北大荒的土

农作物生长的好坏与土壤条件的优劣息息相关。黑龙江垦区土地平坦连片，有机质含量高，土壤肥沃，再加上气候适宜，形成了得天独厚的粮食作物生长环境。     

姜老师信箱

<正>蛋白质研讨班学员问:姜老师,您好!我是"第十二期蛋白质分离纯化技术专题研讨班"的学员,向您请教渗透冲击法破菌的问题。我把E.coli培养到OD 0.5左右,加40%蔗糖冰上10min,然后离心直接加与原箘液1,2,3,4倍体积的蒸馏水,放置观察,一直没有观察到细菌破坏。我们的蛋白是在胞浆里面的,也看了一些文献,似乎渗透冲击更适用于表达在细胞膜和细胞壁之间的周     

PNAS：研究部分揭示酒精成瘾机制

来自中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所徐富强课题组的一项最新研究成果，直观地揭示了酒精作为能源物质直接参与大脑的代谢过程。部分解释了酒精成瘾机制。相关论文日前发表于美国《国家科学院院刊》。     

一种新的内源性钠泵抑制因子前海葱苷原A样物质在牛体内的分布

为了建立一种蟾蜍二烯羟酸内酯（ｂｕｆａｄｉｅｎｏｌｉｄｅｓ）前海葱苷原Ａ免疫方法，并对哺乳动物体内的前海葱苷原Ａ样物质进行检测，我们制备了兔和羊前海葱苷原Ａ抗体。利用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测了一种新的内源性钠泵抑制因子前海葱苷原Ａ样物质在牛的肾上腺、丘脑、心脏、肾脏、肝脏、小脑、骨骼肌和血液中的分布。研究发现这种前海葱苷原Ａ样物质在肾上腺及下丘脑的含量高于其它腺体组织，其具有抑制人红细胞８６Ｒｂ摄取的特性，可与前海葱苷原Ａ抗体发生免疫交叉反应，但几乎不与哇巴因抗体交叉反应，是一种新的类固醇激素     

针阔叶凋落物混合分解对酚类物质释放的非加和性影响

凋落物在分解过程中释放的酚类物质是植物影响其周边环境的主要媒介之一，然而凋落物混合分解对酚类物质释放的非加和性影响尚不清楚。本文以秦岭地区云杉、华北落叶松和华山松以及槭树、红桦和灰楸的凋落叶组成9种1∶1(w/w)针阔叶混合凋落物，采用分解袋法在室内条件(20～25℃、恒湿避光)下进行6个月的分解实验，研究针阔叶凋落物的存在对彼此水溶性酚和缩合单宁释放的影响。结果表明：(1)云槭和落槭凋落物混合分解初期对水溶性酚释放产生总体拮抗效应，但在试验后期转为产生总体协同效应，其中针阔叶凋落物在试验初期显著抑制彼此水溶性酚释放，随后转变为相互促进(P<0.05)。其余7种混合物分解时对水溶性酚释放产生总体拮抗效应(P<0.05),其中在云桦、云楸、落楸和落桦混合物中，针叶凋落物的水溶性酚释放由受到显著抑制转为受到显著促进(P<0.05)或不受影响(P>0.05),而在华桦、华楸和华槭混合物中，针叶凋落物的水溶性酚释放倾向于受到显著抑制(P<0.05)。在以上7种混合物中，阔叶凋落物的水溶性酚释放则普遍受到显著抑制(P<0.05)。(2)所有混合组合均对凋落物缩...     

Effects of peach branches returning on autotoxins and microbes in soil and tree growth of peaches

Aims This study aimed to investigate the effects of branch returning on the growth of peach (Amygdalus persica "Chunmei/Maotao") saplings, soil enzyme activity, and soil contents of phenolic acids and amygdalin, thereby providing scientific evidence against the application of branch returning for peach trees. Methods One-year-old potted peach tree (Amygdalus persica "Chunmei/Maotao") was used in this study with four agricultural treatments applied, including soil coverage by fragmented peach tree branches (fragment treatment;1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1) and applying leachate solutions of peach tree branches to soil (leachate treatment; 1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1). No branch addition was used as control (CK). Solid phase extraction, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), biological high-throughput sequencing was used to determine the content of autotoxic substances, and microbial community structure in soil. Soil coverage and leachate solution treatments of 30 g and 450 g branches applied to the peach trees were described as 1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1, respectively in this paper.Important findings Compared with CK, the phenolic acid and amygdalin contents significantly increased after both fragment and leachate treatments in high quantities (22.5 g·kg^-1). Soil microbial community structure altered in both treatments, with the proportion of fungi (particularly Agaricomycetes, Tubeufia and Cystofilobasidiaceae) increased significantly and bacteria decreased accordingly. Invertase activity in both high-quantity treatments exceeded that in the CK significantly. The activity of catalase and urease was higher at first and then decreased relative to CK under high-quantity fragment and leachate treatments. Specifically, the effect of leachate treatment on enzyme activity was higher than the fragment treatment in the short term. Chlorophyll content, ground diameter (diameter of 5 cm from the ground) growth and net photosynthesis rate of plants were lower in high-quantity fragment and leachate treatments than those in CK, with earlier retardation of new shoot growth. We observed an increase in soil phenolic acids and enzymes in treatments in normal pruning quantity, while no inhibition effect was found on the tree growth. In conclusion, autotoxins (such as phenolic acid and amygdalin) inhibited the growth of peach trees both directly and indirectly through changing soil enzyme activity and microbial community.     

不同溶剂提取对返魂草种子中抑制物质活性的影响

返魂草(Senecio cannabifolius Less.)系菊科千里光属多年生草本植物,主要分布于吉林省长白山区、黑龙江等地.在人工栽培生产中,常用200～300 mg·L-1的赤霉素处理或用40～50℃的温水浸种[1]可以提高发芽率.