新疆维吾尔族人群过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体基因相关SNP位点的多态性

对过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体基因(PPARG)的31个SNP位点进行群体遗传学分析,利用质谱检测技术检测PPARG基因的31个SNPs位点多态性,并根据质谱峰图判读样本目标位点基因型,统计分析31个SNP位点的基因型和等位基因的分布频率,利用x2检验确定筛选的SNP位点是否符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律。结果发现31个SNP位点中,23个位点的次等位基因分布频率MAF≥0.05,在新疆维吾尔族人群中具有多态性,其他8个SNP位点的MAF0.05,没显示多态性。基因型和等位基因频率在男女两组间均无统计学差异(P0.05),表明这些位点等位基因分布不存在性别差异。     

Cellulose structure and lignin distribution in normal and compression wood of the Maidenhair tree(Ginkgo biloba L.)

We studied in detail the mean micro fibril angle and the width of cellulose crystals from the pith to the bark of a 15-year-old Maidenhair tree(Ginkgo biloba L.). The orientation of cellulose micro fibrils with respect to the cell axis and the width and length of cellulose crystallites were determined using Xray diffraction. Raman microscopy was used to compare the lignin distribution in the cell wall of normal/opposite and compression wood, which was found near the pith. Ginkgo biloba showed a relatively large mean micro fibril angle,varying between 19° and 39° in the S2 layer, and the average width of cellulose crystallites was 3.1–3.2 nm. Mild compression wood without any intercellular spaces or helical cavities was observed near the pith. Slit-like bordered pit openings and a heavily lignified S2 L layer con firmed the presence of compression wood. Ginkgo biloba showed typical features present in the juvenile wood of conifers. The micro fibril angle remained large over the 14 annual rings. The entire stem disc,with a diameter of 18 cm, was considered to consist of juvenile wood. The properties of juvenile and compression wood as well as the cellulose orientation and crystalline width indicate that the wood formation of G. biloba is similar to that of modern conifers.     

猿类胰腺的动脉分布模式初步研究

目的:对25例猿类胰腺及周围动脉进行解剖分析,研究猿类胰腺动脉的起源及肠系膜上动脉和腹腔干动脉的吻合关系。方法:对6例类人猿(Gorilla 1例,Pan troglodytes 3例和Hylobates lar 2例),13例狭鼻猿(Papio hamadryas 1例,Papio anubis 2例和Cercopithecus aethiops 10例)和6例阔鼻猿(Saimiri 6例)处死后取出内脏,用10%的福尔马林固定后储存在50%的酒精中,对胰腺、胃及脾脏的供应血管进行解剖游离和解剖分析,最后进行画图。结果:猿类胰腺动脉分布发源自腹腔干和/或肠系膜上动脉,胰腺接受腹腔干及肠系膜动脉的双向供应外,也有独自接受腹腔干动脉的血供,腹腔干动脉与肠系膜上动脉之间无任何吻合支存在者占总数的32%。结论:猿类胰腺形态与人类相似,其动脉分布来源比人类更有多样性。     

抗重金属土壤微藻F1对Cu~(2+)胁迫的耐受生理机制研究

以从新疆富蕴县金属矿区土壤筛选出的抗重金属微藻F1为材料,测定在不同浓度(0、0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0mmol/L)Cu~(2+)胁迫下F1微藻叶绿素a、可溶性蛋白、MDA和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,以及谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-PX)和谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶(GCL)的活性,同时用红外光谱仪检测细胞壁上参与重金属螯合的官能团,用扫描电镜分析细胞壁上的离子交换情况,探讨F1土壤微藻对Cu~(2+)胁迫的耐受生理机制,为利用微藻生态修复技术去除污染区土壤重金属奠定基础。结果显示:(1)F1土壤微藻对Cu~(2+)具有较强的耐抗性。(2)F1土壤微藻细胞中参与吸附Cu~(2+)的基团分别为-OH、-CH2、-RCONH2和C-OH等。(3)F1土壤微藻在吸附Cu~(2+)的过程中,Cu~(2+)与细胞壁上的Al~(3+)、Fe~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、K~+、Na~+和Zn~(2+)发生了交换。(4)藻细胞中的GSH和GSH-PX在F1土壤微藻耐受Cu~(2+)胁迫时起主要作用。研究认为,F1微藻种对Cu~(2+)的耐受性首先与其细胞壁外表细微结构及其离子交换特性有关,并且细胞壁上-OH、-CH_2、-RCONH_2和C-OH等化学基团起着重要作用,其次细胞内的谷胱甘肽以及谷胱甘肽相关酶类能够有效清除活性氧的过量积累,最终保护细胞免受重金属胁迫损伤。     

新疆尉犁县荒漠微藻的分离及其生物学特性分析

采用十倍稀释法对新疆尉犁县周边干旱-荒漠土壤进行荒漠微藻的分离纯化,并以18SrDNA作为分子标记进行分子系统学鉴定,对其中5株微藻生物学特性进行观察及生化成分含量的测定,为极端环境微藻资源的开发应用以及进一步探讨塔克拉玛干干旱-荒漠地区地质和生态环境演变史提供参考。结果表明:(1)共分离选出23株微藻,且分别属于绿囊藻属、马尔瓦尼亚属、小球藻属、原生管藻属和衣藻属等5个属,其中属于绿囊藻属的藻种最多(14株),占总分离藻种的60.87%。(2)5株微藻(每个属选1株)的生长曲线均呈典型的"S"形,最适生长温度为25~35℃。(3)成分分析结果显示,除XLD-M-4以外,其他4株微藻(XLD-B-4、XLD-B-6、XLD-B-9和XLDM-5等)的总蛋白含量均高于对照组CC-127,即分别等于CC-127的1.57、2.13、1.07和1.21倍;脂肪酸含量基本以不饱和脂肪酸为主,其中18碳不饱和脂肪酸(亚油酸/异硬脂酸)含量最高达44.88%,其次是16碳饱和脂肪酸(13-甲基正十五烷酸),为37.88%。     

不同生物药剂对稻水象甲的毒力、拒食活性及防效分析

【目的】防治稻水象甲的现有常规化学药剂的大量施用所引发的环境问题越发突出,而其生物药剂单一,加之天敌匮乏,故开展符合绿色生产标准的低毒、低残留、无污染生物药剂的筛选已成为稻水象甲防治工作所面临的首要任务。【方法】以越冬代稻水象甲成虫为试虫,采用室内点滴、田间喷雾等方法,对5种符合绿色生产标准药剂的毒力、拒食活性、防效及药后取食量等指标进行了测定和综合评价。【结果】室内生测方面:72 h后对处理稻水象甲成虫的室内毒力显著;此外,对试验前后的取食斑面积进行比较,发现药后各药剂拒食活性差异显著,均表现出较好的拒食作用。田间药效方面:除0.6%苦参碱AS外,其他药剂对稻水象甲均表现出较好的防效,100亿个孢子·m L~(-1)白僵菌OD、1.5%除虫菊素AS、7.5%鱼藤酮EC和6%乙基多杀菌素SC这4种药剂15 d的田间防效为51.24%~82.55%;3 d后各处理组田间新增取食斑数、取食长度均显著低于对照组。【结论】在绿色水稻生产中,100亿个孢子·m L~(-1)白僵菌OD、1.5%除虫菊素AS、7.5%鱼藤酮EC和6%乙基多杀菌素SC均具有较好的推广价值,可用于稻水象甲的防治。     

Identification of four novel DC-SIGN ligands on Mycobacterium bovis BCG

Dendritic-cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN; CD209) has an important role in mediating adherence of Mycobacteria species, including M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG to human dendritic cells and macrophages, in which these bacteria can survive intracellularly. DC-SIGN is a C-type lectin, and interactions with mycobacterial cells are believed to occur via mannosylated structures on the mycobacterial surface. Recent studies suggest more varied modes of binding to multiple mycobacterial ligands. Here we identify, by affinity chromatography and mass-spectrometry, four novel ligands of M. bovis BCG that bind to DC-SIGN. The novel ligands are chaperone protein DnaK, 60 kDa chaperonin-1 (Cpn60.1), glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and lipoprotein lprG. Other published work strongly suggests that these are on the cell surface. Of these ligands, lprG appears to bind DC-SIGN via typical protein-glycan interactions, but DnaK and Cpn60.1 binding do not show evidence of carbohydrate-dependent interactions. LprG was also identified as a ligand for DC-SIGNR (L-SIGN; CD299) and the M. tuberculosis orthologue of lprG has been found previously to interact with human toll-like receptor 2. Collectively, these findings offer new targets for combating mycobacterial adhesion and within-host survival, and reinforce the role of DC-SIGN as an important host ligand in mycobacterial infection.     

铁锈色小孢子菌引起Majocchi肉芽肿1例临床分析及分子鉴定

目的报道1例铁锈色小孢子菌感染引起的结节性肉芽肿及病理改变,探讨诊断和治疗。方法反复取感染部位分泌物进行细菌和真菌培养,对皮损进行病理检查,将培养菌落进行rDNAITS测序鉴定。结果分泌物PDA培养基中可见灰色菌落,表面呈绒毛状,37℃生长良好,镜下可见分隔菌丝未见分生孢子。分子生物学ITS测序结果显示：病原菌与铁锈色小孢子菌相似率为100%。确诊后用伊曲康唑治疗取得良好效果。结论在新疆特别是南疆地区头癣是很常见的皮肤病。对皮肤出现结节性损害且长期抗炎治疗不愈的患者,要考虑真菌感染的可能,及时诊断并早期进行抗真菌治疗。     

新疆拟橙衣属地衣研究

报道新疆拟橙衣属地衣的6个分类单位。其中南方拟橙衣Fulgensia australis,荒漠拟橙衣F.desertorum和苔生拟橙衣F.schistidii为中国新记录种。在形态学、解剖学、化学及生态学方面对它们进行了简短的论述。此外,还提供了形态特征和内部解剖特征照片以及新疆种类的分种检索表。研究所用的标本采自托木尔峰、铁力买提达坂、阿尔金山和准葛尔盆地等,保存于新疆大学生命科学与技术学院地衣标本室。