员,在毛发的形成过程中有重要的调控作用。本研究对西藏绒山KAP9.2基因CDS进行了克隆;采用直接测序法对绒山羊200个个体KAP9.2基因外显子区的遗传变异情况进行分析;并利用Real-time PCR分析了KAP9.2基因在不同海拔山羊中的表达。结果显示,西藏绒山羊KAP9.2基因CDS序列为576 bp,编码191个氨基酸;KAP9.2基因外显子存在25处SNP位点及一处30 bp的缺失突变,其中12处SNP为错义突变,其他13处为同义突变。遗传多态性分析表明KAP9.2基因多态性丰富,遗传变异大;连锁分析发现12与388位点、54与93位点、153与159位点、273与279位点完全连锁,H1为优势单倍型;Real-time PCR显示西藏绒山羊KAP9.2基因在高海拔地区m RNA表达水平显著高于特高海拔地区,推测该基因可能促进绒毛的生长。本研究结果揭示了西藏绒山羊KAP9.2基因的遗传多态性及其在不同海拔的表达,为进一步研究KAP9.2基因潜在的功能位点提供一定的理论依据。     

沙美特罗/氟替卡松吸入治疗对COPD患者临床疗效及 口咽部菌群和免疫功能的影响

目的研究沙美特罗/氟替卡松吸入治疗对慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者临床疗效及口咽部菌群和免疫功能的影响。方法选取我院2015年1月至2017年12月确诊的COPD II-III级患者92例。按照随机数字表将研究对象随机分为研究组和对照组,每组46例。所有研究对象给予持续低通量吸氧、抗感染、祛痰止咳、解痉平喘等对症支持治疗,并服用盐酸氨溴索治疗。研究组在常规治疗基础上加用沙美特罗/氟替卡松干粉剂。观察患者临床疗效,记录患者肺功能指标并测定CD_4~+细胞、CD_8~+细胞、CD_4~+/CD_8~+、IgA、IgM和IgG水平。采集患者的咽拭子进行培养,计算菌落比例并鉴定种属。结果治疗后,研究组总有效率为93.48%,明显高于对照组的80.43%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。肺功能指标显示治疗后两组患者肺功能均有所上升,研究组肺功能指标水平上升幅度大于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后研究组患者CD_4~+细胞和CD_4~+/CD_8~+水平高于对照组,而CD_8~+细胞水平低于照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前后免疫球蛋白水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后研究组患者发现9种细菌,对照组发现6种,各菌株的构成比具有一定差异。结论沙美特罗/氟替卡松对COPD患者临床疗效显著,能有效提升肺功能,改善患者免疫功能,对口咽部菌群的影响较小,提示该吸入治疗方法值得临床应用推广。     

Rescue of odontogenesis in Dmp1-deficient mice by targeted re-expression of DMP1 reveals roles for DMP1 in early odontogenesis and dentin apposition in vivo

Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) is expressed in both pulp and odontoblast cells and deletion of the Dmp1 gene leads to defects in odontogenesis and mineralization. The goals of this study were to examine how DMP1 controls dentin mineralization and odontogenesis in vivo. Fluorochrome labeling of dentin in Dmp1-null mice showed a diffuse labeling pattern with a 3-fold reduction in dentin appositional rate compared to controls. Deletion of DMP1 was also associated with abnormalities in the dentinal tubule system and delayed formation of the third molar. Unlike the mineralization defect in Vitamin D receptor-null mice, the mineralization defect in Dmp1-null mice was not rescued by a high calcium and phosphate diet, suggesting a different effect of DMP1 on mineralization. Re-expression of Dmp1 in early and late odontoblasts under control of the Col1a1 promoter rescued the defects in mineralization as well as the defects in the dentinal tubules and third molar development. In contrast, re-expression of Dmp1 in mature odontoblasts, using the Dspp promoter, produced only a partial rescue of the mineralization defects. These data suggest that DMP1 is a key regulator of odontoblast differentiation, formation of the dentin tubular system and mineralization and its expression is required in both early and late odontoblasts for normal odontogenesis to proceed.     

Epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta1 enhance HK-2 cell migration through a synergistic increase of matrix metalloproteinase and sustained activation of ERK signaling pathway

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), upregulated in renal diseases, have a combinational effect on epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of renal proximal tubular cells. The aim of this study was to examine the mechanism regarding the combinational effect of EGF and TGF-beta1 on cell migration following EMT. The results demonstrated that EGF (10 ng/ml) and TGF-beta1 (3 ng/ml) synergistically increased cell migration, accompanied by an increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene expression, production and activity. Inhibition of MMP-9 production and activity by an MMP-2/MMP-9-specific inhibitor blocked the synergistic effect of EGF and TGF-beta1 on cell migration. The kinetic profile of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signals demonstrated that ERK1/2 activation was rapidly and strongly induced by EGF but delayed and less marked by TGF-beta1 stimulation. In contrast, co-administration of EGF and TGF-beta1 caused an early pronounced and persistent ERK1/2 activation. Inhibition of the ERK1/2 activity by PD98059 abrogated the synergistic effect of EGF and TGF-beta1 on cell migration, MMP-9 production and activity, indicating that EGF and TGF-beta1 converged at the ERK signaling pathway to mediate cell migration. This study demonstrates that EGF and TGF-beta1 synergistically stimulate proximal tubular cell migration through the increased MMP-9 function and enhanced ERK1/2 activation.     

Diphenyleneiodonium induces ROS-independent p53 expression and apoptosis in human RPE cells

The diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) is widely used as an inhibitor of flavoenzymes, particularly NADPH oxidase. In this study, we investigated the effect of DPI on the apoptosis of human RPE cells. DPI treatment in ARPE-19 cells evoked a dose- and time-dependent growth inhibition, and also induced DNA fragmentation and protein content of the proapoptotic factor Bax. In addition, DPI significantly induced the expression and phosphorylation of p53, which induces proapoptotic genes in response to DNA damage or irreparable cell cycle arrest. ROS have been implicated as a key factor in the activation of p53 by many chemotherapeutic drugs. Recent data on the regulation of intracellular ROS by DPI are controversial. Therefore, we analyzed whether DPI could contribute to the generation of intracellular ROS. Although there was increase in ROS level from cells treated for 24h with DPI, it was not detectable at early time points, required to induce p53 expression. And DPI-induced p53 expression was not affected by the ROS scavenger NAC. We conclude that DPI induces the expression of p53 by ROS-independent mechanism in ARPE-19 cells, and renders cells sensitive to drug-induced apoptosis by induction of p53 expression.